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[Content_Types].xmlPK N@_rels/PKN@֧6  8_rels/.relsPK N@theme/PK N@ $theme/theme/PK N@theme/theme/_rels/PKN@ ѐ' Ktheme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPKN@L  theme/theme/theme1.xmlPKN@ky} Ntheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK ?h d   23A   2 $ $ / ef ef/ ef efO ef ef 23] ef ef 2323/ ef ef/ ef ef@ $ , 23 C ef ef23= ef ef23xTableStylePreset3_Accent1PivotStylePreset2_Accent1FTableStylePreset3_Accent1F PivotStylePreset2_Accent1     `(ESI] zf[@b ge202507VV5  \OehegnAuthor Keywords Keywords PlusXdQHrt^wSg Start PageEnd PageArticle NumberDOI Link'Yu, Minli; Wang, Ke; Vredenburg, HarrieSInsights into low-carbon hydrogen production methods: Green, blue and aqua hydrogen(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGYMLow-carbon hydrogen; Green hydrogen; Blue hydrogen; Aqua hydrogen; ChallengesRENEWABLE HYDROGEN; TECHNOECONOMIC ASSESSMENT; WIND ENERGY; ECONOMIC-ANALYSES; ELECTROLYSIS; SYSTEM; FRAMEWORK; COST; FUEL; SUSTAINABILITYThe primary aim of this study is to provide insights into different low-carbon hydrogen production methods. Low-carbon hydrogen includes green hydrogen (hydrogen from renewable electricity), blue hydrogen (hydrogen from fossil fuels with CO2 emissions reduced by the use of Carbon Capture Use and Storage) and aqua hydrogen (hydrogen from fossil fuels via the new technology). Green hydrogen is an expensive strategy compared to fossil-based hydrogen. Blue hydrogen has some attractive features, but the CCUS technology is high cost and blue hydrogen is not inherently carbon free. Therefore, engineering scientists have been focusing on developing other low-cost and low-carbon hydrogen technology. A new economical technology to extract hydrogen from oil sands (natural bitumen) and oil fields with very low cost and without carbon emissions has been developed and commercialized in Western Canada. Aqua hydrogen is a term we have coined for production of hydrogen from this new hydrogen production technology. Aqua is a color halfway between green and blue and thus represents a form of hydrogen production that does not emit CO2, like green hydrogen, yet is produced from fossil fuel energy, like blue hydrogen. Unlike CCUS, blue hydrogen, which is clearly compensatory with respect to carbon emissions as it captures, uses and stores produced CO2, the new production method is transformative in that it does not emit CO2 in the first place. In order to promote the development of the low-carbon hydrogen economy, the current challenges, future directions and policy recommendations of low-carbon hydrogen production methods including green hydrogen, blue hydrogen, and aqua hydrogen are investigated in the paper. (c) 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.HHu, Bin; Zhang, Bing; Xie, Wen-luan; Jiang, Xiao-yan; Liu, Ji; Lu, QiangdRecent Progress in Quantum Chemistry Modeling on the Pyrolysis Mechanisms of Lignocellulosic BiomassENERGY & FUELSDENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CATALYTIC FAST PYROLYSIS; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENTHALPIES; PHENETHYL PHENYL ETHER; CELLULOSE-LIGNIN INTERACTIONS; BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; MONOCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION MECHANISM; CURIE-POINT PYROLYSIS; GRADE BIO-OILPyrolysis of lignocellulose biomass to produce various fuels and chemicals has gained increasing interest in recent decades. An in-depth understanding of the biomass pyrolysis reaction mechanisms is essential for the advancement of pyrolysis techniques. Quantum chemistry (QC) modeling is a powerful approach for the pyrolysis mechanism investigation at the atomic/molecular level. Despite a short history of only about 2 decades, its application to the biomass pyrolysis mechanism exploration has been well-developed, along with the fast advances of supercomputer and computational codes in the new century. This review addresses the recent progress on the pyrolysis mechanism of the three basic biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) by QC modeling. On the basis of the QC modeling results reported in the literature, the current review critically summarizes the key developments about the pyrolysis chemistry of biomass by focusing on their microscopic elementary reactions, the formation routes of typical products, bimolecular interactions within or between biomass components, and catalytic effects of various catalysts. Notably, there are great gaps between the theoretical models employed in QC modeling and the natural biomass substance in the pyrolysis process. Therefore, a brief analysis of the challenges and future rese< arch perspectives is provided for the biomass pyrolysis mechanism research.6Li, C.; Zhu, C. X.; Zhang, N.; Sui, S. H.; Zhao, J. B.Free vibration of self-powered nanoribbons subjected to thermal-mechanical-electrical fields based on a nonlocal strain gradient theoryAPPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLINGhThermal-mechanical-electrical; Natural frequency; Nonlocal; Piezoelectric; Self-powered; Strain gradientKBUCKLING ANALYSIS; MICRO/NANO-BEAMS; ELASTICITY; MODEL; RESPONSES; NANOTUBEThis paper is contributed to the studies of dynamic behaviors of a piezoelectric nanoribbon subjected to thermal-mechanical-electrical fields that is used as an approximate model for the self-powered component in medical nanorobots. Both the nonlocal and strain gradient effects are taken into account, and a gradient type of normal strain is introduced and applied instead of the classical normal strain. By combining the theoretical constitutive relations with nonlocal strain gradient piezoelectric equations, the governing equations and boundary conditions under the nonlocal strain gradient theory are derived, respectively, by means of Hamilton's principle and a new definition of nonlocal strain gradient bending moment. The differential quadrature method is used to solve the governing equations numerically and the influences of internal characteristic scales and external physical parameters on dynamic behaviors are discussed. It is demonstrated that the stiffness weakening and strengthening are, respectively caused by the nonlocal and strain gradient effects. The classical results are recovered in case of the same magnitudes for the nonlocal parameter and strain gradient characteristic parameter. There is a coupling between two internal characteristic scales and the peak value of strain gradient characteristic parameter may exist, but effects of internal characteristic parameters and external physical parameters on dynamic behaviors are independent. Additionally, the self-powered nanoribbon may lose its stability with a certain critical external parameter. The work could be useful for the design and realization of self-powered nanostructures.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.MJiang, Ding; Wei, Meng; Du, Xiaojiao; Qin, Ming; Shan, Xueling; Chen, ZhidongOne-pot synthesis of ZnO quantum dots/N-doped Ti3C2 MXene: Tunable nitrogen-doping properties and efficient electrochemiluminescence sensingCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNALPZnO quantum dot; Nitrogen doped MXene; Electrochemiluminescence; ChloramphenicolHIGH-PERFORMANCE; ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; THERMAL-TREATMENT; GRAPHENE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; NANOCRYSTALS; OXIDE; MECHANISM; GLYCINEaNitrogen doping has been proven to be a facile modification strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of 2D MXenes, and thus broaden the potential of MXene-based materials in electrochemistry. Herein, a unique 0D/2D heterostructure of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) decorated nitrogen-doped Ti3C2 MXene (ZnO/N-Ti3C2) with high nitrogen-doping level has been designed and prepared using glycine as N precursor via a facile thermal treatment. During the synthesis process, Ti3C2 MXene matrix acted as an important role to confine the nucleation and growth of ZnO QDs, and thus resulted in the well-dispersed ZnO QDs of 2 similar to 5 nm on the surface of MXene. Meanwhile, the nitrogen-doping level of Ti3C2 MXene in the composites can be simply tuned from 1.52 wt% to 5.43 wt% by adjusting the amount of glycine. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the increasing doping contents in Ti3C2 MXene could boost the Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performances, which might be attributed to that more nitrogen contents were beneficial for accelerating electron transfer and decreasing the barrier of ZnO QDs reduction. Remarkably, ECL testing of the ZnO/N-Ti3C2 with 5.43 wt% N revealed that the ECL intensity enhanced by 2.8-fold and the ECL onset potential increased for about 250 mV than those of ZnO QDs/undoped Ti3C2 MXene. By using the resultant ZnO/N-Ti3C2 nanocomposites as an efficient ECL platform, a novel < ECL sensor was constructed for sensitive and selective detection of chloramphenicol, which displayed a wide linear range (0.1 ng/mL similar to 100 ng/mL), a low detection limit (0.019 ng/mL) and high stability.,Xu, Zezhong; Shin, Bok-Suk; Klette, ReinhardVAccurate and Robust Line Segment Extraction Using Minimum Entropy With Hough Transform%IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSINGKHough transform; line segment detection; entropy; fitting and interpolation1CURVE DETECTION; RECOGNITION; INFORMATION; ERRORSThe Hough transform is a popular technique used in the field of image processing and computer vision. With a Hough transform technique, not only the normal angle and distance of a line but also the line-segment's length and midpoint (centroid) can be extracted by analysing the voting distribution around a peak in the Hough space. In this paper, a method based on minimum-entropy analysis is proposed to extract the set of parameters of a line segment. In each column around a peak in Hough space, the voting values specify probabilistic distributions. The corresponding entropies and statistical means are computed. The line-segment's normal angle and length are simultaneously computed by fitting a quadratic polynomial curve to the voting entropies. The line-segment's midpoint and normal distance are computed by fitting and interpolating a linear curve to the voting means. The proposed method is tested on simulated images for detection accuracy by providing comparative results. Experimental results on real-world images verify the method as well. The proposed method for line-segment detection is both accurate and robust in the presence of quantization error, background noise, or pixel disturbances.0Li, Cheng; Zhu, Chengxiu; Lim, C. W.; Li, ShuangNonlinear in-plane thermal buckling of rotationally restrained functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite shallow arches under uniform radial loading1APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS-ENGLISH EDITIONcfunctional gradient; carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforcement; buckling; in-plane instability; nonlinearVMECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; VIBRATION ANALYSIS; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION; STABILITY; PLATESThe nonlinear in-plane instability of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) shallow circular arches with rotational constraints subject to a uniform radial load in a thermal environment is investigated. Assuming arches with thickness-graded material properties, four different distribution patterns of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered. The classical arch theory and Donnell's shallow shell theory assumptions are used to evaluate the arch displacement field, and the analytical solutions of buckling equilibrium equations and buckling loads are obtained by using the principle of virtual work. The critical geometric parameters are introduced to determine the criteria for buckling mode switching. Parametric studies are carried out to demonstrate the effects of temperature variations, material parameters, geometric parameters, and elastic constraints on the stability of the arch. It is found that increasing the volume fraction of CNTs and distributing CNTs away from the neutral axis significantly enhance the bending stiffness of the arch. In addition, the pretension and initial displacement caused by the temperature field have significant effects on the buckling behavior.mZhang, Xiang Yu; Wang, Xin Yuan; Ren, Xin; Xie, Yi Min; Wu, Yao; Zhou, Yi Yi; Wang, Shi Long; Han, Chuan Zhen]A novel type of tubular structure with auxeticity both in radial direction and wall thicknessTHIN-WALLED STRUCTURES[Auxetic; Tubular structure; Auxeticity in tube wall; Rotation method; Deformation mechanismcENERGY-ABSORPTION; OPTIMIZATION; MANUFACTURE; HONEYCOMBS; STIFFNESS; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN; PLANAR; TUBEA novel type of tubular structure has been proposed in this paper, which is the first tubular structure with auxeticity in the wall thickness as well as in the radial direction. This tubular structure exhibits good stability under axial compression. The most innovative feature is that its inner d< iameter and outer diameter have opposite deformation directions. When axially compressed (stretched), its outer diameter will become smaller (larger) while its inner diameter will become larger (smaller). Besides, its closed surfaces of tube wall can broaden its applications in the fields of civil engineering and mechanical engineering. The accuracy of the finite element model was verified by comparison between experiments and numerical analysis. Deformation characteristics of tubular models generated by offset method and rotation method were studied. The influence of cell layers, PSF (Pattern Scale Factor) value and t/R (the ratio of wall thickness t to diameter R) value was also studied by parametric analysis.Xie, Guangqian; Pan, FengTCluster-Based Routing for the Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Networks With Obstacles IEEE ACCESSiWireless sensor networks; obstacles; energy-efficient routing; cluster-based; mobile sink; spanning graphTREE CONSTRUCTIONIn wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the benefits of exploiting the sink mobility to prolong network lifetime have been well recognized. In physical environments, all kinds of obstacles could exit in the sensing field. Therefore, a research challenge is how to efficiently dispatch the mobile sink to find an obstacle-avoiding shortest route. This paper presents an energy-efficient routing mechanism based on the cluster-based method for the mobile sink in WSNs with obstacles. According to the cluster-based method, the nodes selected as cluster heads collect data from their cluster members and transfer the data collected to the mobile sink. In this paper, the mobile sink starts the data-gathering route periodically from the starting site, then directly collects data from these cluster heads in a single-hop range, and finally returns to the starting site. However, due to the complexity of the scheduling problem in WSNs with obstacles, the conventional algorithms are difficult to resolve. To remedy this issue, we propose an efficient scheduling mechanism based on spanning graphs in this paper. Based on the spanning graph, we present a heuristic tour-planning algorithm for the mobile sink to find the obstacle-avoiding shortest route. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our method.LYi, Shuang; Li, Jinjin; Zhu, Jiahua; Wang, Xiangzhi; Mo, John; Ding, SonglintInvestigation of machining Ti-6Al-4V with graphene oxide nanofluids: Tool wear, cutting forces and cutting vibration"JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSESXTi-6Al-4V; Cutting force; Tool wear; Cutting vibration; Graphene oxide; Nanofluids; PCBNzTHERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE INTEGRITY; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; PERFORMANCE; FLUID; ENHANCEMENT; MECHANISMS; NANOSHEETS; COOLANTThis paper investigated experimentally the machining of Ti-6A-4V with a new graphene based cutting fluid. Three different types of graphene oxide (GO) nanofluids with various GO concentrations were applied in a series of cutting experiments. Tool wear, cutting force and the vibration in turning titanium alloy with the new nanofluids as well as conventional coolant were analysed. The working mechanism and different cutting effects caused by the variation of GO concentration and coolant pressure were discussed. The results show that the cutting force was reduced by 50.83 % when GO nanofluids were used. The vibration in the turning Ti-6Al-4 V with GO nanofluids was significantly lower than that in using base fluids. While the Build-up-Edge (BUE) and adhered layers on the rake face were less than those formed in using conventional coolant, the reduction of flank wear was up to 44.1 %, 53.9 % and 71.3 % respectively when GO nanofluids with the concentration of 0.1 wt.% GO, 0.3 wt.% GO and 0.5 wt.% GO were applied.?Li, Xiaofang; Mei, Yurong; Gong, Jing; Xiang, Feng; Sun, Zhixin>A Blockchain Privacy Protection Scheme Based on Ring SignaturenPrivacy; Data privacy; Online banking; Bitcoin; Blockchain; privacy protection; ring signature; elliptic curveBlockchain is a point-to-point distributed ledger technology based on cryptographic algorithms. However, the open and transp< arent blockchain ledger supplemented by statistical methods such as sociological mining and data mining has caused users & x2019; privacy to face major threats. Therefore, privacy protection has become a focus of current blockchain technology research. Ring signature technology is a commonly used encryption technology in the field of privacy protection. Therefore, this paper constructs a blockchain privacy protection scheme based on ring signature. This solution built a privacy data storage protocol based on the ring signature on the elliptic curve, and used the complete anonymity of the ring signature to ensure the security of data and user identity privacy in blockchain applications. The correctness and safety proof analysis of the proposed scheme were also carried out.@Wang, Hongliang; Long, Bing; Wang, Chuan; Han, Chen; Li, LinjianWEffects of the Impeller Blade with a Slot Structure on the Centrifugal Pump PerformanceENERGIESCblade slot; orthogonal test; numerical simulation; centrifugal pumpNUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MODELWAn impeller blade with a slot structure can affect the velocity distribution in the impeller flow passage of the centrifugal pump, thus affecting the pump's performance. Various slot structure geometric parameter combinations were tested in this study to explore this relationship: slot position p, slot width b(1), slot deflection angle beta, and slot depth h with (3-4) levels were selected for each factor on an L-16 orthogonal test table. The results show that b(1) and h are the major factors influencing pump performance under low and rated flow conditions, while p is the major influencing factor under the large flow condition. The slot structure close to the front edge of the impeller blade can change the low-pressure region of the suction inlet of the impeller flow passage, thus improving the fluid velocity distribution in the impeller. Optimal slot parameter combinations according to the actual machining precision may include a small slot width b(1), slot depth h of 1/4 b, slot deflection angle beta of 45 degrees-60 degrees, and slot position p close to the front edge of the blade at 20-40%.;Xu, Zhifeng; Chen, Zhongfan; Osman, Bashir H.; Yang, SuhangeSeismic performance of high-strength lightweight foamed concrete-filled cold-formed steel shear walls(JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCHlCold-formed steel; Lightweight foamed concrete; Shear wall; Straw board; Cyclic loading; Strut-and-tie model;SQUAT WALLS; TIE MODEL; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; PANELS; LOAD!To improve the seismic behavior of cold-formed steel (CFS) shear walls, cold-formed steel high-strength lightweight foamed concrete (CSHLFC) shear walls with straw boards are proposed. This study conducted tests of six full-scale shear wall specimens to investigate the failure mode, load-bearing capacity, ductility, stiffness characteristic and energy dissipation capacity. The test parameters included HLFC density grade, stud section area, wall thickness and vertical load. Test results indicated that HLFC has greater effect on seismic performance and failure mode of the shear walls. The failure modes were cracking and crushing of HLFC, cracking of straw boards, local buckling of studs, and relative slippage between HLFC and studs, which made the wall exhibit good ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Compressive bearing capacity of HLFC and restrictive effect of HLFC on steel frame increased the shear strength and stiffness. The most effective way of improving seismic performance was to increase wall thickness, followed by increasing HLFC density grade and stud section area, but increasing vertical load had an adverse effect on seismic performance. Based on experimental results and mechanism analysis of shear walls, a simplified design formula for predicting the shear strength was proposed base on strut-and-tie model. The calculated results obtained by the proposed formula showed better agreement with the experiment results compared with the results from ACI 318-14, EC8 and CNS 383-16 standards. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.COuyang, Li< nhan; Zhu, Shichao; Ye, Keying; Park, Chanseok; Wang, Min`Robust Bayesian hierarchical modeling and inference using scale mixtures of normal distributionsIISE TRANSACTIONSnBayesian analysis; laser cladding repair; process modeling; variable selection; seemingly unrelated regression,VARIABLE SELECTION; OPTIMIZATION; PREDICTIONEmpirical models that relate multiple quality features to a set of design variables play a vital role in many industrial process optimization methods. Many of the current modeling methods employ a single-response normal model to analyze industrial processes without taking into consideration the high correlations and the non-normality among the response variables. Also, the problem of variable selection has also not yet been fully investigated within this modeling framework. Failure to account for these issues may result in a misleading prediction model, and therefore, poor process design. In this article, we propose a robust Bayesian seemingly unrelated regression model to simultaneously analyze multiple-feature systems while accounting for the high correlation, non-normality, and variable selection issues. Additionally, we propose a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm to generate posterior samples from the full joint posterior distribution to obtain the robust Bayesian estimates. Simulation experiments are executed to investigate the performance of the proposed Bayesian method, which is also illustrated by application to a laser cladding repair process. The analysis results show that the proposed modeling technique compares favorably with its classic counterpart in the literature.IZhou, Yiyi; Li, Yunfan; Jiang, Dan; Chen, Yu; Xie, Yi Min; Jia, Liang-JiuCIn-plane impact behavior of 3D-printed auxetic stainless honeycombsENGINEERING STRUCTURES^Re-entrant; Auxetic; Honeycomb; Impactbehaviors; Energyabsorption; 3D-printing; StainlesssteelGNEGATIVE POISSONS RATIO; LARGE DEFLECTION; REENTRANT; DEFORMATION; FOAMIn order to fully comprehend dynamic responses of metallic auxetic honeycombs, drop hammer impact tests and corresponding finite element (FE) analyses were conducted. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was adopted to manufacture stainless steel specimens with varying cell side length-to-thickness ratios and cell configurations. The specimens were crushed under three distinct energy inputs, and the deforming process and relevant mechanical parameters, e.g., the Poisson's ratio, failure mode, plateau stress and energy absorption capacity were studied. The FE results can generally compare well with the experimental ones and facilitate clarifying the impact mechanisms of the experimental results. Improvements of the auxetic specimens in energy absorption were verified through comparison with that of the corresponding convex honeycomb. The results reveal that the specimen with an auxetic honeycomb has higher plateau stress and specific energy absorption with less deformation when the geometric size is the same. A small side length-to-thickness ratio and input impact energy can lead to greatly improved energy absorption efficiency.)Xu, Zhifeng; Chen, Zhongfan; Yang, SuhangaSeismic behavior of cold-formed steel high-strength foamed concrete shear walls with straw boardsbCold-formed steel; Shear wall; High-strength foamed concrete; Straw board; Reversed cyclic loading'CYCLIC PERFORMANCE; COMPRESSION; PANELSTo satisfy the requirements of thermal insulation property and load-bearing capacity of cold-formed steel (CFS) shear walls in mid-high buildings, a new type of CFS shear wall referred to as cold-formed steel high-strength foamed concrete (CSHFC) shear wall with straw boards on both sides is proposed in this study. Straw board is an one-way slab consisting of horizontally distributed natural straw fibers and has excellent thermal property. High strength foamed concrete (HFC) is a new type of lightweight foamed concrete with high compressive strength. Seven full-scale specimens with different configurations were conducted under reversed cyclic loading to assess the failure mode, load-bear< ing capacity, ductility, lateral stiffness and energy dissipation. The test parameters include HFC strength grade, aspect ratio, stud section type and opening of the specimens. Compressive bearing capacity of the HFC and restrictive effect of the HFC on the studs and screw connections significantly improved the wall's shear strength and lateral stiffness. Together with bond-slip behavior between the HFC and the studs, HFC cracking and straw boards cracking, these makes the walls exhibit better ductility and energy absorption. The failure mode typically includes local buckling of the studs, inclined cracking of the HFC and straw boards and relative slippage between the stud webs and the HFC. Enhancing HFC strength grade and increasing studs' section area could effectively improve the seismic behavior, whereas increasing walls' length could improve shear capacity and lateral stiffness. Comparison of the results between CSHFC shear walls and traditional CFS shear walls shown that the seismic performance of the CSHFC shear walls was much higher than those of traditional CFS shear walls.[Singh, Amardeep; Miao, Xinzhao; Zhou, Xin; Deng, Qi; Li, Jiannan; Zou, Shuai; Duan, ZhenhuaUUse of recycled fine aggregates and recycled powders in sustainable recycled concreteJOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERINGRecycled fine aggregate; Recycled powder; Rheology; Recycled aggregate concrete; Static yield stress; Dynamic yield stress; Viscosity; LCArSELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; CONSTRUCTION; DEMOLITION; PARTICLES; IMPACTCThe shortage of sand and gravel resources has become a global problem. Processing construction and demolition wastes (CDW) into recycled materials and using them to prepare new concrete is conducive to the sustainable development of the construction industry. In terms of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), relatively mature technical accumulation and industrialization have been formed, but the utilization technology of recycled fine fractions (RF), accounting for more than 40%, is still scarce. In this study, the feasible use of RF, including recycled fine aggregates (RFA) and recycled powders (RP), in recycled concrete was studied from the perspective of fresh properties (empirical and rheological). The results showed that the reduction in the slump was more prominent in Series with RFA than RP. The highest reduction was observed around 31.71% (30% RP) in Series I at 30mins; and 60.98% (50% RFA) in Series II in mix with 50% RFA, which is due to higher friction and higher interlocking behavior due to their rough surface and higher amount of attached mortar. The mix with RP showed the most significant increase in the static viscosity of 271% at 30% RP and 149% with 100% RFA replacement at 30 min of the time in-terval. Static yield stress increases greater with RP, which may have caused slump expansion to decrease over time. The friction from RFA's rough surface texture and the mix's extra SP and water content enhance dynamic yield stress and decrease viscosity. The study found that the incorporation of RP and FA in the mixes resulted in a noteworthy reduction in carbon emissions compared to the control mix. Specifically, RPC2 and RPC3 exhibited a decrease of 24.35% and 25.00%, respectively. It is also seen that using recycled fines can lead to stable, low-carbon concrete for leading to a sustainable automated construction industry.qShan, Shuai; Li, Li; Xu, Qiang; Ling, Lei; Xie, Yajun; Wang, Hongkang; Zheng, Keqing; Zhang, Lanchun; Bei, ShaoyiNumerical investigation of a compact and lightweight thermal management system with axially mounted cooling tubes for cylindrical lithium-ion battery moduleENERGY\Battery thermal management system; Cooling tube; Staggered battery arrangement; Weight ratio PERFORMANCEjTo construct a compact and lightweight cooling system for cylindrical batter module, developing cooling tubes inserted into spaces between batteries is a promising way. Yet, the constant distance kept between adjacent cells in battery array makes the reported weight ratio values not satisfactory e< nough. Merits and demerits between different battery arrangement modes (staggered and aligned) are also unclear. Therefore, in this work, a novel liquid cooling thermal management system with axially mounted cooling tubes inserted into spaces between tightly assembled batteries is presented to provide a compact and lightweight solution to the cooling of cylin-drical battery module. Designs with staggered and aligned battery arrangements are compared. Corresponding results show that design with staggered battery arrangement is superior to the aligned one based on the trade-off of different design requirements including cooling performance, system weight and volume cost. BTMS with staggered design reports a remarkably high performance in terms of the lightweight extent, which only accounts for 5.4 wt% of the battery module, much lower than those in previous studies. Further, extended studies are performed for the optimization of BTMS with staggered battery arrangement and the results could provide useful guidance in the future design of BTMS for cylindrical battery modules.3Li, H. N.; Wang, W.; Lai, S. K.; Yao, L. Q.; Li, C.bNonlinear Vibration and Stability Analysis of Rotating Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Nanobeams:INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND DYNAMICSkRotating FG nanobeam; piezoelectricity; nonlocal strain gradient theory; nonlinear vibration; buckling load8NONLOCAL ELASTICITY; GRADIENT ELASTICITY; STRESS; ENERGYPresented herein is an investigation for the nonlinear vibration and stability analysis of rotating functionally graded (FG) piezoelectric nanobeams based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory. The present model can be regarded as a simplified version for the rotating nanowire of biomechanical nanogenerators. The Hamilton principle is used to derive nonlinear equations of motion and their related boundary conditions, which are then discretized to form a set of algebraic equations. Accordingly, the nonlinear vibration frequencies and buckling loads of the nanobeams can be determined by an iterative method. A parametric study of rotational velocity, nonlocal parameter, material length parameter, power-law index, and electrostatic voltage on the dynamic stability behavior of such nanobeams is also presented. In the cantilever case, increasing the nonlocal parameter and material length parameter can result in a stiffness-hardening effect that is unaffected by rotational velocity and the material length parameter to nonlocal parameter ratio. Yet, this has not been reported previously. More importantly, incorporating the effect of geometric nonlinearity on the dynamic responses and stability results of the nanobeams is indispensable. In particular, new observations for the coupling effect of vibration amplitude and power-law index on the electric potential effect are useful for the design of rotating microelectromechanical devices.'Wu, Sheng; Zhou, Xiaoyong; Zhu, QianjinhGreen credit and enterprise environmental and economic performance: The mediating role of eco-innovationJOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTIONaGreen credit policy; Eco-innovation; Enterprise performance; Banking institutions; HH enterprisessSUSTAINABLE FINANCE; EQUATOR PRINCIPLES; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; IMPACT; DRIVERS; POLICY; COMPANIES; SUCCESS; BANKS; UKIn recent years, green credit has become a major policy for banking institutions to financially support the green development of enterprises. However, there has been no consensus on whether and how green credit can effectively improve enterprise performance. This study investigates the dual impact of green credit on enterprise environmental and economic performance with a conceptual framework that incorporates eco-innovation (i.e., innovation related to eco-process, eco-product, and eco-organization) as a mediator. Using the structural equation model and data from China's 376 textile manufacturing firms, this study reveals that green credit directly improved enterprise economic performance but had no significant direct effect on environmental per-formance. Eco-innovation showed a complete a< nd partial mediating effect in the indirect relationships between green credit and environmental performance, and economic performance, respectively. Such a mediated path can avoid excessive green investment, alleviate financial burden, and promote the green transformation of enter-prises with high pollution and high energy consumption (HH), thus contributing to the sustainable development of green credit. This study offers a valuable framework to assist business managers, bankers, and policymakers in managing green credit, strengthening eco-innovation, and improving environmental and economic performance.nYang, Zhou; Xie, Xinjie; Zhang, Zhuqing; Yang, Jingjing; Yu, Chengbin; Dong, Shuang; Xiang, Meng; Qin, HengfeigNiS2@V2O5/VS2 ternary heterojunction for a high- performance electrocatalyst in overall water splittingGNiS2@V2O5/VS2; Ternary heterojunction; Electrocatalyst; Water splitting7ENERGY-CONVERSION; EFFICIENT; HYDROGEN; LITHIUM; SPINELmWater splitting is regarded as an effective way to produce hydrogen energy to solve the energy crisis all over the world. However, the electrocatalysts suffer from expensive prices, high voltage, and sluggish kinetics. The heterojunction is composed of two semiconductors and can accelerate electron transfer by relying on interface engineering. Herein, we first prepare NiS2@V2O5/VS2 ternary heterojunction electrocatalyst, showing the low OER overpotential of 333 mV and HER overpotential of 216 mV at 10 mA cm(-2), as well as good stability. Meanwhile, the NiS2@V2O5/VS2 heterojunction is assembled to the two-electrode system for overall water splitting, exhibiting a very low voltage value of 1.49 V, which is much superior to that of the benchmark RuO2//Pt/C system. The energy band calculation reveals the mechanism that the NiS2 and VS2 lower the Fermi level of V2O5, thus promoting the electrons transfer in the electrocatalytic reactions. Our work opens up a novel route for heterojunction application in the electrocatalytic field. (C) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.5Guo, Li-Min; Cai, Jian-Wen; Xie, Zhong-You; Li, ChengJMechanical Responses of Symmetric Straight and Curved Composite Microbeams/JOURNAL OF VIBRATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGIESYMicrobeam; Carbon nanotube reinforcement; Nonlocal elasticity; Forced vibration; BucklingtFREE-VIBRATION ANALYSIS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; INPLANE STABILITY; DYNAMICS; GRAPHENE; BEHAVIOR; MODELS; ARCHES; PLATESPurposeThe mechanical behaviors of general microbeams are presented, including the lateral forced vibration of a symmetric straight microbeam subjected to transverse excitation and the buckling and postbuckling of a symmetric curved composite microbeam subjected to axial and thermal loads.MethodsTo achieve this, the nonlocal elasticity theory is taken into account and the small scale parameter is involved to modeling the symmetric straight microbeam. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing microbeam lateral motion is derived due to the axial elongation, and a set of linear ordinary differential equations are derived by the method of multiple scales. The lateral displacement is determined and the amplitude-frequency relation is presented and discussed. Subsequently, the in-plane instability of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite curved microbeams in thermal environment is examined.ResultsIt is showed that an increase in carbon nanotube volume fraction improves the critical buckling load of the composite microbeams. The temperature-induced tensile loading and displacement also have remarkable effects. Furthermore, geometrical parameters can be used to determine the buckling mode of the composite microbeam due to its significant effect on critical buckling loads.ConclusionsThe solutions of critical geometrical parameters are determined and they are affected by the temperature change, carbon nanotube distribution and volume fraction, respectively.=Closed form line-segment extraction using the Hough transformPATTERN RECOGNITIONbLine-segment extraction; Hough transform; Li< ne-segment parameters; Curve fitting; Pattern analysisIRADON-TRANSFORM; ACCURATE; EFFICIENT; CONNECTIVITY; IMAGES; LENGTH; WIDTHThis paper proposes a novel closed-form solution to complete line-segment extraction. Given a voting angle in image space, the voting distribution is analyzed and two functional relationships are deduced. Regarding the corresponding column in Hough space, voting along the distance axis is considered as being a random variable, and voting values in cells are considered as forming a probability distribution. Statistical characteristics of this distribution are used to fit a quadratic polynomial curve and a linear curve. Direction, length, and width of a line segment are simultaneously computed in a closed form based on coefficients of fitted quadratic polynomial curves. The midpoint of a line segment is determined based on the fitted linear curve. The method is tested on simulated and real-world images; results show that the proposed closed-form solution is feasible in the presence of quantization errors or image noise. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Xu, Jing-shu; Yang, Xiao-li^Seismic stability of 3D soil slope reinforced by geosynthetic with nonlinear failure criterion(SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERINGGGeosynthetic; Seismic stability estimation; Nonlinearity; 3D soil slope83-DIMENSIONAL STABILITY; STRENGTH; WALLS; DESIGN; CHARTSThis work conducts a seismic stability of a three-dimensional (3D) geosynthetic-reinforced slope in soils following the linear and nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Three categories of reinforcement distribution patterns and four kinds of clays are considered. Within the framework of limit analysis and the generalized tangent technique, expressions of required reinforcement strength and the stability factor under different distribution patterns are derived from the energy balance equations. Comparisons are conducted to verify the validity of new expressions. Parametric analysis is conducted to explore the impacts of seismic force, soil strength nonlinearity, 3D character of slope and reinforcement strength on slope stability. It is found from the results that the downwardly-strong triangular (DTD) distribution pattern is the most effective choice for slope reinforcement, while the upwardly-strong triangular (UTD) pattern is the worst. One should intensify the density of reinforcement layers at the bottom of the slope to achieve a better slope stability condition. Besides, soil strength nonlinearity and seismic forces both have non-negligible negative effects on slope stability.GXu, Zhe; Yang, Haichuan; Li, Jiayi; Zhang, Xingyi; Lu, Bo; Gao, ShangcedComparative Study on Single and Multiple Chaotic Maps Incorporated Grey Wolf Optimization AlgorithmsHeuristic algorithms; Optimization; Sociology; Licenses; Convergence; Memetics; Chaos; Computational intelligence; soft computing; chaotic local search; optimization algorithms; grey wolf optimizer; meta-heuristicsPARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION; GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH ALGORITHM; DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM; BEE COLONY ALGORITHMS; POPULATION INTERACTION; METAHEURISTICS; COMPUTATION; MECHANISMS; SYSTEMsAs a meta-heuristic algorithm that simulates the intelligence of gray wolves, grey wolf optimizer (GWO) has a wide range of applications in practical problems. As a kind of local search, chaotic local search (CLS) has a strong ability to get rid of the local optimum due to its integration of chaotic maps. To enhance GWO, CLS is always incorporated into GWO to increase its population diversity and accelerate algorithm's convergence. However, it is still unclear that how may chaotic maps should be used in CLS and how to embed them into GWO. To address these challenging issues, this paper studies both single and multiple chaotic maps incorporated GWOs. Extensive comparative experiments are conducted based on IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) benchmark test suit. The results show that CLS incorporated GWOs generally perform better than the original GWO, suggesting the effectiveness of such hybridizati< on. Moreover, a remarkable finding of this work is that the piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM) and Gaussian map have the most potential to improve the search performance of GWO. Additionally, CLS incorporated GWOs also perform significantly better than some other state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms. This study not only gives more insights into the mechanism of how CLS makes influence on GWO, but also finds that the most suitable choice of chaotic map for it.7Yang, Yahui; Wei, Xiaoyuan; Yao, Wenqing; Lan, JianpingBroadband electrical impedance matching of sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers for structural health monitoring of the rail in-service SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICALBroadband electrical matching; Sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer; Electromechanical characteristics; Structural health monitoring; Rail in -serviceNETWORKTo achieve high power transmission efficiency and high signal-to-noise ratio of sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (SPUTs) over a wide bandwidth, broadband electrical impedance matching (EIM) is investigated in-depth. Firstly, L type, T type, III type, IV type and V type EIM networks are designed and the corresponding component parameters are determined by the Smith chart with a quality factor Q constraint. Secondly, the above EIM networks are compared by reflection coefficient S11, transducer power gain (TPG) and active power. It is shown that they can effectively improve the TPG, and active power by two times and greatly reduce S11. Then the emitted voltage and received voltage under different excitation frequencies and EIM networks are analyzed. It is shown that the III type network presents optimal performance, which can make the aforementioned voltage values increase by two times over entire frequency range of interest. Finally, the effect of III type and IV type networks on electromechanical characteristics is studied by using the PSpice model of SPUTs. Compared to non-matching, the electro-acoustical gain ratio is improved almost two times, while the electroacoustical power ratio is greatly reduced.rYang, Zhou; Xiang, Meng; Zhu, Yunfeng; Hui, Jia; Jiang, Yong; Dong, Shuang; Yu, Chengbin; Ou, Junfei; Qin, HengfeinSingle-atom platinum or ruthenium on C4N as 2D high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactionVSingle-atom; C4N; One-step hydrothermal; Oxygen reduction reaction; 2D electrocatalystbTOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; DOPED-CARBON; CATALYSTS; NANOSHEETS; METALS; WATERPt/C is a practical electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in metal-air batteries and fuel cells, however, also suffers the drawbacks of high cost and instability, which have propelled people to search for new substitutes, such as single-atom metal electrocatalysts. Herein, C4N was firstly synthesized from 2,3-diyldiamine phenazine via one-step hydrothermal method rather than the traditional way that two monomers react in organic solvent, and then loaded with single-atom metal (Pt or Ru) to form new electrocatalysts. The so-formed M@C4N (M = Pt or Ru) electrocatalysts show more excellent ORR performances with higher half-wave potential and better stability and methanol tolerance as compared with the commercial Pt/C. Specifically, the half-wave potential of 1%Pt@C4N and 0.5%Ru@C4N is 0.861 V and 0.828 V, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that 1%Pt@C4N has stronger adsorption of reactant species and faster kinetics than 0.5%Ru@C4N in ORR pathway.CWang, Hongliang; Qian, Zhongdong; Zhang, Di; Wang, Tao; Wang, ChuanwNumerical Study of the Normal Impinging Water Jet at Different Impinging Height, Based on Wray-Agarwal Turbulence Model<impinging water jet; impinging height; numerical calculation*HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOW; PERFORMANCE; PRESSUREAs a kind of water jet technology with strong impinging force and simple structure, the submerged impinging water jet can produce strong scouring action on subaqueous sediments. In order to investigate the flow field characteristics and impinging pressure of submerged impinging water < jets at different impinging heights, the Wray-Agarwal (W-A) turbulence model is used for calculation. The velocity distribution and flow field structure at different impinging heights (1 <= H/D <= 8), and the impinging pressure distribution at the impingement plate under different Reynolds numbers (11, 700 <= Re <= 35100) are studied. The results show that with the increase of the impinging height, the diffusion degree increases and the velocity decreases gradually when the jet reaches the impingement region. The fluid accelerates first and then decelerates near the stagnation point. The maximum impinging pressure and the impinging pressure coefficient decrease with the increase of the impinging height, but the effective impinging pressure range remains unchanged. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of the impinging pressure in the region of the impingement plate at different heights are clarified, which provides theoretical support for the prediction method of the impinging pressure.JChen, Anbang; Cai, Kun; Zhao, Zi-Long; Zhou, Yiyi; Xia, Liang; Xie, Yi MinGControlling the maximum first principal stress in topology optimization-STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATIONGTopology optimization; Stress constraints; BESO; First principal stress&CONTINUUM STRUCTURES; DESIGN; STRENGTHPrevious studies on topology optimization subject to stress constraints usually considered von Mises or Drucker-Prager criterion. In some engineering applications, e.g., the design of concrete structures, the maximum first principal stress (FPS) must be controlled in order to prevent concrete from cracking under tensile stress. This paper presents an effective approach to dealing with this issue. The approach is integrated with the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) technique. Thep-norm function is adopted to relax the local stress constraint into a global one. Numerical examples of compliance minimization problems are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the optimized design obtained by the method has slightly higher compliance but significantly lower stress level than the solution without considering the FPS constraint. The present methodology will be useful for designing concrete structures.2Jin, Huijie; Sui, Suihan; Zhu, Chengxiu; Li, ChengoAxial Free Vibration of Rotating FG Piezoelectric Nano-rods Accounting for Nonlocal and Strain Gradient EffectspRotating nano-rod; Piezoelectric material; Functionally graded; Nonlocal strain gradient theory; Axial vibrationFUNCTIONALLY GRADED BEAMSvPurpose To reveal the dynamic behaviors and electromechanical coupling characteristics of rotating nonuniform nanocomponents in nanoelectromechanical system, we investigate the axial-free vibration of a rotating functionally graded (FG) piezoelectric nano-rod with continuous variations in material physical properties along the thickness direction. Methods Based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory, the governing equations of motion and boundary conditions of freely vibrating FG piezoelectric nano-rods with rotation are derived via Hamilton principle, where the material inhomogeneity of rod nanostructures, and the nonlocal and strain gradient effects at a nanoscale are considered. The partial differential equations are discretized into a set of algebraic equations by the differential quadrature method (DQM), and then natural frequencies of axial vibration are determined by solving eigenvalue equations. Results and Conclusion Some numerical examples are carried out according to the size and parameters of existing myosin molecular motors. Effects of the material gradient index, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient characteristic parameter, rotational speed and external electrostatic voltage on the vibration behaviors are demonstrated and analyzed. A mutual restriction between the nonlocal parameter and strain gradient characteristic parameter is implied. The positive voltage and negative voltage are equivalent to axial tension and axial compression, respectively. The present research<  and corresponding numerical results are expected to be used as reference for the design and optimization of emerging micro/nano-rotating machinery.LWang, Xinyue; Wang, Guifeng; Chen, Zhenyu; Lim, C. W.; Li, Shuang; Li, ChengRControllable flexural wave in laminated metabeam with embedded multiple resonatorsJOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATIONFActive control; Bandgap; Laminated beam; Metamaterial; Multi-resonatoriMOUNTED PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR; UTILIZING IMPACT FORCE; VIBRATION SUPPRESSION; METAMATERIAL; BEAM; DESIGNAcoustic metamaterials and bandgap engineering have been research areas that have drawn intensive and extensive research attention in recent years. The exploration of low-frequency bandgaps as well as the corresponding bandgap modulation has been a subject of much concern by numerous research scholars and engineers. In this paper, a new laminated beam metastructure which uses piezoelectric springs to connect local resonators to the laminated beam is proposed. Considering the intrinsic relationship of materials and loads due to resonator system, the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is employed to derive the governing equation of the system, and the band structure is solved by the spectral element method. Subsequently, we solve and analyze the effects of external excitation sources including electric and magnetic fields on the bandgap, and also investigate the influence resonator number and mass. Finally, the modulation effect of piezoelectric spring stiffness on the bandgap is analyzed. The result of this paper provides a sound theoretical guide for the application and control of multi-frequency domain bandgaps. It also serves new ideas for vibration isolation and suppression of metabeam structures in real-life engineering applications.pLi, Li; Ling, Lei; Xie, Yajun; Zhou, Wencai; Wang, Tianbo; Zhang, Lanchun; Bei, Shaoyi; Zheng, Keqing; Xu, QiangComparative study of thermal management systems with different cooling structures for cylindrical battery modules: Side-cooling vs. terminal-coolingeBattery thermal management system; Lithium ion battery; Side -cooling; Terminal -cooling; CylindricalCONFIGURATIONSIndirect-cooling through cooling plate is a common way in the design of liquid-based battery thermal management system (BTMS), which can be divided into side-cooling and terminal-cooling according to the position arrangement of the cooling plates. In this work, comparative investigations are performed to analyze the specific merits and demerits between these two cooling structures and further understandings are provided for the heat dissipation mechanisms of BTMSs for the cylindrical battery modules. It is found that the side-cooling BTMS exhibits a better ability in the temperature rise control with a maximum temperature (Tmax) of 30.84 degrees C at the end of 1 C discharge compared with the terminal-cooling one where corresponding Tmax rises to 35.48 degrees C. But meanwhile, it encounters an inherent drawback on the temperature uniformity with a maximum temperature difference (Delta Tmax) of 5.76 degrees C after 1 h discharging due to the low radial thermal conductivity of the batteries, which forms a significant thermal gradient along its thermal transport paths. In contrast, corresponding Delta Tmax in the terminal-cooling case is only 2.86 degrees C. Effects of coolant velocity and channel number on the heat dissipation performances of the side-cooling and terminal-cooling BTMSs are examined and further, different strategies are proposed and tested for these two cooling structures respectively to ameliorate their heat dissipation performances based on their different characteristics in the heat transport paths and thermal field distributions. The results could provide useful guidance for the future design of BTMS for the cylindrical battery modules.6Wang, Yong; Meng, Haodong; Zhang, Buyun; Wang, RuochenAnalytical research on the dynamic performance of semi-active inerter-based vibration isolator with acceleration-velocity-based control strategy&STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORINGpacceleration-velocity-based contro< l strategy; averaging method; dynamic performance; inerter; vibration isolator6VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM; MECHANICAL NETWORKS; DESIGNA semi-active inerter-based vibration isolator with semi-active inerter is presented in this paper; the inertance of the semi-active inerter is hierarchically adjusted between two values: the maximum inertance and minimum inertance. On the basis of the mechanical property of the semi-active inerter, two acceleration-velocity-based control strategies are proposed, which are the relative-acceleration-relative-velocity (RARV) control strategy and the relative-acceleration-absolute-velocity (RAAV) control strategy. The dynamic responses of the semi-active inerter-based vibration isolator with the two control strategies are obtained using the averaging method and further checked by the numerical results. Four performance indices are defined to evaluate the isolation performance of the semi-active inerter-based vibration isolator: maximum dynamic displacement, maximum transmissibility, isolation frequency band, and transmissibility in the higher isolation frequency band. The solving process to determine the four performance indices is investigated in detail in the paper. The results show that for the semi-active inerter-based vibration isolator, the maximum dynamic displacement and transmissibility are smaller than the passive one; the latter two performance indices fall in between the value when the maximum inertance and minimum inertance are achieved for the passive one. In addition, the isolation performance of the semi-active inerter-based vibration isolator with the two control strategies are compared based on the four performance indices.e2336BWang, Xiangzhi; Yi, Shuang; Guo, Hun; Li, Chaojiang; Ding, SonglinpErosion characteristics of electrical discharge machining using graphene powder in deionized water as dielectric:INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY+EDM; Powder mixed; Graphene; Titanium alloy7TITANIUM-ALLOY; EDM; MECHANISM; TI6AL4V; SURFACE; FLUIDThis paper presented a new electrical discharge machining (EDM) method using powder mixed effects formed by the graphene-water dielectric to improve the machining performance in processing titanium alloy. Theoretical and simulation models were developed to analyze the effects of graphene bubbles on discharge breakdown characteristics and the plasma channel. To validate the theoretical model, single-pulse experiments were conducted by analyzing the shape and dimension of single-discharge craters. Comparative and exploratory experiments were carried out to investigate the erosion characteristics of the new machining approach. Experimental results show that graphene bubbles could affect the erosion characteristics and improve the machinability of titanium alloy. The material removal rate was increased by 28% and surface roughness was reduced by 55%, whereas relative electrode wear was reduced by 43% compared to traditional EDM processes.1-22Xu, Zhe; Gao, Shangce; Yang, Haichuan; Lei, ZhenyuESCJADE: Yet Another State-of-the-Art Differential Evolution Algorithm:IEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERINGZcomputational intelligence; soft computing; evolutionary algorithm; differential evolutionDifferential evolution algorithms have become one of the most competitive evolutionary algorithms, among which a chaotic differential evolution (CJADE) is a recently proposed state-of-the-art variant. But CJADE still suffers from the premature convergence problem. This paper further improves CJADE by innovatively incorporating a success-intensity-based roulette wheel selection method into it. The resultant algorithm called SCJADE shows its superiority over its peer in terms of solution quality and convergence speed on IEEE CEC2017 optimization test suit. (c) 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.*Wang, H. L.; Hu, Q. X.; Yang, Y.; Wang, C.SPERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES OF ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMP UNDER VARIABLE SPEED SCHEMES-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SIMULATION MODELLINGcElectrical < Submersible Pump; Variable Speed Regulation; Transient Calculation; Numerical SimulationEFFICIENCY; TURBINE; DESIGNzFrequent shifts of electrical submersible pump (ESP) often lead to system vibration and noise, thereby reducing its operational stability. Three different speed change schemes were investigated to improve the stability of its variable speed process. The operational stability of ESP under different variable speed schemes was analysed. The transient numerical calculations of different variable speed schemes were conducted on ANSYS CFX to obtain the head fluctuation law. The stability of ESP with different head fluctuation laws was analysed, and the accuracy of numerical calculation was verified through tests. Result show that a high similarity is found between the head change curves and speed change curves with all methods. The head stability in uniform acceleration variable speed process and quadratic acceleration process with negative quadratic coefficient is high. The extreme value of head variation rate with the two variable speed processes is small, which is convenient for the stability of the variable speed operation of ESP. The research results serve as guide for improving the stability of the variable speed process of ESP.AHua, Linxin; Lu, Ye; Deng, Jianghua; Shi, Zhoufeng; Shen, Daihengg3D reconstruction of concrete defects using optical laser triangulation and modified spacetime analysisAUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTIONb3D reconstruction; Concrete defect; Optical laser triangulation; Spacetime analysis; Imaging error\NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; DAMAGE DETECTION; PARAMETERS; ADHESION; SYSTEMzAutomated investigation of concrete defects has attracted attention with well-developed computer vision techniques. However, most studies in defect reconstruction mainly focus on identifying and measuring defects on a two-dimensional surface. Few progresses have been made to explore the 3D reconstruction of concrete defects. This study describes an affordable optical laser triangulation system fusing a linear laser ray generator and a sports camera to reconstruct the concrete defects. The proposed system adopts a modified spacetime analysis approach to solve two critical imaging errors in typical laser triangulation approaches. By comparing the outputs of the proposed system and two typical laser triangulation approaches, the results show that the proposed system can eliminate the imaging errors and generate 3D reconstruction models of concrete defects with acceptable accuracy./Shamsolmoali, Pourya; Li, Xiaofang; Wang, Ruili[Single image resolution enhancement by efficient dilated densely connected residual network%SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATIONHImage super-resolution; Dilated convolution; Dense network; OptimizationSUPERRESOLUTION; REGRESSIONConvolution Neural Networks have been widely applied in single image super-resolution (SR). Recent works have shown the superior performance of deep networks for SR tasks. With just an increase in the model's depth, more features and parameters (which lead to high computational cost) can be practically extracted. In this paper, we leverage the ground-truth high-resolution (HR) image as a useful guide for learning and present an effective model based on progressive dilated densely connected and a novel activation function, which is appropriate for image SR problems. Different to the common per-pixel activation functions, like Sigmoids and ReLUs, the proposed activation unit has a nonlinear learnable function with some short connections. These strategies help the network to obtain deep and complex features, consequently, the network demanding a much smaller number of layers to have similar performance for image SR, which supports the exponential growth of the receptive field, parallel by increasing the filter size. The dense connectivity facilitates feature extraction in the network and residual connections facilitate feature re-use that both are required to improve the performance of the network. Based on the experimental results, the proposed model accelerates < 2 times faster than the current deep network approaches; the proposed network also achieves higher SR performance as compared to state-of-the-art results..Chen, Zhiwen; Chen, Zhongsheng; Wei, YongxianghQuasi-Zero Stiffness-Based Synchronous Vibration Isolation and Energy Harvesting: A Comprehensive ReviewSnonlinearity; QZS; vibration isolation; energy harvesting; low-frequency vibrationsEULER BUCKLED BEAM; NEGATIVE STIFFNESS; SHOCK ABSORBER; DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; SUSPENSION; DESIGN; TRANSMISSIBILITY; INTERFACEIn recent years, the advantages of nonlinearity in vibration isolation and energy harvesting have become increasingly apparent. The quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) of the nonlinear term provided by the negative stiffness element can achieve vibration isolation under low-frequency environments while improving the efficiency of energy harvesting. The QZS provides a new research idea for simultaneous vibration isolation and energy harvesting. The main purpose of this paper is to review past research results, summarize possible problems, and discuss trends. After briefly analyzing the basic principle of QZS vibration isolation, the progress of QZS in vibration isolation and energy harvesting in recent years is reviewed. At the same time, main challenges of QZS in realizing synchronous vibration isolation and energy harvesting are also discussed. Finally, according to the existing QZS challenges, the future development trend of QZS is proposed. This paper would provide a quick guide for future newcomers to this field.|Jiang, Houliang; Qin, Hanli; Zhou, Pin; Kong, Lirong; Wang, Chuandi; Ji, Zhenyuan; Shen, Xiaoping; Zhu, Guoxing; Yuan, AihuaqPartial sulfidation strategy to NiCo-LDH@NiCoS coupled with NiFe-LDH for highly efficient overall water splitting}Layered double hydroxide; Metal sulfide; Hierarchical heterostructure; Bifunctional electrocatalysts; Overall water splittingLAYERED-DOUBLE-HYDROXIDE; ELECTROCATALYTIC OXYGEN EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; NANOTUBE ARRAYS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSHEETS; CATALYSTS; GRAPHENE; SHEETSThe development of cost-effective and highly efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media plays a crucial role in advancing renewable energy conversion technologies. In this study, we successfully constructed a three-dimensional (3D) composite on nickel foam (NF) by coupling NiFe-LDH nanosheets with NiCoS nanoparticles decorated NiCo-LDH nanosheets, resulting in a NiCo-LDH@NiCoS@NiFe-LDH hierarchical heterostructure. The resulting composite exhibits abundant heterogeneous interfaces and a well-defined nanosheet array structure, allowing for numerous exposed surface active sites and open channels. The strong synergistic effect among its various components allows the heterogeneous structure to effectively optimize the electronic structures of the metal active sites. Consequently, the NiCo-LDH@NiCoS@NiFe-LDH composite demonstrated remarkable catalytic activity towards OER, achieving current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm-2 at overpotentials as low as 209 and 224 mV, respectively. This result manifests a substantial improvement over recently developed electrocatalysts based on earthabundant elements. Additionally, the NiCo-LDH@NiCoS@NiFe-LDH composite can efficiently catalyze HER in an alkaline medium, with a low overpotential of 93 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH solution. Moreover, the electrolytic cell utilizing NiCo-LDH@NiCoS@NiFe-LDH as the electrodes could realize overall water splitting with an ultralow cell voltage of 1.55 V at 10 mA cm-2, and excellent electrochemical stability. These findings underscore the potential for developing high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts with significant implications for large-scale commercial applications of renewable energy technologies.3Sui, Suihan; Zhu, Chengxiu; Li, Cheng; Lei, Zuxiang]Free Vibration of Axially Traveling Moderately Thick FG Plates Resting on Elastic FoundationsGFree vibration; FG material; Moderately thick plate; Elastic foundationFFINITE-ELEMEN< T-ANALYSIS; NONLINEAR VIBRATION; MOVING BEAM; INSTABILITYPurpose This work attempts to present vibration characteristics of axially traveling moderately thick plates resting on an elastic foundation. The plate is composed of functionally graded (FG) materials, and both its dynamic and kinematic conditions are considered in which the vibration natural frequency and axial velocity involved are taken into account. Methods Based on the Mindlin plate theory and the virtual work principle, the free vibration analysis of an axially traveling moderately thick FG plate is carried out using the finite element method (FEM). Results and Conclusion The validity and accuracy of the present method and related numerical results are verified against the ANSYS software. Some parametric studies on the vibration characteristics of axially traveling moderately thick FG plates are presented in detail, including the effects of axial velocity, gradient index, boundary condition, foundational coefficient and so on. It is confirmed that the gradient index is closely related to material properties, while the axial velocity affects vibration natural frequencies through centrifugal force and Coriolis force. Coefficients of Winkler foundation and Pasternak foundation increase the flexural rigidity of axially traveling moderately thick FG plates, while the viscous coefficient of three-parameter foundation is on the contrary. Also, the boundary conditions influence the vibration behaviors significantly.;Liu, Jun; Liu, Juan; Zhong, Jingping; Shen, Jili; Ren, SilitPreparation of Graphene Oxide/Attapulgite Composites and Their Demulsification Performance for Oil-in-Water EmulsionHIn this study, attapulgite (AT) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were grafted together via a silane coupling agent to synthesize attapulgite-graphene oxide (AT-GO) composites and apply them to remove the emulsified oil from the oily wastewater. The structure and morphology of the AT-GO composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The amphiphilicity of the AT-GO composites was evaluated by visual observation of their distribution in the oil-water mixture. The results showed that the AT-GO composites have been successively prepared and have good amphiphilic and interfacial activity. The effects of the pH, demulsifier dosage, temperature, and the mass ratio of AT and GO (R-A/G) in the composites on the demulsification performance of AT-GO were studied. It was found that the demulsification process could be completed efficiently and quickly at room temperature. Under optimal demulsification conditions, the demulsification efficiency is above 95%. The demulsification mechanism was studied and discussed. It is believed that the interaction behavior between the AT-GO material and the emulsified molecules of asphaltenes is a key for the demulsification. Once the nanoparticles are combined with the emulsified molecules, the external stirring, vibration, and other mechanical actions provide them enough kinetic energy to destroy the protective film at the oil/water interface and then promote the merging of dispersed oil droplets to realize the oil-water separation.)Dai, Ming; Huang, Cheng; Schiavone, PeterModified closed-form solutions for three-dimensional elastic deformations of a composite structure containing macro-scale spherical gas/liquid inclusionsRGas inclusion; Liquid inclusion; Initial pressure; Soft matter; Mori-Tanaka methodSURFACE; FIELD\We re-examine the three-dimensional linearly elastic deformations of a composite struc-ture consisting of an infinite isotropic elastic matrix into which is embedded a macro-sized spherical compressible gas/liquid inclusion. Our main focus lies on the contribution result-ing from changes in the initial pressure inside the inclusion during deformation. In this respect, we include not only the effect of the change in pressure induced by the change in volume of the inclusion during deformation but also by the variation of the < direction of the pressure with the direction of the normal to the deforming inclusion-matrix interface; this latter contribution has been largely neglected in the majority of studies in this area. In doing so, we incorporate a more complete description of the influence of the initial pres -sure inside the inclusion on the elastic response of the composite structure when certain external loadings are applied to the matrix. In particular, we obtain an analytical represen-tation for the full displacement field in the matrix in the case of a uniform far-field uni-axial loading and, using effective medium theories, we also derive explicit expressions for the effective properties of the composite structure and illustrate the influence of changes in the initial pressure using numerical examples. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.0Xu, Ziyi; Xu, Yongming; Gai, Yaohui; Liu, WenhuiThermal Management of Drive Motor for Transportation: Analysis Methods, Key Factors in Thermal Analysis, and Cooling Methods-A Review3IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATIONConvective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC); cooling method; drive motor for transportation; thermal analysis method; thermal management; winding equivalentHEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; PHASE-CHANGE-MATERIAL; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; PERMANENT-MAGNET MACHINES; COOLED ELECTRICAL MACHINE; CONDUCTIVITY EVALUATION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR; INDUCTION-MOTOR; TRACTION MOTORIn recent years, the rapid development of the transportation industry has led more and more scholars to devote themselves to the research of its drive motor. Among all relevant aspects of research, thermal management is absolutely the one that has been neglected in the past but is now getting more and more attention. This article presents a comprehensive and detailed summary of motor thermal management for transportation, including thermal analysis methods, key factors in thermal analysis, and various cooling methods. First, the three mainstream thermal analysis methods are introduced, and the improvement of each method in recent years is summarized. The feasibility and advantages of multimethod united simulation are discussed, and some novel thermal analysis methods are also listed. Then, key factors in the thermal analysis are analyzed in depth, and the determination methods are given. In the fourth section, the research related to motor cooling methods in recent years is reviewed, including the improvement of traditional methods and novel methods. Finally, suggestions for the future development of thermal management are given. The key is not only to reveal novel analysis methods, tools, methodologies, cooling structures, strategies, pros and cons, and foresight for the advanced drive motor but also to provide guidelines for predicting the temperature distribution and selecting the appropriate cooling methods in the motor design process.:Li, Xiaofang; Lv, Furu; Xiang, Feng; Sun, Zhe; Sun, ZhixinbResearch on Key Technologies of Logistics Information Traceability Model Based on Consortium ChainLogistics; Protocols; Radiofrequency identification; Contracts; Fault tolerance; Consortium chain; logistics information; traceability model; MCPBFT consensus algorithm; information matching mechanismIn order to trace the logistics information and make use of the characteristics of the Consortium Blockchain, a logistics information traceability model based on the Consortium chain is proposed. The research focuses on two key technologies in the model, namely Multi-center Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (MCPBFT) consensus algorithm and Information Matching mechanism. In MCPBFT algorithm, many nodes involved in logistics information are divided into multiple consensus sets, and the consistency protocol is improved into two phases based on PBFT algorithm. In the information matching mechanism, the authenticity of the recorded on-chain information is ensured by matching the updated logistics information with the information stored on the chain in advance. By analyzing the two key technologies, the fea< sibility and superiority of these two technologies are explained. Among them, MCPBFT algorithm can effectively improve the efficiency of consensus and ensure that the logistics information can be updated in time; the information matching mechanism can be safely applied to the traceability model and improve the practicability of the traceability model.WYang, Yang; Zhou, Ling; Bai, Ling; Xu, Hong; Lv, Wanning; Shi, Weidong; Wang, HongliangiNumerical Investigation of Tip Clearance Effects on the Performance and Flow Pattern Within a Sewage Pump6JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME>sewage pump; tip clearance; numerical simulation; flow patternDESIGN Sewage pumps are one of the most popular types of fluid machinery in municipal, industrial, and environmental engineering and many other fields. The influence of tip clearance size on the pump performance and internal flow field distribution within a sewage pump was investigated in this study based on numerical calculation and test verification. Three models with different tip clearances were obtained by adjusting the assembly structure and simulated by the computational fluid dynamics software to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional steady flow. The accuracy of numerical methods was verified by comparison with the experimental results. The sewage pump performance under different tip clearances was then compared and analyzed. The structure and propagation of the vortices inside the impeller caused by the leakage flow with different tip gaps were also analyzed. The leakage flow in the impeller couples with the cover reflection and secondary flows, forming different vortex structures in various locations of the impeller channel. These vortex structures cause large hydraulic losses near the blade suction surfaces. This finding could provide useful insights for the improvement of the hydraulic performance and operational stability of semi-open sewage pumps.NWang Feng; Zhao Jianshe; Zhang Xiangli; Yang Zhenwen; Gan Weimin; Tian ZongjunGElectrochemical machining of a narrow slit by cathodic compound feedingFElectrochemical machining; Compound feeding; Narrow slit; Localization0SIDEWALL INSULATION; ENHANCEMENT; VIBRATION; ECMNarrow slits are widely used in aerospace, instrument and meter, and heat-transfer equipment. Electrochemical machining (ECM) has the advantage of being free of tool wear, heat-affected zone, and machining deformation, and is suitable for high-precision machining of narrow slits. However, conventional cathodic continuous linear feeding causes serious stray removal at the narrow slit side wall and results in poor forming precision. This paper presents a new compound feeding method with vibration superimposed on a continuous linear feeding method and investigates the electrochemical machining of a narrow slit using this method. Its influence on narrow slit formation based on the numerical analysis of an electric field is studied as well. The results indicate that compound feeding is superior to linear feeding in terms of less stray removal and a smaller slit width. Comparative experiments of the compound and linear feeding with voltage pulses are also conducted based on a self-developed ECM system, with vibration frequencies from 0 to 50 Hz and vibration amplitudes from 0 to 2 mm. The results demonstrate that not only the average slit width and side-wall slope are smaller, but also the localization of the narrow slit electrochemical machining can be significantly enhanced by compound feeding.1-43Wang, H. L.; Long, B.; Yang, Y.; Xiao, Y.; Wang, C.ZMODELLING THE INFLUENCE OF INLET ANGLE CHANGE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUBMERSIBLE WELL PUMPSJSubmersible Well Pumps; Inlet Angle; Hydraulic Design; Internal Flow Field"CENTRIFUGAL PUMP; IMPELLER; DESIGNxThree groups of schemes were designed for different blade inlet angles of impellers to improve the efficiency and single-stage head of submersible well pumps. Furthermore, the hydraulic performance of the pumps was analysed using ANSYS CFX. As a result, the heads and efficiencies of the schemes w< ere acquired. The internal flow fields of the schemes under different flow quantities were analysed, and the accuracy of the optimal scheme was experimentally verified. Results indicated that enlarging the inlet angle of the blade of submersible well pumps might improve the hydraulic performance to a certain degree. In comparison with the general design scheme with a fixed inlet angle that with an inlet angle was 26 degrees at the front cover plate and 20 degrees at the rear cover plate, and that in the middle was under uniform change. The incoming flow angle of the medium coincided with the inlet angle; thus, the discharge capacity of the pump had a high matching ratio with the actual discharge capacity. The head and efficiency improved remarkably relative to the initial model, and thus, the hydraulic performance of the pump improved.dZhou, Shu; Wang, Dazhong; Wu, Shujing; Gu, Guquan; Dong, Guojun; An, Qinglong; Guo, Hun; Li, ChanghePMinimum quantity lubrication machining nickel base alloy: a comprehensive reviewNickel base alloy; Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL); Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL); Vegetable oil; Solid lubricant; Electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (EMQL); Surface quality; Tool wearREINFORCED CERAMIC TOOLS; NI-BASED ALLOY; OF-THE-ART; INCONEL 718; VEGETABLE-OIL; IONIC LIQUID; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SOLID LUBRICANTS; CUTTING FLUID; MULTIRESPONSE OPTIMIZATIONNickel-based alloys have great application value in aerospace, biomedical industry, chemical industry, and other fields. However, nickel-based alloys are known to be difficult to process, which will generate a lot of heat and friction during processing, which limits the application range of nickel-based alloys. Therefore, a large amount of cutting fluid needs to be used during processing, and the cutting fluid will cause harm to human health and the environment. In order to solve these problems, scholars proposed to use the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) to replace the conventional flood cooling lubrication technique. Recently, many papers have proposed to use MQL for lubrication /cooling in the processing of nickel-based alloys. However, few studies have approached this topic comprehensively. To bridge this gap, this study conducts a comprehensive literature review of the progress made in the processing of nickel-based alloys using various MQL methods. It should be noted that these studies are divided into four categories: vegetable oil-based MQL, cryogenic cooling-based MQL, solid lubricant-based MQL, and electrostatic atomization-based MQL. It is crucial to compare the advantages of these cooling and lubricating technologies in machining nickel-based alloys, analyze their experimental results, and assess their impact on machining quality and tool wear. This review reveals that compared to traditional MQL, vegetable oil-based MQL is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly, resulting in approximately 30% improvement in surface quality and a 50% reduction in tool wear. The addition of solid lubricants to vegetable oil further enhances its lubrication performance. Cryogenic cooling-based MQL enables the attainment of finer grains and smaller sawtooth chips. Electrostatic atomization MQL, by altering the atomization process of traditional MQL, produces more uniform droplets, leading to a 42.4% reduction in tool wear and a 47% improvement in machined surface quality. The purpose of this paper is to help researchers identify existing gaps and to enable MQL to improve the processing quality and application range of nickel-based alloys. Finally, the present technical challenges and future research directions are put forward.5-6.Song, Yang; Davy, Catherine A.; Troadec, DavidgGas Breakthrough Pressure (GBP) through Claystones: Correlation with FIB/SEM Imaging of the Pore Volume?OIL & GAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-REVUE D IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLESyCLAY MONT TERRI; OPALINUS CLAY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BIB-SEM; MICROSTRUCTURES; PERMEABILITY; FACIES; DAMAGE; ROCKS; SIZEThis contribution uses six claystone samples imaged by FIB/SEM (Focused Ion B< eam/ Scanning Electron Microscopy), within micrometric volumes located in the clay matrix; their 3D connected pore network is identified down to 17-22 nm pore size. All samples are gently dried to minimize damage, and several are impregnated with Poly(Methyl MethAcrylate) (PMMA) resin to avoid further damage during FIB/SEM observations. Three pore volumes out of six are connected between two parallel end surfaces through crack-like pores; two are not connected between any two parallel end surfaces; only one sample has a connected pore network distinct from cracks. By assuming varied pathways for gas to migrate by capillarity through the connected pore volumes (either by taking the shortest path, or through the largest path, or through the most frequent pore size, or by simulating the ingress of a non wetting fluid), we determine the Gas Breakthrough Pressure (GBP) through the initially fully liquid saturated claystone, from these micrometric volumes. The scale change (from the micrometric to the macroscopic scale) is assumed possible without changing the GBP value, and clay/water interactions are not accounted for By comparison with GBP values measured in the laboratory on centimetric-sized claystone samples, it is concluded that breakthrough occurs most probably by capillary digitation; micro-cracks are the most probable pathways for gas, so that gas does not progress in a homogeneous manner through the claystone, as standard macroscopic finite element models would represent it. For intact claystone, predictions based on the capillary ingress of a non wetting fluid provide a GBP value ranging between 7-14 MPa.]Zhao, Jianshe; Lv, Yanming; Wang, Feng; Yang, Zhenwen; Liu, Dingming; Fan, Yantao; He, YafengExperimental research on process stability in pulsed electrochemical machining of deep narrow grooves with high length-width ratioiElectrochemical machining; Deep narrow groove; Vibrating feeding; Machining efficiency; Process stabilitySLIT; PARAMETERS; ALLOYyWith respect to deep narrow groove structures with high length-width ratio and high depth-width ratio (particularly when the ratio is greater than 10), the cathode rigidity and flow-field stability deteriorate during the electrochemical machining (ECM) process. To improve the machining efficiency and process stability of deep narrow grooves with high length-width ratio, a hollow slice cathode with stiffeners was designed and optimized to meet the rigid requirements using the method of one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element analysis. Additionally, the effects of cathode stiffener size, stiffener distribution, and cathode vibrating feed mode on the flow field in the machining gap were investigated using the flow-field simulation analysis method. The simulation results indicate that cavitation and electrolyte starvation in the machining gap are avoided with a reasonable stiffener design, and the renewal of electrolyte in the machining gap is improved with a reasonable vibration motion. Contrast experiments were performed based on the simulation results. The experimental results verified that the optimal design of stiffeners and the reasonable cathode vibration improve the stability of the flow field. Moreover, process stability and machining efficiency of ECM of deep narrow grooves with high length-width ratio improve with the adoption of the optimal vibrating feed parameters.5-8YZhang, Chengjia; Lin, Liwei; Zhou, Man; Wang, Yanan; Xu, Song; Chen, Xiaohui; Li, ZhongyuDual functional S-scheme ZnIn2S4/crystalline polymeric carbon nitride (ZIS/CPCN) heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and degradation of levofloxacinDual functional photocatalyst; Polymeric carbon nitride; S-scheme heterojunction; Photocatalytic H-2 evolution; Organic pollutant degradationG-C3N4; CONSTRUCTION; ZNIN2S4Developing dual functional catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation is one of the most ideal methods to address energy and environmental pollution. In the present study, an S-scheme ZnIn2S4/crystalline polymeric carbon nitride (ZIS/CPC< N) heterojunction was synthesized using simple hydrothermal and calcination methods. The CPCN with a highly ordered heptazine-imide structure within the layer imparts a suitable band structure, while the widened interlayer spacing facilitates rapid electron transfer through surface engineering to construct heterojunctions. During the in-situ growth process, ZnIn2S4 uniformly distributes on the high surface area of CPCN as ultra-thin nanosheets. Under visible light irradiation, ZIS/CPCN-2 exhibited the highest hydrogen production activity (3492 mu mol center dot g(-1)center dot h(-1)), which was 4 times and 112 times higher than ZIS and CPCN, respectively. Furthermore, the ZIS/CPCN catalyst demonstrated a certain degradation rate for quinolone antibiotics within 180 min, involving the center dot OH and center dot O-2(-) radicals, and analyzed the degradation pathway of levofloxacin. The most stable configuration was obtained through theoretical calculations, and the density of states and work function of the sample were computed, proposing the S-scheme mechanism. This work contributes to the development of efficient photocatalytic systems with dual functions of hydrogen evolution and degradation.LYang, Zhou; Chen, Hanbing; Xiang, Meng; Yu, Chengbin; Hui, Jia; Dong, Shuang~Coral reef structured cobalt-doped vanadate oxometalate nanoparticle for a high-performance electrocatalyst in water splittingMCo3V2O8; Water splitting; Coral reef structure; Oxometalates; Hydrogen energyEFFICIENT; OXIDATION; NITRIDEFacing the energy crisis in the whole world, it is important to decompose water to obtain high-clean hydrogen energy. However, water splitting by electrocatalysis is suffering from high voltage and poor stability. Herein, we synthesize Co(3)V(2)O(8 )coral reef-like nanoparticles in a facile way, showing a low oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of 318 mV coupled with good stability, which is superior to commercial RuO2. Besides, the Co(3)V(2)O(8 )shows fast kinetics for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and small impedance. Further-more, the Co(3)V(2)O(8 )nanoparticles are assembled in symmetric two-electrode system, which has a very low overall water splitting voltage of 1.50 V at 10 mA cm(-2), this value surpasses the benchmark RuO2//Pt/C assembling and most of the other oxometalate-based electrocatalysts. This work provides a novel and facile way of preparing oxometalates nanomaterial electrocatalyst for hydrogen energy. (C) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.6Wang, Yong; Wang, Ruochen; Meng, Haodong; Zhang, BuyunuAn investigation of the dynamic performance of lateral inerter-based vibration isolator with geometrical nonlinearityARCHIVE OF APPLIED MECHANICS]Vibration isolator; Inerter; Geometrical nonlinearity; Dynamic response; Performance analysis9MECHANICAL NETWORKS; TRANSMISSIBILITY; FREQUENCIES; FORCEInerter, which is defined as a two-terminal mechanical element, has the characteristic that the force generated at its two terminals is proportional to the relative acceleration of the two ends. In this paper, a vibration isolator with lateral inerters is proposed and the effect of this geometrical nonlinear inerter on its dynamic performance is investigated. The force of the inerters in the moving direction of the mass and the acceleration term in the dynamic equation are nonlinear. The dynamic response is obtained using the averaging method and further checked by the numerical results, the stability analysis is also considered. The critical surface of the structural parameters which leads to no jump phenomenon and the jump frequencies when jump phenomenon occurs are determined by the Sylvester resultant method. The isolation performance of the lateral inerter-based vibration isolator is evaluated using four performance indexes: maximum dynamic displacement, maximum transmissibility, isolation frequency band and transmissibility in the higher isolation frequency band, and is compared with the parallel and series-connected inerter-based vibration isolators, as well as<  the linear vibration isolator. The results show that when the force amplitude is small, compared with the linear vibration isolator, the lateral inerter-based vibration isolator proposed in this paper can have a smaller maximum force transmissibility and larger isolation frequency band; the force transmissibility in the higher isolation frequency band is the same, which has the corresponding advantages of the parallel and series-connected inerter-based vibration isolators, respectively.aGu, Guquan; Wu, Shujing; Wang, Dazhong; Zhou, Shu; Zhu, Lida; An, Qinglong; Guo, Hun; Li, ChangheA review of the research on the variation of tool's motion trajectory and its influence on the formation mechanism of surface quality in ultrasonic vibration machiningjUltrasonic vibration; Precision machining technology; Tool's motion trajectory; Surface quality; Tool wearMICRO-TEXTURED SURFACE; WORKPIECE CONTACT RATE; CUTTING FORCE MODEL; TUNGSTEN CARBIDE; CFRP COMPOSITES; CHIP FORMATION; DIRECTION; REMOVAL; WEAR; FEASIBILITYCompared to traditional machining, ultrasonic vibration machining harnesses the power of small yet high -frequency vibrations to generate distinctive relative displacements between the workpiece and the cutting tool. This significantly enhances machining efficiency and quality. One distinctive feature of ultrasonic vibration machining is its unique tool's motion trajectory, setting it apart from conventional methods. In recent years, numerous studies have analyzed the causes and functions of tool's motion trajectories in ultrasonic vibration machining, playing a crucial role in understanding the machining mechanism and enhancing this method. To support researchers in this field, we have compiled and organized relevant literature. This review categorizes ultrasonic vibration machining based on the form of tool's motion trajectory, explores the influence of varying machining parameters on tool's motion trajectory, examines specific machining conditions under intermittent separation cutting characteristics, and analyzes the impact of tool's motion trajectory on surface morphology, chip formation, and tool wear. In conclusion, this review summarizes the research findings and provides future prospects for investigating tool's motion trajectories in ultrasonic vibration machining. As a nascent machining technique, ultrasonic vibration machining still faces challenges in various aspects. Addressing these challenges through the exploration of tool's motion trajectory changes may offer potential solutions. Therefore, in-depth studies on tool's motion trajectory hold significant importance in advancing the development of ultrasonic vibration machining.LZhao Jianshe; Wang Feng; Liu Zhuang; Zhang Xiangli; Gan Weimin; Tian ZongjunUFlow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holesCHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICSJDiamond hole; Electrochemical machining; Flow fields; Stability; Vibrating1CARBON-FIBER; PERFORMANCE; VIBRATION; FABRICATION6The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been growingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining (ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed. In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well. The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole. Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and proces< s stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach. (C) 2016 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd.3Wang, Yong; Wang, Peili; Meng, Haodong; Chen, LiqunDynamic performance and parameter optimization of a half-vehicle system coupled with an inerter-based X-structure nonlinear energy sinkainerter; X-structure; nonlinear energy sink (NES); half-vehicle system; dynamic performance; O327%VIBRATION ISOLATOR; SUSPENSION; MODELInspired by the demand of improving the riding comfort and meeting the lightweight design of the vehicle, an inerter-based X-structure nonlinear energy sink (IX-NES) is proposed and applied in the half-vehicle system to enhance the dynamic performance. The X-structure is used as a mechanism to realize the nonlinear stiffness characteristic of the NES, which can realize the flexibility, adjustability, high efficiency, and easy operation of nonlinear stiffness, and is convenient to apply in the vehicle suspension, and the inerter is applied to replacing the mass of the NES based on the mass amplification characteristic. The dynamic model of the half-vehicle system coupled with the IX-NES is established with the Lagrange theory, and the harmonic balance method (HBM) and the pseudo-arc-length method (PALM) are used to obtain the dynamic response under road harmonic excitation. The corresponding dynamic performance under road harmonic and random excitation is evaluated by six performance indices, and compared with that of the original half-vehicle system to show the benefits of the IX-NES. Furthermore, thestructural parameters of the IX-NES are optimized with the genetic algorithm. The results show that for road harmonic and random excitation, using the IX-NES can greatly reduce the resonance peaks and root mean square (RMS) values of the front and rear suspension deflections and the front and rear dynamic tire loads, while the resonance peaks and RMS values of the vehicle body vertical and pitching accelerations are slightly larger. When the structural parameters of the IX-NES are optimized, the vehicle body vertical and pitching accelerations of the half-vehicle system could reduce by 2.41% and 1.16%, respectively, and the other dynamic performance indices are within the reasonable ranges. Thus, the IX-NES combines the advantages of the inerter, X-structure, and NES, which improves the dynamic performance of the half-vehicle system and provides an effective option for vibration attenuation in the vehicle engineering.PWang, Linning; Qi, Ziqian; Liu, Pengzhan; Hu, Fangren; Li, Jinjia; Wang, Yongjin8Underwater Wireless Video Communication Using Blue LightJOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY*Optical transmitters; Optical receivers; High-speed optical techniques; Light emitting diodes; Stimulated emission; Optical saturation; Optical filters; Full-duplex light communication; multiplex-driven transmitter; optical gain adaptive receiver; real-time; underwater wireless video communication.REAL-TIME; SYSTEM; COMBINATION; RECEIVER; LINK!Interest in wireless blue light communication is increasing because this technology shows promise for realizing high-speed, long-distance and full-duplex underwater communication. Here, we demonstrate an underwater wireless communication system, OceanLink, to establish full-duplex data transmission using blue light. Both the transmitter and receiver are housed together to independently transmit and receive data simultaneously. To obtain a longer transmission distance and better light field distribution, the transmitter is composed of an array of three light-emitting diode (LED) units with the dominant emission peak wavelength centered around 452 nm, each of which merges four LEDs in series. These LEDs are synchronously driven via a main processing unit to pulse blue light using a nonreturn-to-zero on-off keying modulation scheme. At the receiver, light passes through a neutral density (ND) filter and a focus lens to hit the transducer, which converts light si< gnals into electrical signals. The waterproof OceanLink achieves a bidirectional communication rate of 4 Mbps with a wireless transmission distance of 12 m in a swimming pool, wherein the ND factor is 256 and the nephelometric turbidity unit is 1.7. Thus, real-time full-duplex underwater video communication is experimentally demonstrated.%Zhang, Z. L.; Zhu, J. Q.; Yang, X. L.iThree-Dimensional Active Earth Pressures for Unsaturated Backfills with Cracks Considering Steady Seepage%INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICScActive earth pressure; Unsaturated steady seepage; Crack; 3D failure mechanism; Retaining structure8SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS; SHEAR-STRENGTH; LIMIT ANALYSISGTraditional analyses for active earth pressures considered soils dry or saturated by the application of a two-dimensional (2D) failure pattern. However, soils are usually unsaturated in nature, and the collapse of backfills presents a three-dimensional (3D) characteristic. The extant studies proved that the existence of cracks and seepage flow encountered in backfills would impact active earth pressures but are still limited to 2D conditions. To this end, this study developed an analytical framework to evaluate the 3D active earth pressure considering the presence of cracks and steady-infiltration effects within unsaturated backfills. Based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis, a suction-induced effective method is introduced into a 3D failure mechanism to characterize the collapse of unsaturated backfills. By means of the work rate balance equation, the most adverse location of cracks and the explicit expression of active thrust under steady seepage conditions can be obtained through the incorporation of the suction stress profile. The presented method is verified by comparison with the exact cases in previous studies and comparison with the results of numerical simulation. A systematic parametric study is conducted to reveal the impacts of width-to-height ratio, air-entry value, pore-size distribution, vertical discharge, and cracks on the active earth pressure variations. The results show that considering 3D effects is significant because it leads to a lower economic cost for the design of retaining walls; the presence of cracks and the effect of steady infiltration encountered in unsaturated backfills would increase the lateral force of earthen structures. This study presented a more realistic understanding of the service state behavior of retaining walls and a useful strategy for evaluating the 3D active earth pressure.*Deng, Jianghua; Lu, Ye; Lee, Vincent C. S.oA hybrid lightweight encoder-decoder network for automatic bridge crack assessment with real-world interference MEASUREMENTStructural health monitoring; Concrete bridge cracks; Atrous convolutions; Encoder-decoder architecture; Crack measurement; Automated inspectionVWAVELET TRANSFORM; CONCRETE; RECOGNITION; INSPECTION; RETRIEVAL; DEFECTS; WIDTH; VIDEO8Although many learning-based studies have been conducted to detect cracks, there are still many problems in practice, such as slow inference speed due to a large number of hyperparameters required in network archiotectures and compromised detection accuracy in different environments. To address these issues, the current study employed a Hybrid Lightweight Encoder-Decoder Network (HLEDNet) as an ad-hoc crack segmentation and measurement system on real-world images captured from various concrete bridges. The proposed HLEDNet model was trained and tested with 3000 annotated images with further extensive data augmentation, which achieved 86.92%, 85.71%, 86.31, and 86.01% in precision, recall, F1 score, and mean intersection over union (mIoU), respectively. A crack measurement module was proposed using combined postprocessing techniques, where the R-squared values of the regression lines in crack length and average crack width are 0.9857 and 0.9925, respectively. Finally, an experimental study was undertaken to convert the crack measuring unit from pixel to millimetre.4Liu, Runqiao; Wei, Minxiang; Sang, Nan; Wei, JianweinResearch on Curved Path Tra< cking Control for Four-Wheel Steering Vehicle considering Road Adhesion Coefficient$MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING;OPTIMAL PREVIEW CONTROL; COLLISION-AVOIDANCE; STATE; FILTERCurved path tracking control is one of the most important functions of autonomous vehicles. First, small turning radius circular bends considering bend quadrant and travel direction restrictions are planned by polar coordinate equations. Second, an estimator of a vehicle state parameter and road adhesion coefficient based on an extended Kalman filter is designed. To improve the convenience and accuracy of the estimator, the combined slip theory, trigonometric function group fitting, and cubic spline interpolation are used to estimate the longitudinal and lateral forces of the tire model (215/55 R17). Third, to minimize the lateral displacement and yaw angle tracking errors of a four-wheel steering (4WS) vehicle, the front-wheel steering angle of the 4WS vehicle is corrected by a model predictive control (MPC) feed-back controller. Finally, CarSim (R) simulation results show that the 4WS autonomous vehicle based on the MPC feed-back controller can not only significantly improve the curved path tracking performance but also effectively reduce the probability of drifting or rushing out of the runway at high speeds and on low-adhesion roads.JWang Feng; Zhao Jianshe; Lv Yanming; Yang Zhenwen; He Yafeng; Tian Zongjun_Experimental research on improving accuracy of electrochemical machining of deep narrow groovesJDeep narrow groove; Electrochemical machining; Pulse output; Compound feed%ELECTRODE; WIRE; ENHANCEMENT; CATHODE%Deep narrow metal grooves have wide application prospects in the field of aeronautics and astronautics. Electrochemical machining (ECM) has a unique advantage in the fabrication of deep narrow grooves due to its advantages of no cutting heat, no cutting force, and high machining efficiency. But, there is significant stray current corrosion in the side wall of the deep narrow groove, which restricts the enhancement of the processing accuracy. In the interest of improving the processing accuracy of the deep narrow groove, the effects of compound feed and matching of pulse and oscillation (MOPAO) on the average current density distribution of the deep narrow groove side wall were studied based on finite element analysis (FEA) of the electrostatic field. The finite element simulation results show that the homogeneity of the deep narrow groove could be significantly improved with the increment of the oscillation amplitude, and the processing accuracy could be improved by prolonging the pulse turn-off time. Moreover, contrast experiments on the deep narrow groove ECM were carried out based on a self-developed ECM system. The experimental results indicate that the matching of pulse and oscillation can remarkably improve the processing accuracy, and smaller average groove width and better groove width uniformity can be obtained in comparison with the compound feed. Moreover, the maximum groove width is 2.78 mm, the minimum groove width is 2.73 mm, the length-width ratio reaches 11:1, and the depth-width ratio reaches 9:1 using the machining mode of MOPAO.9-12PKong, Quan Cun; Li, Yong; Liu, Guo Dong; Li, Chao Jiang; Tong, Hao; Gan, Wei MinElectrochemical machining for micro holes with high aspect ratio on metal alloys using three-electrode PPS in neutral salt solutionElectrochemical machining (ECM); Gas inhibition and dissolution promotion (GIDP); Three-electrode pulse power supply (PPS); Micro holes; High aspect ratio; Electrolyte; Metal alloys-ECM; ELECTROLYTE; VOLTAGE; PULSES; NANO3; EDMTo get micro holes with high aspect ratio on metal alloys by electrochemical machining (ECM) process, the mutual restricted problems between machining localization and efficiency are researched. By analyzing the thickening process of passive film, the mechanism of gas inhibition and dissolution promotion (GIDP) is explored. Thereby, a three-electrode pulse power supply (PPS) is designed to acidize on the workpiece/solution interface, for both better machining<  localization and efficiency. Micro ECM experiments, using the three-electrode PPS in neutral salt solution as electrolyte, are carried out on 304 stainless steel and 18CrNi8 alloy, in which a micro hollow electrode is used to flush electrolyte under high-pressure supply. It is found that the material removal rate (MRR) is increased by at least 80% and surface roughness R (a) is dropped by 40%, compared to those of two-electrode PPS. Micro array holes with diameter of about 175 mu m are machined through metallic plates with thickness of 0.5 and 1.1 mm respectively. The micro array holes obtained have high consistent precision, good surface quality, and aspect ratio up to 6.5. Experimental results show the feasibility of micro ECM techniques proposed for micro hole with high aspect ratio.QWang, Xiangzhi; Li, Chaojiang; Guo, Hun; Yi, Shuang; Kong, Linglei; Ding, Songlin\Alternating Energy Electrical Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloy Using a WC-PCD ElectrodeElectrical discharge machining; alternating energy; hybrid process; surface modification; combined; electrode; polycrystalline diamond; preferential erosionThis paper presents a novel electrical discharge machining method, alternating energy electrical discharge machining (AE-EDM), for the machining and surface modification of the workpiece. A tungsten carbide-polycrystalline diamond (WC-PCD) combined electrode was used in the EDM process to change discharge energy alternately, resulting in lower surface roughness and higher surface hardness. Based on the relationship between discharge current and plasma channel extension, principles and discharge models of AE-EDM were established. To validate the theory and assumptions and investigate the effectiveness of the new approach, the discharge performance of PCD was analyzed and a comparative study was conducted. Experimental results show that the sustaining voltage of the plasma in the machining of the PCD material is 19 V, and a fraction of the energy was consumed by the bulk resistance of the PCD, which reduces the energy for eroding material. The surface roughness of the workpiece machined with AE-EDM was found to be reduced by 40% compared to normal EDM using copper electrodes, while the average surface hardness was improved by 28.6% and the thickness of the recast layer was decreased.(Haque, M. Aminul; Chen, Bing; Li, ShujinyWater-resisting performances and mechanisms of magnesium phosphate cement mortars comprising with fly-ash and silica fume]Magnesium phosphate cement; Volume stability; Mechanical strength; Sorptivity; MicrostructurerPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE; BASALT FIBER; SETTING REACTION; RESISTANCE; STABILITY; COMPOSITE; HYDRATION; MINERALS; RATIOSDesign of hydraulic structures using magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) composites is a still challenging issue because of the volume instability of MPC matrices in water environment. In this research, an attempt was taken to progress the water-resistance performance of MPC blended with fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). The FA was introduced as one third of magnesia in the mortar specimens, where SF dosages were 5%, 10% and 15% as the substitution of magnesia. Physico-mechanical and microstructural properties of mortar samples were examined considering the air and water curing systems. The analytical results bared that compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) of specimens composed with MPC + FA+5%SF were observed about 25% higher as compared to control. Both strength properties having the optimized content of SF (i.e. 5%) was reduced close by 3-4% in water system, whereas the pure MPC matrix exhibited around 20% less at 28 d. In addition, mass loss (ML) was found nearby 1.56% at 28 d. Moreover, SEM, EDS and XRD tests were detected that intermediate minerals namely Berlinite, Mullite, Lizardite and Enstatite were formed in the microstructures, and micro-cracks and micro-pores were significantly reduced. Consequently, compact microstructure was obtained that resulted the well water-resistant of proposed MPC mortar. The outcomes of this research might be a potential inform< ation for constructing the MPC-based water structures.HXu, Bo; Guo, Hun; Wu, Xiaofeng; He, Yafeng; Wang, Xiangzhi; Bai, JianhuivStatic and dynamic characteristics and stability analysis of high-speed water-lubricated hydrodynamic journal bearings^PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART J-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TRIBOLOGYInertia effect; misaligned effect; turbulent effect; journal bearing; water-lubricated; static and dynamic characteristics; stability analysisWFLUID INERTIA; OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS; TURBULENT; FLOW; PERFORMANCE; LAMINAR; FORCESThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of turbulent, inertia, and misaligned effects on the static and dynamic characteristics and stability of high-speed water-lubricated hydrodynamic journal bearings. Based on the Navier-Stokes equation, the mixing-length theory, and the essential assumption that the velocity profile is not strongly affected by inertia force, the fluid lubrication model with turbulent, inertia, and misaligned effects is established, and then the stability analysis of bearings is carried out based on the equation of motion with four degrees of freedom. The model is solved by the finite difference method and the numerical results are compared under different operating conditions. The results show that the turbulent effect greatly increases the load capacity, power consumption, stiffness and damping coefficients, and stability of bearings, and the inertia effect significantly increases the volume flow rate of bearings, and the misaligned effect increases the load capacity, stiffness and damping coefficients, and stability of bearings. In high rotary speed and moderate eccentricity ratios, the influence of the inertia effect on the load capacity, stiffness coefficients, and stability cannot be neglected.Zhu, J. Q.; Yang, X. L.;Probabilistic stability analysis of rock slopes with cracksGEOMECHANICS AND ENGINEERINGrock slope; crack; probabilistic analysis; Hoek-Brown criterion; multivariate adaptive regression splines; response surface methodLADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES; SYSTEM RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS; MONTE-CARLO; SOILSTo evaluate the stability of a rock slope with one pre-exiting vertical crack, this paper performs corresponding probabilistic stability analysis. The existence of cracks is generally ignored in traditional deterministic stability analysis. However, they are widely found in either cohesive soil or rock slopes. The influence of one pre-exiting vertical crack on a rock slope is considered in this study. The safety factor, which is usually adopted to quantity the stability of slopes, is derived through the deterministic computation based on the strength reduction technique. The generalized Hoek-Brown (HB) failure criterion is adopted to characterize the failure of rock masses. Considering high nonlinearity of the limit state function as using nonlinear HB criterion, the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) is used to accurately approximate the implicit limit state function of a rock slope. Then the MARS is integrated with Monte Carlo simulation to implement reliability analysis, and the influences of distribution types, level of uncertainty, and constants on the probability density functions and failure probability are discussed. It is found that distribution types of random variables have little influence on reliability results. The reliability results are affected by a combination of the uncertainty level and the constants. Finally, a reliability-based design figure is provided to evaluate the safety factor of a slope required for a target failure probability.4Wang, Yong; Wang, Peili; Meng, Haodong; Chen, Li-QunnNonlinear vibration and dynamic performance analysis of the inerter-based multi-directional vibration isolatoriInerter; Multi-directional vibration isolator; Dynamic response; Isolation performance; Shock performance"QUASI-ZERO-STIFFNESS; OPTIMIZATIONqMotivated by the demand of improving the multi-directional vibration dynamic performance, an inerter-based multi-directional (IMD) vibration isolator is pr< oposed in this paper, which is composed of the inerter, damper and spring structures in multiple directions. The dynamic equation of the IMD vibration isolator is established using the Lagrange theory, its dynamic response under base harmonic excitation is obtained using the harmonic balance method and pseudo-arc-length method, and the stability of the dynamic response is considered. The dynamic performance of the IMD vibration isolator under harmonic and shock excitations is studied and compared with those of the conventional multi-directional (MD) vibration isolator consist of the damper and spring structure, and the effect of structural parameters on its dynamic performance is investigated in detail. The results show that the IMD vibration isolator has nonlinear inertial, damping and stiffness characteristics, and it further reduces the dynamic displacement and absolute displacement transmissibility peaks, widens the isolation frequency band than the MD vibration isolator and also has better shock performance in the middle severity parameter range. In order to obtain better isolation and shock performance, the vertical and horizontal inertance-to-mass ratios are chosen as larger values, and the stiffness ratio and the horizontal spring compression ratio are chosen as smaller values. Therefore, the design of the proposed IMD vibration isolator exhibits the advantages of applying the inerter and provides excellent isolation and shock performance in multiple directions.:Jiang, Xiaoyan; Wang, Wenlu; Hu, Bin; Zhang, Bing; Li, KaiGFormation mechanism of CH4 during lignin pyrolysis: A theoretical studyJOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTEFLignin; Pyrolysis; CH4; Formation mechanism; Density functional theorybRADICAL-CHAIN REACTIONS; MODEL; CHEMICALS; CLEAVAGE; WOOD; LINKAGES; HYDROGEN; LIQUID; DIMER; BETAIn order to understand the formation mechanism of CH4 during the lignin pyrolysis process, 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol was selected as the G-type lignin monomer model compound. Theoretical studies on its pyrolysis process were conducted by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The results show that the key of CH4 formation in the process of lignin pyrolysis is the homolytic cleavage of the O-CH3 bond of the methoxyl functional group to generate methyl radical. Then the methyl radical will abstract H to form CH4 through the unimolecular reaction or bimolecular reaction. The former reaction is difficult to occur due to the limited number of free H radicals in the pyrolysis process of lignin. The latter reaction is more likely to take place because of the lower reaction energy barriers. Both the alkyl side chain and the characteristic functional groups of the benzene ring can undergo bimolecular reactions to donate H for methyl radicals to form CH4.7Wu, Xiaofeng; Chen, Chihkeng; Hong, Chihwei; He, YafengFFlow ripple analysis and structural parametric design of a piston pump,JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;Piston pump; Flow ripple; Parametric design; AMESIM; ISIGHTAVALVE-PLATE; CROSS-ANGLE; SIMULATION; PRESSURE; OPTIMIZATION; OILThe ripple in the outlet flow from a high-pressure piston pump is caused by pressure pulses in the piston cavity when it rotates through the transition region of the valve plate. We propose a parametric design that optimizes the transition region structure of a piston pump valve plate to reduce the ripple in the outlet flow. For a high-pressure piston pump, a theoretical model of the piston cavity is developed that includes fluid compression properties and leakages. The piston pump parametric model is built using AMESIM software and a simulation is conducted. The results show that the ripple in the outlet flow is affected by the outlet pressure and the pump's speed and by the structure of the pre-compression region of the valve plate. To minimize the ripple in the outlet flow from the piston pump, the structural parameters in the pre-compression region are optimized as the design variables using the software, ISIGHT, which integrates the piston pump parametric model in AMESIM. After < optimization, the ripple in the outlet flow rate is, respectively, reduced by 37.05 %, 38.54 % and 41.04 % for outlet pressures of 200 bar, 300 bar and 400 bar. Finally, a flow ripple test experiment is performed to verify the simulation results.ZWang, Feng; Zhao, Jianshe; Lv, Yanming; Yang, Zhenwen; Yao, Jun; He, Yafeng; Tian, ZongjunEElectrochemical machining of deep narrow slits on TB6 titanium alloyskTB6 titaniumalloy; Deep narrow slit; Electrochemical machining; Electrochemical dissolution characteristicsMSPEED; MACHINABILITY; DISSOLUTION; PARAMETERS; TI-6AL-4V; MECHANISM; BEHAVIORgDeep narrow slits of titanium alloys are extensively used in the aerospace industry. Electrochemical machining (ECM) is suitable for fabricating deep narrow slits owing to its advantages such as no tool wear, no residual stress, and no thermal stress. However, the machining surface of titanium alloy is prone to passivation, and the pitting is prone to generating on the non-machined surface, which restricts forming precision enhancement. In this study, the electrochemical dissolution characteristics of TB6 titanium alloy were investigated using the method of electrolyte lateral flow, and the experiments of the deep narrow slit machining were also conducted on the basis of the self-developed vibration apparatus. The results reveal that the mixed electrolyte composed of NaCl and NaNO3 is capable of enhancing the current efficiency and surface quality of TB6 titanium alloy. Moreover, the average slit width at the entrance of the deep narrow slit is limited at 2.48 mm, and the average slit width in the depth direction is limited at 2.67 mm using the method of vibration superimposed on the high-speed linear feeding.NLi, Li; Bei, Shaoyi; Liu, Ranran; Xu, Qiang; Zheng, Keqing; She, Yiyi; He, Yun`Design of a radial vanadium redox microfluidic fuel cell: A new way to break the size limitation(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCHeflow pattern; radial vanadium redox microfluidic fuel cell; single cell output power; size limitationLPOROUS-ELECTRODES MODEL; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATIONS; METHANOL; CATHODE; ENERGY,Microfluidic fuel cell (MFC) suffers from small single cell output power due to the inherent cell size limitation as microscale geometries are prerequisite to prevent reactant crossover between the anode and cathode. To meet the power demand of practical applications, previous works mainly focus on the creating of MFC stacks with multiple cells connected in series, parallel, or mixture of both series and parallel to increase the output power. Yet, low energy efficiency is observed because of the flow distribution nonuniformity and shunt current losses. In this work, a high performance radial vanadium redox MFC is presented to address the size limitation issue by adding a separate layer between the porous electrodes of the conventional plate-frame MFC. Specific cell characteristics are detailed by mathematical modeling, and parametric studies are performed to evaluate the influences of the geometrical and operational parameters on the cell performance. The results show that this new radial MFC can provide a higher fuel utilization and meanwhile an improved cell performance under a fixed electrode size compared with the conventional plate-frame MFC. Moreover, the electrode size limitation due to the reactant crossover between the anode and cathode is broken as the influences of the electrode size on the mixing region are greatly reduced. In the case with the electrode size equal to 18 mm x 18 mm, single cell output power of 0.35 mW with a fuel utilization of 53.33% is obtained under the reactant concentration of 2 mol L-1 and flow rate of 300 mu L min(-1).*Wang, Yong; Wang, Ruo-Chen; Meng, Hao-DonglAnalysis and Comparison of the Dynamic Performance of One-Stage Inerter-Based and Linear Vibration Isolators*INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS\Vibration isolator; inerter; dynamic analysis; performance analysis; H-infinity optimizationDVEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM; MECHANICAL NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGNInerter, which is defined as a two-terminal mec< hanical element, has the characteristic that the force generated at its two terminals is proportional to the relative acceleration between its two ends. Here, the inerter is used in the vibration isolation system; eight kinds of one-stage inerter-based vibration isolators are presented in this paper. Dynamic equations of eight kinds of one-stage inerter-based vibration isolators are established, the natural frequency is considered, and the dynamic response and transmissibility are obtained using the time domain analysis method or the Laplace-transformed method. Four performance indexes are defined to evaluate their isolation performance and compared with the linear vibration isolator (LVI). The best structural parameters of these one-stage inerter-based vibration isolators are determined using the H-infinity optimization method based on the fixed-point theory, which aims to minimize the maximum transmissibility. The results show that compared with the LVI, some kinds of one-stage inerterbased vibration isolators can offer a better isolation performance according to the four performance indexes. Furthermore, the best vibration isolator among these vibration isolators is determined by the four performance indexes.2Xu, Ziyi; Xu, Yongming; Liu, Wenhui; Wang, YaodonguStator winding hotspot temperature rise characteristic study of an axially forced air-cooled motor with air deflectorAPPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERINGHotspot temperature rise characteristic; Axially forced air-cooled motor; Numerical analysis; Cooling improvement; Stator winding coolingTHERMAL MANAGEMENT; MACHINESA ventilation system with an air deflector is suggested to enhance the cooling of the stator windings in an axially forced air-cooled motor. The global fluid and thermal evaluations are carried out using the numerical analysis method. The simulation results are verified through experiments, and the relative error between the two sets of data is 4.4%. Then, the fluid flow and heat exchange behavior within the motor are studied in relation to the placement of the air deflector. When an air deflector is installed at the air outlet side end region, the air is directed to collide with the stator end winding, thereby promoting convective heat exchange on the stator end winding surface. Additionally, numerical analysis is employed to investigate how the position and geometric features of the air deflector affect the variation in the stator winding temperature rise and overall pressure drop. Shortening the distance between the air deflector and the cooling duct and the stator end winding is conducive to further improving the cooling. Furthermore, it is established that the maximum and average temperature rise of the stator winding may be reduced by 8.9 K and 8.2 K, respectively, when using the proposed air deflector.(Yang, Suhang; Sun, Jingsong; Xu, ZhifenglPrediction on compressive strength of recycled aggregate self-compacting concrete by machine learning methodeMachine learning; Predictive model; Recycled aggregate self-compacting concrete; Compressive strengthPARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; FUZZY-LOGIC; HIGH-VOLUME; COARSE; PERFORMANCE; MODELSdThe compressive strength is generally a crucial mechanical indicator for evaluating the quality of recycled aggregate self-compacting concrete (RASCC). To obtain a reliable prediction result of the compressive strength of RASCC, machine learning methods, including artificial neural network (ANN), random tree (RT), bagging, and random forest (RF), are utilized to predict the compressive strength of RASCC in this study. To build predictive models, 18 features and 289 data samples were collected from previous literature. The prediction effects of 4 artificial intelligence (AI) models on compressive strength of RASCC are compared. Four statistical parameters were used to evaluate the performance of the models, and a comparison was made between the modelpredicted results and the experimental results. A good correlation between machine learning models and experimental results was obtained. Sensitivity investigation reveals that the cement c< ontent and the apparent density of natural coarse aggregate have the greatest influence on compressive strength. The study demonstrates the potential of ANN and RF models as useful tools that can support mortar design and/or optimization, with higher accuracy and good interpretability. According to this study, machine learning regression techniques hold great potential as instruments for forecasting RASCC's compressive strength.rYu, Tengfei; Suo, Zhiguang; Zhang, Xinyue; Shen, Hailin; Wei, Min; Jin, Huali; He, Baoshan; Ren, Wenjie; Xu, YiweiHighly conductive AuNPs/Co-MOF nanocomposites synergistic hybridization chain reaction enzyme-free electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of Aflatoxin B1\Aflatoxin B1; Electrochemical aptasensor; Enzyme -free amplification; AuNPs/Co-MOF; Au@PtNPsNANOPARTICLES; MYCOTOXINS; B-1Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most poisonous and carcinogenic pollutant among numerous mycotoxins, posing a serious risk to the health of humans. Herein, an electrochemical aptasensor was constructed for AFB1 detection using gold nanoparticles/cobalt-based metal -organic skeleton (AuNPs/Co-MOF) as a modifying material combined with an enzyme-free signal amplification strategy. AuNPs/Co-MOF have an extensive specific surface area and outstanding electrical conductivity, which allows for the loading of a large number of DNA strands and enhancement of the thionine (THi) redox signal, leading to a significant increase in signal response THi loaded bimetallic core -shell nanocomposites (Au@PtNPs) were synthesized as signal labels. Au@PtNPs have high catalytic activity towards THi while improving the efficiency of the loaded THi, which enables the electrochemical signal of THi to be amplified. In addition, the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) signal amplification strategies for enzyme-free amplification elicits a strong response in the electrochemical signal while ensuring sensor stability. The aptasensor has a detection range of 0.001 -500 ng/mL and achieves the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.2 x 10-2 pg/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 4.0 x 10-2 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. Therefore, applications for electrochemical aptasensors in the realm of food safety monitoring are quite promising.QSong, Yang; Dai, Guozhong; Zhou, Junwen; Bian, Zhengning; Zhao, Li; Song, LuguangRCharacterizing Porous Volume of Cement-Based Concrete by Multiscale Image Analysis)JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERINGEConcrete; Porous volume; Multiscale; X-ray tomography (XRT); FIB; SEMMERCURY INTRUSION POROSIMETRY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE; PORE STRUCTURE; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; WATER-VAPOR; PASTE; MICROSTRUCTURE; SLAG; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; TRANSPORTThe porous volume of cement-based concrete is the key to understand its mechanical properties and durability. In this research, we apply X-ray tomography (XRT) and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to scan the multiscale porous volume of concrete with a resolution from 25 mu m down to 10 nm. Based on the three-dimensional (3D) images, the pore morphology, pore network representativity, porosity, pore network connectivity, and pore size distribution (PSD) in different scales are analyzed and further discussed. Results show one sample can hardly be representative for observed zones, especially for the FIB/SEM and XRT1 samples. Thus, three samples are applied to FIB/SEM and XRT1 imaging, which reduce the relative error of porosity from 31%-33% in the micron scale and 15%-36% in the nanoscale to 18%-19% and 9%-21%, respectively. The combination of porosity in a multiscale has a similar value with that measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Meanwhile, the combined PSD has a similar curve form and peak size to that of MIP, which implies that the combination of image analysis in a multiscale provides a preliminary view of a multiscale porous volume of concrete.?Xu, Zhifeng; Zhang, Jing; Chen, Zhongfan; Yang, Suhang; Li, JieaAxial compressive behavior of new HFC-filled CTS composite walls sheathed with straw-fiber boards STRUCTURESC< TS composite wall; High-strength foamed concrete; Compression test; Failure mode; Axial compressive capacity; Calculation formula9SEISMIC PERFORMANCE; FOAMED CONCRETE; STEEL; PANELS; STUDIn this paper, an innovative high-strength foamed concrete (HFC)-filled cold-formed thin-walled steel (CTS) composite wall sheathed with straw-fiber boards (HFCS composite wall) was proposed. Six full-scale specimens of HFC-filled and unfilled CTS composite walls were tested under compression loading. The influence of HFC strength, stud cross-sectional area, wall thickness and sheathing as main parameters on axial compressive behavior of HFC-filled composite wall were analyzed. Test results indicated that using of HFC changed the failure mode of CTS frame from straw's shear failure to stud's local failure, and improved the wall's axial resistance capacity due to the restrictive effect of HFC on CTS-frame. Moreover, increasing HFC compressive strength further enhanced the bearing capacity of the HFCS composite wall, with little effect on its failure mode. Increasing CTS section area and wall thickness effectively avoided early the stud's local buckling, thereby improved the wall's compressive capacity. However, numerical analysis results showed that the most contribution of the wall components to axial compressive capacity of the HFCS composite wall is CTS studs (52.1%), followed by HFC (42.3%) and straw boards (5.6%), whereas straw board has no obvious effect. Finally, a practical formula for predicting the wall's axial resistance capacity was built by superposition method. The calculated results exhibited better agreement with test and numerical results.>Hua, Hongliang; Liao, Zhenqiang; Wu, Xiaofeng; Chen, Yongjiang]A Bezier based state calibrating method for low-cost potentiometer with inherent nonlinearityZSensor calibration; Inherent nonlinearity; Bezier calibration method; Potentiometer; RobotThe potentiometer is a widely used low-cost position sensor in robot and medical instruments. The measuring accuracy of the potentiometer could be greatly affected by its inherently nonlinearity due to the manufacturing error. In this study, a rational Bezier Calibration Method (BCM) and rational Bezier based State Calibrating Method (BSCM) have been presented for calibrating the inherent nonlinearity of the low-cost potentiometer. The effectiveness of the BCM and BSCM has been verified through experimental tests. Experimental results reveal that in calibrating the potentiometer's inherent nonlinearity, the BCM have the advantage to reduce the calibration model order when compared with the most widely used polynomial calibration method (PCM). Lower ordered model could reduce the computing cost and benefit for the real time calibration stability. The BSCM could further reduce the error resulted by the reciprocating motion of the potentiometer during the measurements and achieve a better nonlinearity calibrating performance than BCM.4Liang, Ruiyu; Guo, Ruxue; Xi, Ji; Xie, Yue; Zhao, LinSelf-Fitting Algorithm for Digital Hearing Aid Based on Interactive Evolutionary Computation and Expert SystemAPPLIED SCIENCES-BASELNhearing aid; self-fitting; interactive evolutionary computation; expert system!AUDIOLOGY; LOUDNESS; DESIGN; NEEDThe traditional hearing aid fitting method, which mainly relies on the audiologist, is time-consuming and messy. To improve this situation, a self-fitting algorithm based on an improved interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) algorithm and expert system, which enables the patients to fit the hearing aid by themselves, is proposed. The algorithm takes the band gain as the fitting target and uses the patient's subjective evaluation to iteratively update the algorithm parameters based on the improved IEC algorithm. In addition, a real-time updated expert system is constructed to assist in the optimization of the initial and iterative parameters of the fitting based on the patient's audiogram and personal information. To verify the performance of the algorithm, a self-fitting software for the hearing aid is designed. Through this < software, the test signal is generated for the patient to evaluate the audio quality on a five-level scale. Based on the evaluation results, the algorithm iteratively optimizes the algorithm parameters until the patient is satisfied with the generated audio. Compared with the fitting algorithm based on Gaussian processes algorithm or the interactive evolutionary algorithm, the average subjective speech recognition rate of the proposed algorithm increase at least 11%. The average recognition rate for environmental sound is also improved by at least 2.9%. In addition, the fitting time of the proposed algorithm is shortened by at least 10 min compared to others two algorithms.9Li, Li; Bei, Shaoyi; Xu, Qiang; Zheng, Keqing; Zheng, YanmRole of electrical resistance and geometry of porous electrodes in the performance of microfluidic fuel cellscurrent collector design; electrical conductivity; electrical resistance; electrode geometry; microfluidic fuel cell; porous electrodeYGAS-DIFFUSION LAYER; INTERNAL RESISTANCE; TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; V(IV)/V(V); OXIDE; ACIDTSignificant electrical resistance is observed in porous electrodes of microfluidic fuel cell due to the size limitation of this energy system. In this work, role of electrical resistance and geometry of porous electrodes in the performance of microfluidic fuel cells is studied with a three-dimensional numerical model. Parametric simulations are performed to find proper ways to reduce the electrical resistance, including increasing the electrical conductivity of the electrode, changing the electrode geometry, and optimizing the current collector design. The results indicate that the cell cannot fully get rid of the negative influences of the electrical resistance by increasing the electrical conductivity due to the material restriction. Decreasing the electrode length or increasing the electrode width is also not feasible due to the trade-off between current and current density. Optimization of the aspect ratio of the electrode active region is proved effective in realizing the enhancement of both current and current density. Extending the current collector area from the exposed end to the active region of the porous electrode is also promising as it can decrease the electrical resistance and boost the cell performance simultaneously. The present findings are generally applicable to various miniaturized fuel cell types using porous electrodes.eYang, Zhou; Niu, Hongwei; Xia, Laiyu; Li, Le; Xiang, Meng; Yu, Chengbin; Zhang, Zhiqian; Dong, ShuanggRare-earth europium heterojunction electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution linking to glycerol oxidationWRare -earth Eu; Heterojunction; Glycerol oxidation reaction; Hydrogen evolution; WO2.72=HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTROCATALYST; CHARGE-TRANSFER; WATER; XPSElectrocatalytic water splitting is regarded as the most efficient way of producing novel hydrogen energy, but is suffering from high overpotential and sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Some organics including glycerol have been added to ameliorate the shortcomings of OER, but the selectivity of electrocatalysts is of great importance. Herein, a rare-earth metal Eu3O4/WOx heterojunction with nonstoichiometric O is designed and prepared, the Eu3O4/WO2.72 stands out from the crowd for which shows the best electrocatalytic performances that the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) potential is only 1.33 V at 10 mA cm-2. In addition, Eu3O4/WO2.92 and Eu3O4/WO2.72 show low overpotentials of 141 mV and 129 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) compared with the benchmark Pt/C electrocatalyst. Eu3O4/WO2.72 heterojunction shows an ultralow cell voltage of 1.17 Vin 1 M KOH with 0.1 M glycerol. Our study opens up a fashion-forward way for the designation of rare-earth metal heterojunction electrocatalysts in the biodiesel glycerol oxidation linking to hydrogen evolution. (c) 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.IChen, Zhongsheng; Sheng, Hao; Liao, Lianying; Liu, Chengwu; Xiong, YepingmDeep Learning for Compressed Se< nsing-Based Blade Vibration Reconstruction From Sub-Sampled Tip-Timing SignalsVibrations; Blades; Probes; Vibration measurement; Image reconstruction; Reconstruction algorithms; Monitoring; Blade tip-timing; deep compressed sensing; multi-coset angular sampling; unknown multi-band vibrations; vibration reconstruction8PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; PARAMETERSBlade tip-timing (BTT) signals are always seriously under sampled, so reconstruction is much needed for vibration analysis. Blade vibration responses are sparse in order domain and classical compressed sensing (CS) algorithms are difficult to reconstruct vibration orders due to lack of prior sparse information under variable speeds. In order to address this issue, this paper introduces deep learning (DL) into BTT vibration reconstruction and proposes an end-to-end deep compressed sensing (DCS) method. Firstly, a multi-coset BTT measurement model is built under variable speeds and the DCS model is derived in order domain, where a specific convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed. Next, a Simulink model is built to generate training and testing samples. The simulation results show that the convolution layer with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) layer placed after the batch normalization (BN) layer can improve the reconstruction performance and the proposed method has better reconstruction accuracy and efficiency than classical CS algorithms. Finally, experiments are done and the results demonstrate that blade vibration orders can be recovered accurately by the proposed method, which will provide a novel way of BTT signal analysis.7Liao, Lianying; Zuo, Yanyan; Meng, Haodong; Liao, XuhuiaResearch on the technology of noise reduction in hybrid electric vehicle with composite materials"ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGYHybrid electric vehicle; polyester-polypropylene; butyl rubber; noise reduction materialsThe noise source of hybrid electric vehicle is varied, which makes the frequency band from low-frequency to high-frequency distribution. Using a single material to control the hybrid electric vehicle interior noise to improve the performance of vehicle, noise, vibration, and harshness performance is limited. In this article, the composite noise reduction materials which have the function of damping and acoustic absorption are used to control the vehicle interior noise. First, the noise characteristics of the hybrid electric vehicle are analyzed. The distribution of the hybrid electric vehicle interior noise is obtained. Then, the sound-absorbing properties of polyester-polypropylene bi-component fiber are analyzed. The low-frequency noise reduction principle of butyl rubber damping material is also analyzed. Finally, the noise reduction materials consisting of polyester-polypropylene and butyl rubber are added to the hybrid electric vehicle roof and floor. After improving material, the hybrid electric vehicle interior noise is test. As the result, the car driver's right ear A-weighting sound pressure levels have been greatly improved. The low-frequency noise below 400 Hz reduced 1.5 dB(A), and the high-frequency noise above 400 Hz reduced 5.2 dB(A). The total noise reduction reached 3.3 dB(A) near the driver's right ear, which significantly improve the noise, vibration, and harshness performance of hybrid electric vehicle.Zhang, Yanrong; Chen, Yanli; Liang, Ke; Zhang, Yang; Wang, Dan; Wang, Wenchang; Wang, Jie; Du, Xiaojiao; Mitsuzaki, Naotoshi; Chen, ZhidongyNiCo layered double hydroxide/biomass-derived porous carbon aerogel composite for high-performance hybrid supercapacitorsJOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE\Nickel-cobalt layer double hydroxide; Porous carbon aerogel; Chitosan; Hybrid supercapacitorCO; NANOSHEETS; NANOTUBES; FOAMSupercapacitors are widely concerned due to their advantages of fast charge and discharge speed, remarkable cycle stability, better safety and friendly environment, and the selection of electrode materials plays a crucial role in affecting the performance of supercapacitors. In this work, chitosan was used to prepare porous carbon < aerogel (PCA). Subsequently, nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) microspheres with pseudocapacitive properties were loaded on the prepared PCA in the form of nanowires. In general, highly conductive PCA skeletons with large specific surface area provided more active sites for rapid charge and ion transport and might regulate the growth of nanowires. Due to the synergistic effect of NiCo-LDH and PCA, the optimal NiCo-LDH/PCA-30 material exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1362 F g(-1) (189 mAh g(-1)) at 1 A g(-1) and good cycle stability (capacitance retention of 75 % after 4000 cycles) in a three-electrode system using 3 M KOH as the electrolyte, which were higher than that of pure NiCo-LDH. Moreover, the assembled hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) based on NiCo-LDH/PCA-30//PCA provided an excellent energy density of 33.1 Wh kg(-1) at the power density of 807.3 W kg(-1)), a maximum power density of 7998 W kg(-1) and an outstanding cycle retention rate (81.1 % after 5000 cycles). Our investigation has proved that the introducing of porous carbon aerogel could improve the electrochemical performance of NiCo-LDH.ATao, Chongben; Gao, Zhen; Yan, Jinli; Li, Chunguang; Cui, GuozengRIndoor 3D Semantic Robot VSLAM Based on Mask Regional Convolutional Neural NetworkKVSLAM; deep learning; target detection; instance segmentation; semantic map During the construction of indoor environmental semantic maps by robot Vision SLAM (VSLAM), there exist some problems such as low label classification accuracy and low precision under the situation of sparse feature points. In this case, this paper proposes an indoor three-dimensional semantic VSLAM algorithm based on Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN). Firstly, an Oriented FAST and a Rotated BRIEF (ORB) algorithms are used to extract image feature points. Secondly, a Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is employed to eliminate mismatched points and estimate camera position-pose changes. Then, a Mask RCNN algorithm is applied to make partial adjustments to its hyper parameter. A self-made data set is used to transfer learning, fulfilling real-time target detection and instance segmentation of a scene. A three-dimensional semantic map is constructed in combination with VSLAM algorithm. The semantic information in the environment not only improves the accuracy of VSLAM construction and positioning, but also reduces the impact of object movement on the construction by marking movable objects. Meanwhile, the VSLAM algorithm is used to calculate the positional constraints between objects and improve the accuracy of semantic understanding. Finally, by comparing with other methods, it demonstrates that this method is more correct and effective. It was also verified that the proposed method can accurately interpret the semantic information in environment for the construction of three-dimensional semantic maps.qLiu, Tianyu; Wang, Chongxi; Lu, Zhiying; Xu, Peng; Sun, Xiaonan; Wang, Min; Ding, Chuan; Wang, Wei; Zhang, JintaoFabrication of Ag nanoparticles decorated hieratical Ni0.25Co0.75(OH)2 microflowers photocatalyst toward efficient environmental remediationTBimetallic hydroxide; Ni0.25Co0.75(OH)(2); Microflowers; Ag loading; OTC degradationLAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; WASTE-WATER; LIGHT; ELECTROCATALYSTS; DEGRADATION; PHENOL; H-2; PD-The bimetallic hydroxide NixCo1-x(OH)(2) was first prepared through hydrothermal method. The prepared NixCo1-x(OH)(2) architecture showed good photocatalytic degradation performance toward oxytetracycline (OTC), especially the Ni0.25Co0.75(OH)(2) hierarchical microflowers. After deposition of Ag nanoparticles, Ag/Ni0.25Co0.75(OH)(2) nanocomposites with further improved photocatalytic activity were obtained especially on 0.2% Ag/Ni0.25Co0.75(OH)(2). The modified band structure with optimal loading amount of Ag nanoparticles was convinced to have positive effect on the efficient photo-induced charge separation and transfer during photocatalytic procedure. This study expanded the application of hydroxides<  in the field of photocatalysis, and provided ideas for the construction of new photocatalytic system.-Hua, Hongliang; Liao, Zhenqiang; Zhao, JingbooDesign, Analysis, and Experiment of an Underactuated Robotic Gripper Actuated by Linear Series Elastic Actuator;JOURNAL OF MECHANISMS AND ROBOTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASMEmgrasping; adaptive; robotic gripper; mechanical design; experiments; grasping and fixturing; mechanism design COMPLIANTThe primary motivation of this study is to develop a cost-effective, safe, easily controlled, and passively adaptive robotic gripper. A novel linear series elastic actuated robotic gripper (LSEA-RG) is proposed to accomplish the aforementioned goals. The LSEA-RG has the ability to adaptively grasp objects with different shapes and sizes by grasping force control. First, the mechanical design, including the transmission scheme, the finger mechanism, and the actuating mechanism is presented. Subsequently, the kinematic analysis is performed to explore the transmission characteristic of the actuating displacement and force. Then a model-free control method based on the lookup functions of the kinematic transmission characteristics is presented to achieve the grasping range and force control. Finally, several grasping experiments are carried out based on the LSEA-RG prototype to evaluate the grasping performance. The results demonstrate that the presented grasping control method which based on the lookup functions is valid. The LSEA-RG could estimate the grasping force without the help of a fingertip force sensor and grasp objects with different shapes and hardness adaptively.5Ding, Li; Ma, Rui; Wu, Hongtao; Feng, Chun; Li, QilinfYaw control of an unmanned aerial vehicle helicopter using linear active disturbance rejection controlhPROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERINGYaw control; linear active disturbance rejection control; unmanned helicopter; system identification; parameter tuning; artificial bee colony algorithm.DESIGN; IDENTIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; ATTITUDEIn this article, a yaw channel controller with linear active disturbance rejection control is proposed for high-performance attitude tracking of an unmanned helicopter. In this control scheme, the linear extended state observer serves as a compensator, which can effectively reject parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. In this case, the attitude tracking controller is designed according to the input-output relation of yaw model. As a controlled plant, the yaw dynamical model is first obtained through the system identification method. Subsequently, in order to optimize the linear active disturbance rejection control applied to yaw control, an artificial bee colony algorithm is introduced to solve the problem of parameter tuning. Finally, comparative studies are carried out. The results from simulation and flight experiment show that the proposed controller provides better performances than the traditional controller.+Sun, Yibo; Li, Xiaofang; Lv, Furu; Hu, Bing`Research on Logistics Information Blockchain Data Query Algorithm Based on Searchable EncryptionBlockchain; Encryption; Logistics; Cryptography; Servers; Indexes; Search problems; Blockchain; searchable encryption; asymmetric encryption; logistics information; data queryIn order to ensure the security of logistics information and to query information quickly and efficiently, using searchable encryption algorithms, combined with the characteristics of the blockchain, a searchable and encrypted logistics information blockchain data query algorithm is proposed. First, the logistics information is divided into multiple data files, encrypted with an asymmetric searchable encryption algorithm, and then stored in the cloud server. The keyword index value is extracted from each data file and uploaded to the blockchain. This solution can be used at any time Update and query data. Finally, analyze the correctness, completeness and safety of the scheme of this article, which proves the feasibility of this scheme.RHe< , Yafeng; Gan, Weimin; Yin, Feihong; Zhao, Jianshe; Xu, Bo; Yu, Qing; Yang, LiansMulti-physical field coupling for vibration feed electrochemical machining of diamond-shaped hole in titanium alloyYTitanium alloy diamond hole; Multi-physics field coupling; Vibration feed; Liquid channel1ECM; SIMULATION; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; ACCURACYTitanium alloy is widely used in manufacturing because of its high heat resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, high specific strength, and low thermal conductivity. This study led to the development of a multi-physics field-coupling model of vibrating feed electrolysis processing of diamond-shaped hole in titanium alloy TC4. The model is based on the coupling relationships among the electric, flow, and temperature fields of electrolytic processing. The distributions of the electric field, flow field, temperature field, and bubble rate were obtained via vibration feed electrolysis processing of three kinds of flutes for the cathode tool. Compared with the diamond-shaped and circular liquid channels, no liquid vacancy arises at the acute angle of the rhombic hole, and the stability of the flow field is good when the cathode tool has a short circular arc liquid channel. In addition, the test results show that a channel with this form allows sufficient fluid at the acute angle of the diamond-shaped hole, and the quality of the sidewall and the bottom surface are uniform. The coupling of the electric, flow, and temperature fields increases the forming accuracy of the short circular arc liquid channel. This is consistent with the results of the multi-physics field coupling calculation of the titanium alloy vibration feed electrolysis processing. The reciprocating motion of the cathode tool at the time of vibration feed also facilitates the discharge of insoluble matter on the surface of the titanium alloy in the processing area.3-4JLiang, Can; Xiao, Lizhi; Jia, Zijian; Guo, Long; Luo, Sihui; Wang, Zhengyi]Mixed Wettability Modeling and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization in Tight SandstoneBPOROUS-MEDIA WETTABILITY; LATTICE BOLTZMANN; NMR; ROCK; RELAXATIONRock wettability significantly impacts fluid distribu-tions in reservoirs and enhanced oil recovery. As the large variety of mixed-wet tight formations becomes increasingly evident, research evaluating wettability has become increasingly important. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique is suitable for wettability characterization, but the simplified rock models currently used in NMR studies, that is, entirely water-wet or oil-wet or classified as water-or oil-wet based on pore geometry, may result in inaccurate pore-fluid distributions and wettability estimates. In this paper, a new pore-scale mixed-wet rock model was constructed that considers the contact angle and wetting area. A tight sandstone rock saturated with oil-water is presented as an example to investigate T2 responses and NMR T2-based wettability indices for different wettability features. In the model, a mixed-wet digital rock saturated with oil and water is constructed using the sedimentological process method and the Lattice Boltzmann method. Then, the random walk method is applied to simulate T2 responses in cases with varied wettability properties, such as contact angle, wetting area ratio, and fluid saturation. Finally, the apparent contact angle cosine is used as the wettability indicator for comparison with published NMR T2-based wettability indices. The results showed that the combination of the wetting area ratio (determined by the pore size cutoff), actual contact angle of wetting surfaces, and fluid saturation significantly impacted T2 distributions of fluid-saturated mixed-wet rocks. Simulations and experiments showed that three NMR T2-based wettability indices were inappropriate for wettability assessment in weakly wet or intermediate-wet rocks. This was because those NMR indices are based on wetting areas and do not account for the effect of local contact angles of wetting surfaces. These investigations have provided a theoretical basis for interpreting NM< R T2 characterizations in rocks with mixed wettability.2Deng, Qi; Zou, Shuai; Xi, Yonghui; Singh, AmardeepMDevelopment and Characteristic of 3D-Printable Mortar with Waste Glass Powder BUILDINGSq3D concrete printing; waste glass powder; fresh and hardened properties; rheology; buildability; drying shrinkage$FLY-ASH; CEMENT; CONCRETE; HYDRATIONBThree-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is emerging as an innovative technology and shows promise to revolutionize conventional construction modes. However, the current 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) generally requires higher cement content than conventional concrete to ensure its rheology for printing. From the perspective of cleaner production and reduce carbon emissions, this study explored the feasibility of replacing parts of cement with waste glass powder (WGP, 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% by mass) and compared the properties of the developed 3DPC, including fluidity (flowable spread), rheology, heat of hydration, buildability, compressive strength, anisotropy, and drying shrinkage. The results showed that less than 40% WGP replacement had limited influence on the initial fluidity and static yield stress, as well as drying shrinkage, of 3DPC. Although the WGP inclusion decreased the compressive strength, it slowed down the fluidity loss and static yield stress increase, which could extend the workable time of the mixture for printing and improve buildability. The 40% WGP replacement was found increase to the buildability of the printing mixture from 150 mm to 155 mm. The printing mixture prepared with 60% WGP reduced the dying shrinkage by 50%. An exponential decay function between the fluidity and static yield stress was established so that the simple fluidity test could be used as an indicator of printability. The findings in this study provided a solution to reduce the consumption of cement in 3DPC, which could contribute to a greener production in the construction industry.1Xu, Yongming; Xu, Ziyi; Cao, Hengpei; Liu, WenhuirTorque Ripple Suppression of Synchronous Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicles Based on Rotor Improvement DesignHarmonic analysis; Rotors; Torque measurement; Air gaps; Torque; Stators; Reluctance motors; Automotive motor; flux barrier; phase cancellation; synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM); torque ripple suppressionOPTIMIZATION; PM; SENSITIVITYoThis research takes an 18.5-kW automotive synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) with four-layer C-type flux barrier rotor structure as the object and studies the influence of the end position of each layer of flux barrier on torque ripple. Comparing different flux barrier end deflection schemes, the effect of flux barrier end deflection on torque ripple is studied, and the effect of deflection angle on torque ripple and electromagnetic performance is obtained. The air-gap flux density waveforms before and after the flux barrier end deflection and the radial and tangential components of its harmonics are analyzed. The action mechanism of flux barrier deflection on torque ripple and electromagnetic performance is obtained by analyzing the phase relationship between tooth harmonics and fundamental waveforms. Besides, the deflection scheme of the flux barrier end with optimal performance is given. A SynRM performance improvement method through phase cancellation between the tooth harmonics and the fundamental wave is proposed. Finally, the experimental platform is built to verify the accuracy of the simulation calculation.DChen, Lian-Meng; Deng, Hua; Cui, Yu-Hong; Dong, Shi-Lin; Zhou, Yi-YitTheoretical analysis and experimental study on sensitivity of element-length error in cable-strut tensile structures"ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING|cable-strut tensile structure; element-length error; error sensitivity analysis; model experiment; statistics characteristicPRESTRESS DESIGN; MATRIX;In a real cable-strut tensile structure, the element-length errors are inevitable. To understand their effects on the bearing capacity of a cable-strut tensile structure, the element-length error sensitivity analysis was investigated in this s< tudy. First, mathematical model of the element-length error was proposed based on stochastic theory. By combining the balance equation, geometric equation, and physical equation, the fundamental equation between the pre-stress deviation and element-length error was derived. After that, pre-stress deviation statistics characteristic was achieved with the help of statistical theory and the element-length error sensitivity analysis method was formulated. Then, a cable-strut tensile structure model with a diameter of 5.0 m was designed and fabricated to validate the proposed method. The element-length was set adjustable in order to simulate the element-length errors. Making use of the measured internal forces induced by element-length errors, the error sensitivity of each kind of element was achieved. In addition, a finite element model was also established with the commercial software ANSYS. The element-length errors were simulated by the changes of element-length due to temperature variations. The results of the three models coincided with each other satisfactorily, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model. It was found that different elements had different error sensitivities. The error sensitivity of the hoop cables was most prominent, the ridge cables and diagonal cables the second, and the struts the third.Zhang Fengjiao; Wei MinxiangMulti-objective optimization of the control strategy of electric vehicle electro-hydraulic composite braking system with genetic algorithmmElectro-hydraulic composite braking system; control strategy; genetic algorithm; multi-objective optimizationOptimization of the control strategy plays an important role in improving the performance of electric vehicles. In order to improve the braking stability and recover the braking energy, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the key parameters in the control strategy of electric vehicle electro-hydraulic composite braking system. Various limitations are considered in the optimization process, and the optimization results are verified by a software simulation platform of electric vehicle regenerative braking system in typical brake conditions. The results show that optimization objectives achieved a good astringency, and the optimized control strategy can increase the brake energy recovery effectively under the condition of ensuring the braking stability.-Rouholamini, Mahdi; Chen, Lei; Wang, CaishengLModeling, Configuration, and Grid Integration Analysis of Bifacial PV Arrays'IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGYIndexes; Analytical models; Sun; Mathematical model; Computational modeling; Ray tracing; Photovoltaic systems; Albedo; Bifacial PV arrays; Configuration parameters; Irradiance; View factoraENERGY YIELD; VIEW FACTORS; MODULES; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; IRRADIATION; SIMULATION; MISMATCHWThis paper develops an incident energy-based model for fixed multi-row bifacial PV systems considering ground albedo and different configuration parameters, including the inclination (tilt) and orientation angles, the height off the ground, and the horizontal distance between PV rows. The various view factors (VFs) involved in the study, sky model, and the angular position of the sun are included in the model. The proposed analytical model is capable of evaluating the solar irradiance reaching each side of a bifacial PV array at any time and location. The impacts of the configuration parameters on the total energy achievable on the front and back surfaces are studied in detail. Finally, simulations are performed on the IEEE 69-bus test network to show how bifacial PVs can help tackle the Duck curve issue caused by conventional mono-facial PVs.3Xie, Z. Y.; Guo, L. M.; Li, C.; Shi, Y. T.; Han, B.sModeling the deformation of thin-walled circular tubes filled with metallic foam under two lateral loading patterns_Thin-walled circular tube; Metallic foam; Analytical model; Plastic deformation; Finite elementNCOMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; STAINLESS-STEEL; ALUMINUM; DESIGN; INDENTATION; CONCRETEThin-walled circular tubes with metall< ic foam fillers are widely used in various engineering fields. This work examines the plastic behavior of thin-walled circular tubes filled with metallic foam under two different lateral loading patterns, by using both analytical and numerical methods. Two types of loading indenters, including a line load and a rigid plane, are considered. There have been very few studies on the lateral compression of foam-filled circular tubes crushed by a line load or a rigid plane. The analytical models assume that the tubular wall material is rigid and ideally plastic, and that the metallic foam fillers maintain a constant resistance known as plateau stress. Using the principle of virtual velocities, we derive succinct explicit solutions for the crushing forces as well as deformation characteristics in regard with the radius of the tubes, the flow stress of the tubular wall and the plateau stress of the filled foam under the two loading conditions. Finite element analysis is performed using the ABAQUS2023/Explicit code to model aluminum alloy circular tubes filled with aluminum foam. A comparison and analysis of the deformation characteristics of the tubular top generator and foam cross-sections are conducted. The proposed analytical crushing forces and deformation properties obtained herein agree well with the numerical simulation results and outperform previous theoretical models, which may serve as valuable formulations for the engineering application.SZhang, Fubin; Xie, Shaofeng; Xiao, Jianzhuang; Singh, Amardeep; Xu, Jing; Fang, HaizMechanical behavior of Glass fiber-reinforced polymer-timber-steel tube-concrete composite columns under axial compressionSTRUCTURAL CONCRETEBcompressive; concrete; energy dissipation; steel tube; timber coreDSTRESS-STRAIN MODEL; FRP-CONFINED CONCRETE; CAPACITY; WOOD; STRENGTHsThis paper proposes a novel glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)-timber-steel tube-concrete composite column (GTSC) that combines an outer steel tube with GFRP fabric reinforcement, an inner timber core, and concrete for the rest of the space. The mechanical behavior of eight specimens of novel composite columns was investigated considering diameters of timber cores, layer numbers, and angles of GFRP laminates. The results showed that as the size of the timber core increased from 0 to 50 mm, the ductility and the energy dissipation capacity of the composite column maximum increased by 61.5% and 63.4%, respectively. Conversely, the ultimate load carrying capacity and stiffness decreased. It was also found that the timber core weakened the strength of the confined concrete. However, timber core reduced the weight of columns, which slowed down the reduction of the ultimate load carrying capacity of per unit GTSCs, with the stiffness remains unchanged. GFRP laminates with an angle of 60 degrees provide the best stiffness and ductility, and the layer numbers of GFRP has a positive effect on GTSC's mechanical performance. In addition, an analytical model was proposed based on the ultimate equilibrium method, which accounts for the ultimate bearing capacity of GTSC based on the influence of timber. Analyses revealed a good correlation between analytical and experimental results.SZhu, Hongyan; Shen, Changqing; Wang, Jiaan; Chen, Bojian; Wang, Dong; Zhu, ZhongkuikFew-Shot Class-Incremental Learning With Adjustable Pseudo-Incremental Sessions for Bearing Fault DiagnosisIEEE SENSORS JOURNALiBearing; class-incremental learning (CIL); fault diagnosis; few-shot CIL (FSCIL); few-shot learning (FSL)BRotating machinery may constantly generate new classes of faults in complex operating environments, with a finite set of fault samples that are obtainable. The incremental nature of fault types and the scarcity of samples present great challenges for fault diagnosis models employing deep learning (DL) techniques, such as overfitting due to insufficient data and stability-plasticity problem when new fault samples are introduced. A few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) method with adjustable pseudo-incremental sessions (APISs) is introduced in this st< udy to overcome the abovementioned concerns. First, the method extracts fault samples from the sufficient data of the real base session, and it sets the pseudo FSCIL task according to the data format of FSCIL. The pseudo FSCIL task is employed to extract invariant features in the base and incremental session, and the feature space is trained to provide a reference model for the real fault incremental task. Second, the adjuster based on a self-attention mechanism is used to learn more discriminative features. Feature differences are observed between the old fault classifier and a fresh fault prototype. Based on the self-attention mechanism, the distinguishing features between the fault samples in the testing dataset and the old classifier are highlighted. In this way, a fault diagnosis model of the few-shot fault class increment with more generalization ability is acquired. A case study shows that APIS can effectively alleviate stability-plasticity and overfitting problems when dealing with FSCIL bearing fault diagnosis tasks.Xu, Qiang; Xie, Yajun; Huang, Yugang; Li, Xinyu; Huang, Haocheng; Bei, Shaoyi; Wang, Hongkang; Zheng, Keqing; Wang, Xiaochun; Li, LiyEnhancement of thermal management for cylindrical battery module based on a novel wrench-shaped design for the cold plate/SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTSWBattery thermal management system; Wrench-shaped cold plate; Cylindrical battery moduleLBattery modules with uniform cold plate designs suffer from the temperature non-uniformity issue caused by increased coolant temperature. To break the monotonically increasing trend of battery temperature along the flow direction, a novel wrench-shaped design is developed in this study for the cold plate applied in cylindrical battery modules. Superiority of the wrench-shaped cold plate is examined from the perspectives of temperature rise control, temperature uniformity maintenance, lightweight extent and auxiliary power consumption. Corresponding mechanism analyses reveal that the different cold plate designs in the upstream and downstream segments have changed the temperature distribution feature in the battery module. The monotonically increasing trend of the battery temperature could be effectively broken when the cooling ability of the cold plate at the junction between the upstream and downstream segments is specially enhanced. Thus, the superior heat dissipation performance of the wrench-shaped cold plate is attributed to its bifurcation structure at the junction which demonstrates satisfactorily enhanced heat dissipation effect. Extended study is also performed to identify optimal position for the bifurcation, which is located at battery 4 based on the balance between the thermal behaviors of upstream and downstream segments.*Tang, L.; Yang, F.; Zhu, Q. L.; Gan, W. M.Electrochemical machining flow field simulation and experimental verification for irregular vortex paths of a closed integer impellerfElectrochemical machining; Flow field simulation; Closed integer impeller; Reversed flow; Forward flowBCOMPUTER-SIMULATION; ELECTROLYTE FLOW; EDM PARAMETERS; ECM; DESIGNElectrochemical machining (ECM) is an economical and effective method for machining hard-to-cut metal materials into complex shapes in aerospace and aeronautics fields, which are difficult to machine with conventional methods. As we all know, electrolyte flow field is one of the important factors in ECM irregular vortex paths of the closed integer impeller. To improve the stability of the whole processing, the flow field mathematical model was developed. The 3-D gap flow field simulation models of the reversed flow and forward flow patterns were also established, respectively. From the streamline, velocity, and pressure cloud picture of the electrolyte flow field simulation, the results showed that under the reversed pattern, the electrolyte flow velocity in the front gap and the side gap was not only higher but also more uniform than the forward pattern. Finally, the experimental verification was carried out and the experimental results were consistent w< ith the simulation results. The whole process is stable and has no spark and no short circuit phenomenon with the reverse flow pattern. We successfully obtained 0.8-micron surface roughness of the machined workpiece. On the contrary, the irregular vortex paths cannot be successfully processed by forward flow pattern. The results indicate that reverse flow pattern is an effective and feasible method to machining irregular vortex paths of the closed integer impeller.Shi, Xiang; Chen, JianQDevelopment of a standoff terahertz imaging system for concealed weapon detection(MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERSNconcealed weapon detection; imaging system; standoff detection; terahertz wave INSPECTIONIn this article, terahertz imaging system based on a single-channel 360 GHz transceiver front-end and optical-machine scanning platform, is studied. The transmitting antenna is irradiated by a wide beam of a small aperture antenna to reduce the angular glint effect caused by high frequency electromagnetic radiation. The receiving antenna is of a large aperture to ensure high resolution. Beam scanning is achieved through a fast conical scanning method using a total reflector to achieve fast real-time imaging.8Liao, Xuhui; Li, Shunming; Liao, Lianying; Meng, HaodongJVirtual decoupling method: a novel method to obtain the FRFs of subsystemsZTransfer path analysis; Virtual decoupling method; Decoupling; Frequency response function'TRANSFER PATH-ANALYSIS; VEHICLE; DOMAINAn important procedure in transfer path analysis (TPA) is to measure the frequency response functions (FRFs) of the decoupled passive subsystem. The classical TPA method obtains the passive subsystem's FRFs by direct measuring when the system is disassembled. The main shortcoming of the classical method to measure the FRFs is that it is time-consuming due to the necessity to dismount the active part. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to estimate the passive subsystem' FRF matrix without disassembling the coupled mechanical structure. The key idea of this method is that the effect of a coupled subsystem will be canceled out if the links which connect this subsystem with the other one have no deformation, since the coupled systems influence each other only through the links which can be regarded as combinations of connecting springs and dampers. Following this idea, the expression of the passive subsystem's FRF matrix can be deduced from the entire system's FRF matrix directly. The proposed method in this paper is called the virtual decoupling method, since the decoupling is not 'real' but 'virtual'. Obviously, the actual decoupling procedure is avoided so that the shortcoming mentioned above is overcome. The method is validated by a numerical model and a finite element model.CJin, Chaowu; Zhu, Yili; Xu, Longxiang; Xu, Yuanping; Zheng, YantongbThe thermodynamic properties of a new type catcher bearing used in active magnetic bearings systemWCatcher bearing; Thermodynamics; Active magnetic bearing; Double-decker catcher bearingAUXILIARY BEARINGNormally a rotor levitated by active magnetic bearings (AMBs) system would rotate without contacting with any stator component, but the possibility still remains that the supporting force might lose temporarily or permanently, thus requiring the Catcher bearings (CBs) to provide backup protection in case of the failure of AMBs. A new type CB with two separate rolling element bearing series could have the speed distribution between the inner race and intermediate race according to certain ratio, in which the speed of each roller element bearing decreases with the limit speed of the whole       !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~CB increasing, offering high capability to sustain its initial rotation speed. Based on the theory of heat transfer, tribology, and rotor dynamics, this paper analyzes the thermal structure of double-decker catcher bearing (DDCB) and single-decker catcher bearing (SDCB), respectively. Through this structure, the thermal resistances and equations of heat transfer can be obtained. Then we calculate the friction heat and temperature distribution in<  the various CBs upon rotor's dropping on SDCB or DDCB, followed by the discussion on the CBs temperature rise's effects on lubrication conditions and rotor dynamics parameters. Finally various experiments are carried out to measure the temperature rise of different CBs. The results obtained validate the theoretical analysis and also provide main methods to reduce heat generation. Using DDCB is proved to be effective to reduce the temperature rise. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.2Ma, Yanfang; Gao, Xiaotong; Zhou, Wei; Chen, LiangCThe Trustworthiness Measurement Model of Component Based on Defects SPECIFICATIONIn modern software engineering, the component-based development approach has become one of the important trends in software development technology. The trustworthiness of components plays a vital role in developing component-based trustworthy software. If there exist defects in components, then the trustworthiness of the component will be reduced, and the trustworthiness of the software system will be influenced. In this case, it is necessary to measure the trustworthiness of the component in terms of the defect. In this paper, a trustworthiness measurement model of components will be proposed based on defects. Firstly, the defect types are formalized according to the component specification. Secondly, the weight allocation method of defect types is designed based on the correlation between defect types and experts' evaluation. The value of the trustworthiness attribute is estimated by using the risk value of the defect and the weight of the defect type. Furthermore, the trustworthiness measurement model of the component is proposed, the corresponding algorithm is designed, and some algebra properties are proved. Finally, a case study is used to illustrate the application of the model./Xu, Yongming; Xu, Ziyi; Wang, Huan; Liu, Wenhui~Research on magnetic-fluid-thermal-stress multi-field bidirectional coupling of high speed permanent magnet synchronous motors#CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERINGHigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (HSPMSM); Multi-field bidirectional coupling; Rotor stress; Fluid calculation; Temperature prediction"ELECTRICAL MACHINES; DESIGN; ROTORDue to the fact that high speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (HSPMSM) are direct drives instead of using gears, they have technical and economical advantages in many applications. In this paper, a 150 kW, 30,000 r/min HSPMSM was used as research object, for which a magnetic -fluid -thermal -stress multi -field coupling model was developed and solved. Motor losses were obtained from electromagnetic analysis and were applied as heat source. Subsequently, the temperature and fluid distribution were solved according to given heat source characteristics and cooling structure. Based on this, the rotor stress distribution influenced by the temperature load was further obtained. On the other hand, the effect of temperature change on conductor resistivity, permanent magnet remanence, cooling medium thermophysical properties, and loss characteristics, which in turn affect temperature and stress distribution, was considered. The bidirectional coupling of multi -fields was achieved by iterative calculations in the forward and reverse cycles. The results showed that the hotspot temperature increased by 14.19 % and the tangential stress in permanent magnet increased by 5.28 % compared to the unidirectional coupling. Finally, an experiment platform was built, and tests were conducted. The results showed that the temperature obtained by bidirectional coupling was closer to the experimental result.?Chen, Lian-meng; Hu, Dong; Deng, Hua; Cui, Yu-hong; Zhou, Yi-yioOptimization of the construction scheme of the cablestrut tensile structure based on error sensitivity analysisSTEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURESwcable-strut tensile structures; error sensitivity analysis; construction scheme; statistical analysis; model experiment#FORCE-DENSITY METHOD; MATRIX; SLACKOptimization of the construction scheme of the cable-strut tensile structure based on error sensit< ivity analysis is studied in this paper. First, the element length was extracted as a fundamental variable, and the relationship between element length change and element internal force was established. By setting all pre-stresses in active cables to zero, the equation between the pre-stress deviation in the passive cables and the element length error was obtained to analyze and evaluate the error effects under different construction schemes. Afterwards, based on the probability statistics theory, the mathematical model of element length error is set up. The statistical features of the pre-stress deviation were achieved. Finally, a cable-strut tensile structure model with a diameter of 5.0 m was fabricated. The element length errors are simulated by adjusting the element length, and each member in one symmetrical unit was elongated by 3 mm to explore the error sensitivity of each type of element. The numerical analysis of error sensitivity was also carried out by the FEA model in ANSYS software, where the element length change was simulated by implementing appropriate temperature changes. The theoretical analysis and experimental results both indicated that different elements had different error sensitivities. Likewise, different construction schemes had different construction precisions, and the optimal construction scheme should be chosen for the real construction projects to achieve lower error effects, lower cost and greater convenience.]Xu, Wenjie; Song, Wenda; Jia, Xianfeng; Ma, Cheng; Wang, Jitong; Qiao, Wenming; Ling, LichengNano-silica modified lightweight and high-toughness carbon fiber/ phenolic ablator with excellent thermal insulation and ablation performanceDEFENCE TECHNOLOGYANano-silica; Carbon fiber; Phenolic aerogel; Insulation; AblationkSIZE DISTRIBUTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; STRENGTH; BEHAVIORLightweight and high-toughness carbon fiber/phenolic ablator (CFPA) is required as the Thermal Protection System (TPS) material of aerospace vehicles for next-generation space missions. To improve the ablative properties, silica sol with good particle size distribution prepared using tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was blended with natural rubber latex and deposited onto carbon fiber felt, which was then integrated with phenolic aerogel matrix, introducing nano-silica into the framework of CFPA. The modified CFPA with a low density of 0.28-0.31 g/cm3 exhibits strain-in-fracture as high as 31.2% and thermal conductivity as low as 0.054 W/(m.K). Furthermore, a trace amount of nano-silica could effectively protect CFPA from erosion of oxidizing atmosphere in different high-temperature environments. The oxyacetylene ablation test of 3000 degrees C for 20 s shows a mass ablation rate of 0.0225 g/s, a linear ablation rate of 0.209 mm/s for the modified CFPA, which are 9.64% and 24.82% lower than the unmodified one. Besides, the long-time butane ablation test of 1200 degrees C for 200 s shows an insignificant recession with mass and linear ablation rate of 0.079 g/s and 0.039 mm/s, 16.84% and 13.33% lower than the unmodified one. Meanwhile, the fixed thermocouple in the test also demonstrates a good thermal insulation performance with a low peak back-face temperature of 207.7 degrees C, 12.25% lower than the unmodified one. Therefore, the nano-silica modified CFPA with excellent overall performance presents promising prospects in high-temperature aerospace applications. (c) 2023 China Ordnance Society. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).ELiu, Guangjun; Zhou, Zhaocheng; Qian, Xin; Wu, Xiaofeng; Pang, WeihaiHMultidisciplinary Design Optimization of a Swash-Plate Axial Piston Pumppiston pump; flow ripple optimization; hydraulic-mechanical coupling; co-simulation; multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO)VALVE; SIMULATION; RIPPLEThis work proposes an MDO (multidisciplinary design optimization) procedure for a swash-plate axial pi< ston pump based on co-simulation and integrated optimization. The integrated hydraulic-mechanical model of the pump is built to reflect its actual performance, and a hydraulic-mechanical co-simulation is conducted through data exchange between different domains. The flow ripple of the pump is optimized by using a MDO procedure. A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation of the pump's flow field is done, which shows that the hydrodynamic shock of the pump is improved after optimization. To verify the MDO effect, an experimental system is established to test the optimized piston pump. Experimental results show that the simulated and experimental curves are similar. The flow ripple is improved by the MDO procedure. The peak of the pressure curve is lower than before optimization, and the pressure pulsation is reduced by 0.21 MPa, which shows that the pressure pulsation is improved with the decreasing of the flow ripple. Comparing the experimental and simulation results shows that MDO method is effective and feasible in the optimization design of the pump.9Yang, Mingcong; Wu, Qian; Shigeno, Maiko; Zhang, YongbingtHierarchical Routing and Resource Assignment in Spatial Channel Networks (SCNs): Oriented Toward the Massive SDM EraOptical fiber networks; Optimization; Optical switches; Routing; WDM networks; Kernel; Resource management; Hierarchical routing; Massive SDM Era; resource allocation; spatial channel networksIn the past few decades, the architecture of optical networks has undergone significant evolution, from the earliest wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks to elastic optical networks (EONs) and later to space-division multiplexing (SDM) EONs, to address the continuous growth of Internet traffic. By 2024, Pbps-level optical networks are expected, far exceeding the capacity limit of single-mode fibers. The massive SDM era is on the horizon. In this context, a newly designed architecture for optical networks called the spatial channel network (SCN) architecture, which achieves high cost efficiency by means of practical hierarchical optical cross-connects, has recently been proposed. However, the evolution of optical network architectures will simultaneously present challenges related to network optimization. For instance, with the evolution from WDM optical networks to EONs, the kernel network optimization problem was transformed from the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem into the routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) problem due to the additionally introduced constraint of spectrum contiguity. Similarly, specially designed algorithms are also expected to be essential for addressing the network optimization problem in SCNs. In this paper, we define this new problem as the routing, spatial channel, and spectrum assignment (RSCSA) problem. We propose an integer linear programming (ILP) model and a heuristic algorithm to solve the RSCSA problem. We examine the performance of the proposed approaches via simulation experiments. The results show that both proposed approaches are effective in finding the optimal solutions or solutions close to the lower bounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to focus on the network optimization problem in SCNs.tXie, Yajun; Li, Li; Xu, Qiang; Li, Xinyu; Huang, Haocheng; Huang, Yugang; Bei, Shaoyi; Zhang, Lanchun; Zheng, KeqingEffects of module size on the heat dissipation performance of the thermal management system for the battery module with cylindrical cellsqBattery thermal management system; Cylindrical lithium ion battery; Module size; Coolant velocity; Flow directionHHeat dissipation performances of battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) reported in the literature are usually evaluated based on the modules with different sizes. Yet, effects of module size on the cooling performance of liquid-cooling BTMS with mini-channel cold plates are still unclear, which makes the performance comparisons of BTMSs from different researches difficult. In this context, systematic numerical investigations are conducted in this work to analyze the t< hermal performances of cylindrical battery modules with rectangular array structures ranging from 4 x 8 to 4 x 16, 4 x 32 and 4 x 48. The results demonstrate that increased module size is unfavorable to the heat dissipation performance of BTMS, especially in terms of temperature uniformity. To ameliorate the heat dissipation performance of BTMS, extended studies are performed to analyze the thermal behaviors of BTMSs with different module sizes under various coolant velocities and flow direction arrangements. Special attention is paid to their cooling performances under low coolant velocities, which are commonly ignored in previous studies. Based on the results, merits and demerits of different optimization methods are elucidated via in-depth mechanism analyses. Importantly, ultra-low velocity (0.0025 m s-1 in this work) operation is found a promising method to ease the contradiction between the cooling performance and the increased energy consumption owing to the dramatically enhanced temperature uniformity. The results could provide useful guidance for the future design of BTMS in the cylindrical battery module.BWang, Qi; Chen, Xi; An, Qinglong; Chen, Ming; Guo, Hun; He, YafengMA tool wear prediction and monitoring method based on machining power signals=Tool wear prediction; Tool wear monitoring; Power consumption-CUTTING FORCES; FLANK WEAR; OPERATIONS; MODEL In the actual mechanical processing of difficult-to-process materials, normal or abnormal tool wear can lead to processing pauses or terminations, which seriously affects the processing accuracy and efficiency of workpieces, leading to workpiece scrapping. Therefore, predicting and monitoring tool wear during the actual machining process plays a crucial role in controlling tool costs and avoiding workpiece losses caused by tool wear. This paper proposed a tool wear prediction model based on power signals, which predicts tool wear by establishing a mapping between power signals and tool wear. Through drilling experiments for model calibration and validation, we verified that the proposed model can effectively predict tool wear under different parameters. In addition, based on the established prediction model, a real-time monitoring method for tool wear using power signals was proposed and implemented. Through experiments, it has been proven that the proposed method is suitable for monitoring normal and abnormal tool wear in actual machining.fJiang, Gang; Shao, Dong; Zong, Chenfeng; Chen, Gen; Huang, Jie; Lin, Cheng; Wang, Xudong; Zhang, YuweiVThermo-Mechanical Behavior of Long-Bored Energy Pile: A Full-Scale Field Investigation!KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGkGeothermal energy pile; Thermo-mechanical coupling; Axial force; Friction resistance; Full-scale field testEGROUND TEMPERATURE; HEAT-EXCHANGERS; PERFORMANCE; FOUNDATIONS; FOSSIL7A geothermal energy pile is a revolutionary piling technique that combines a pile foundation with a ground source heat pump system that not only supports the structure but also provides heating and cooling for buildings and bridges. The thermo-mechanical behavior of long energy piles in soft clay has rarely been investigated, despite their increasing utilization. A long floating energy pile with a length-to-diameter ratio of 66.7 was evaluated on its own and monitored in service of the supported structure in the city of Kunshan, China. With vertical mechanical loads, the experiment involved alternate cooling and heating cycles, allowing for careful analysis and assessment of the pile's temperature, stress, and displacement. Temperature-induced stress, axial force, and friction resistance of the pile shaft, as well as the change in displacement of the energy pile throughout building, were all studied. The field observations revealed without any surprise that a longer energy pile outperformed a shorter one in terms of heating exchange capacity with a more homogenous temperature distribution along the pile. Following a quasi-linear relationship with the temperature variation, the thermo-induced additional axial force soared with the larger lengt< h-diameter ratio of the pile and may even reach four times that of the pile under pure mechanical loads. Important additional settlements were also observed especially in cooling conditions. The shaft frictions along the long bored energy pile were found to have a complicated distribution, which requires further investigations.Li, Danhong; Mahmoud, Mustafa Z.; Suksatan, Wanich; Kuznetsova, Maria; Abed, Azher M.; Hekmatifar, Maboud; Toghraie, Davood; Sabetvand, RoozbehThermal behavior of water base-fluid in the presence of graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes: A molecular dynamics simulation>Molecular dynamics simulation; Thermal conductivity; Nanofluid&OXIDE; TEMPERATURE; NANOFLUID; NITRIDEThis study was examined the thermal behavior of graphene nanosheets/carbon nanotubes-water nanofluid using the molecular dynamics method. First, the atomic stability in simulated structures was investigated by examining kinetic and potential energies. The results of this part represent the convergence of physical quantities. Also, the simulated samples' atomic and thermal behavior was studied by examining independent variables, including the volume fraction and the dimensions of carbon nanoparticles (graphene nanosheets/carbon nanotubes). The molecular dynamics simulations show that with the addition of carbon nanoparticles (NPs) with optimal value (5%), the phase change time and the thermal conductivity of the simulated nanofluid were converged to 1.10 ns and 0.73 W/mK, respectively. Also, increasing the dimensions of carbon NPs leads to a reduction in the phase change time of the simulated structure. Numerically, by increasing the length of carbon NPs to 1 nm, the phase change time in this sample reduces to 1.02 ns? Generally, these results indicate that the thermal behavior of the water-based fluid improved with the addition of carbon NPs.yDang, Jiaqiang; Li, Yugang; Zhang, Xunxun; Zhang, Jingwei; Wang, Qi; An, Qinglong; Ming, Weiwei; Wang, Haowei; Chen, MingSurface fatigue characterization and its enhancement by the engineered ultrasonic rolling process for 300 M ultrahigh strength steel*THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICSTFatigue life of surface layer; 300M steel; Surface integrity; Crack initiation; USRP7PERFORMANCE; ROUGHNESS; INTEGRITY; BEHAVIOR; LIFE; TOOLNThe fatigue life of surface layer (FSL) is innovatively characterized to accurately capture the effect of surface integrity on the fatigue behavior of the components. The sensitivity of FSL of 300 M ultrahigh strength steel to the surface integrity indexes induced by representative manufacturing processes was analyzed by analytical modeling and fatigue tests from the perspective of engineering fracture mechanics. The ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) was introduced to optimize the fatigue limit of 300 M steel, and the improvement in fatigue life was experimentally quantified. Besides, the fracture analysis was conducted to provide the reason why USRP can enhance the fatigue behavior of 300 M steel. The results show that FSL occupies a majority with percentage of over 95 % in the entire fatigue life and a strong relation with the machined surface defects, especially the surface machining marks. The excellent surface finishing effect and high compressive residual stresses induced by engineered USRP could transfer the crack source from surface machining marks into subsurface inclusions, which greatly prolongs the fatigue crack initiation life and thereby the entire fatigue life. To be specific, the fatigue life was elevated by more than 40 times and the fatigue strength was increased by 34.7 % after USRP for the tested 300 M steel.:Liu, Linlin; Li, Chenying; Gu, Siwen; Zhang, Lei; Du, JiangOptimization-based framework for the synthesis of heat exchanger networks incorporating controllabilityIHeat exchanger networks; Controllability; Optimization; Control structuretCONTROL-STRUCTURE DESIGN; CHEMICAL-PROCESSES; UNCERTAINTY; INTEGRATION; OPERABILITY; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; WORK; COSTControllability issue of heat exchanger networks (HENS) has drawn an increasing atte< ntion in recent years. Currently, the study of controllability of HENs is still towards a certain network structure, which is still not able to integrate controllability within HEN synthesis. To overcome this challenge, a new two-stage optimization framework is proposed in this work to implement the HEN design with economy and controllability automatically incorporated. In the first stage, an iterative procedure is developed to incorporate the optimization of network and control structure. Two controllability rules, referring to network structure design and control loops selection, are introduced to ensure the initial network structure is endowed with good controllability property, and the disturbance propagation and control (DP&C) model is re-formulated based on superstructure presentation to perform the automatic evaluation of controllability. Afterwards, the decision variable optimization stage is executed to further optimize the results by taking the locations and fractions of bypasses as decision variables. Finally, two cases are studied and the results show that the controllability are improved by 10.6% and 30.0%, respectively, with a less increment of total cost. Based on the results, the inconsistent effect of bypass fraction on cost and controllability has been also discussed. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.'Tang, Siyuan; Zhou, Aiping; Li, JiannanSMechanical Properties and Strength Grading of Engineered Bamboo Composites in ChinaADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING+PARALLEL STRAND BAMBOO; FRACTURE PROPERTIES0Engineered bamboo composite (EBC) is a new high-strength anisotropic structural material, which has standardized sections and less inherent variability than the natural material. For safety reasons in structural applications, the characteristic values of mechanical behaviors are needed to build the design values utilized in practical application. Recent research studies on EBC focused on the mechanical properties from a single source, with little research on the sampling of the manufacturers. The present work investigates mechanical properties of two types of commercially available EBC-parallel strand bamboo (PSB) and laminated veneer bamboo (LVB). The main aim of this work is to evaluate the best probability distribution model (normal, lognormal, and Weibull) and mechanical properties for EBC in China and determine the characteristic values indicated by ASTM D2915. The mechanical properties in tensile, compression, and shear were evaluated using about 4300 small clear specimens from seven manufacturers in five raw bamboo origins of China. Based on the confidence band method, the strength grading of EBC subjected to compressive strength was developed with two predictors (density and MOE). By using intervals of each predictor, several strength grades were built. Each grade has the mean compressive strength, 5th percentile lower value (R-0.05), and characteristic value (R-k), which could be used in structural design. This research contributes to the establishment of EBC standards and is essential for further accepting these materials in structural engineering.GZhou, Yiyi; Chouery, Kim Eng; Xie, Jiang-Yue; Shu, Zhan; Jia, Liang-JiuOFull-range plasticity of novel high-performance low-cost stainless steel QN1803XChaboche model; memory surface; cyclic plasticity; high strength; stainless steel QN1803DUCTILE CRACK INITIATION; STRESS-STRAIN CURVES; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; BOLTED CONNECTIONS; CYCLIC PLASTICITY; STRUCTURAL-STEELS; FRACTURE MODEL; BEHAVIOR; PROPAGATION; DESIGNThis paper aims to investigate cyclic plasticity of a new type of high-performance austenitic stainless steel with both high strength and high ductility. The new stainless steel termed as QN1803 has high nitrogen and low nickel, which leads to reduction of cost ranging from 15% to 20%. Another virtue of the new material is its high initial yield strength and tensile strength. Its initial yield strength can be 40% to 50% higher than conventional stainless steel S30408. Elongation of QN1803 can also achieve approximately 50%, which is equivalent to the co< nventional one. QN1803 also has a corrosion resistance as good as that of S30408. In this paper, both experimental and numerical studies on the new material were conducted. Full -range true stress -true strain relationships under both monotonic and cyclic loading were obtained. A cyclic plasticity model based on the Chaboche model was developed, where a memory surface was newly added and the isotropic hardening rule was modified. A user -defined material subroutine was written, and the proposed cyclic plasticity model can well evaluate full -range hysteretic properties of the material under various loading histories.EZhao, Jianshe; Zhang, Xiangli; Yang, Zhenwen; Lu, Yanming; He, YafengqExperimental research on the optimization of precision electrochemical machining feed mode of diamond-hole grilleKDiamond hole; ECM; Feed mode; Packet pulse-matched; Stability; Localization%With a view to improve the stability and localization of electrochemical machining of diamond-shaped holes, as well as reducing stray corrosion of side walls, this paper proposes a packet pulse-matched composite feed mode based on linear feed and composite feed modes. After a study of those three feed modes, it is theoretically found that packet pulse-matched composite feed mode enhances the machining stability and localization of diamond holes. Based upon a self-developed vibrating feed ECM machine tool and packet pulse-matched control system, comparative tests conducted between cathode linear, composite, and packet pulse-matched composite feed modes show that packet pulse-matched composite feed mode has the capacity to optimize the process stability and localization of diamond holes markedly.!Li, Jianfen; Mou, Ben; Wang, ZianoCyclic behavior of column-to-column connections in novel prefabricated H-shaped steel beam to CFST column jointPrefabricated beam -to -column joint; Concrete -filled steel tubular column; Column -to -column connection; Flexural capacity; Finite element analysisCONCRETE; PERFORMANCE; DESIGNThis paper presents a novel form of prefabricated H-shaped steel beam to concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column joints. The behavior of such novel beam-to-column joints was investigated through cyclic loading tests on four joint specimens. The examined parameters included the thickness and the yield stress of the column steel tube, and the distance between the transfer sleeve and the flange of the steel beam. The hysteretic behavior, failure modes, flexural stiffness and capacity, and energy consumption of the joint specimens were discussed in detail. Particularly, the effectiveness of the proposed column-to-column connections, which are critical sections of the proposed joints, in transferring bending moments between column segments was evaluated. The test re-sults indicated that the proposed beam-to-column joints exhibited great flexural capacity and energy dissipation capacity. It was also found that the thickness and yield stress of the steel column tube significantly affect the flexural capacity of the column-column connection and the shear deformation of the panel zone. Finally, accurate finite element model was developed for the prediction of main mechanical properties, such as initial stiffness, yield strength, and maximum strength.Zhang, Yecheng]Current behavior-based open-switch fault on-line diagnosis of inverters in PMSM drive systemsjFault diagnosis; Current behavior; Open -circuit fault; Permanent magnet synchronous motor; Fault location%OPEN-CIRCUIT FAULTS; CONVERTERS; IGBTThe power switches of inverters in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems are prone to breaking down and may cause open-circuit fault (OC) due to high electrical and thermal stresses. This paper presents an OC fault diagnostic method of inverters in closed-loop controlled PMSM drive systems based on current behavior. A new detection scheme indicating the relationship between the OC fault and the current behavior variation are constructed. This scheme has the ability to detect the fault within one eighth of a current cycle. Meanwhile, a key tra< nsition model including 2 faulty states and 1 recovery state for the location of single -switch and double-switch OC faults are proposed for the first time. A total of 21 kinds of OC faults can be rapidly located. Experimental results validate that the proposed method has the advantage of fast fault diagnosis, ac-curate fault switch location and good robustness.JHua, Hongliang; Liao, Zhenqiang; Wu, Xiaofeng; Chen, Yongjiang; Feng, Chun;A back-drivable linear force actuator for adaptive graspingQSeries elastic actuator; Robotic gripper; Adaptive grasping; Force control; RobotZSERIES ELASTIC ACTUATOR; ROBOTIC GRIPPER; SOFT; MANIPULATION; MECHANISM; COMPLIANT; DESIGN Robotic gripper is a fundamental component of robot to achieve grasping operations. Grasping force control is an essential requirement for the robotic gripper to achieve adaptive grasping and safety. This paper presents a linear series elastic actuator (LSEA) for robotic grasping applications. The proposed LSEA is characterized as miniature, back-drivable, compact and modular, which could effectively reduce the integrating difficulty of the robotic gripper system. A novel blocking control strategy for actuating force control is proposed to enhance the control stability of the LSEA. Model identification experiments are performed to identify the control models for the actuating force control and self-sensing. Actuating force control experiments are then performed to verify the effectiveness of the established control models. Experimental results reveal that the LSEA could achieve stable actuating force control when interacting with the objects with variable stiffness. An underactuated finger mechanism is utilized to experimentally verify the effectiveness of the proposed LSEA in robotic grasping applications. Results reveal that the grasping adaptability and strength could be controlled by the LSEA in a feedforward approach without the requirement of fingertip force sensor.0Hua, Hongliang; Liao, Zhenqiang; Chen, YongJiangDA 1-Dof bidirectional graspable finger mechanism for robotic gripperAFinger mechanism; Bidirectional grasping; Robotic gripper; DesignDESIGN; COMPLIANT; HANDThe grasping flexibility and control simplicity are essential requirements for robotic gripper. Take above requirements into consideration, we present a 1-Dof four-bar finger mechanism which could produce bidirectional symmetric grasping motion and exhibit a bidirectional grasping ability like soft gripper. The finger mechanism could not only to grasp the object's outer surface from outside to inside, but also able to extend itself from inside to outside and grasp the inner surface of the object. The effects of structural parameters of the finger mechanism on kinematic behavior have been investigated by kinematic modeling and simulations, and some design suggestions are given. A gripper prototype composed of two finger mechanisms is developed, and the effectiveness of the finger mechanism in bidirectional grasping is validated by grasping experiments. Results reveal that due to the symmetrical movement of the two finger mechanisms, they could apply a pair of symmetrical grasping force to the object and keep the stability of the grasping.QShen, Yujie; Qiu, Dongdong; Yang, Xiaofeng; Chen, Junjie; Guo, Yan; Zhang, TianyifVibration Isolation Performance Analysis of a Nonlinear Fluid Inerter-Based Hydro-Pneumatic SuspensionSInerter; hydro-pneumatic suspension; NSGA-II; parasitic damping force; ride comfortSYSTEM2To further enhance the ride comfort of vehicles, a new type of fluid inerter-based hydro-pneumatic suspension (FI-HPS) is proposed. First, this paper combines the fluid type inerter with the dual-chamber hydro-pneumatic suspension (DHPS) and fully considers the nonlinear factors. The nonlinear dynamic model of the fluid inerter is derived, and three structural models, namely the traditional DHPS S0, the ideal FI-HPS S1, and the nonlinear FI-HPS S2, are established. Then, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed to optimize the key parameters of the S1 and S2 suspens< ions. With the S0 suspension as a comparison subject, the simulation results show that the S2 suspension can significantly improve the vehicle's ride comfort performance. In terms of the time-domain analysis, the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the vehicle body acceleration is reduced by 20.5%, the RMS value of the suspension working space is reduced by 12.7%, and the RMS value of the dynamic tire load is reduced by 8.0%. The frequency domain results indicate that the S2 suspension can effectively reduce the suspension offset frequency vibration, with a more significant effect at low frequencies. Upon analysis of impulsive road conditions, the peak-to-peak (PTP) value of the vehicle body acceleration is reduced by 14.2%, and the PTP value of the suspension working space is reduced by 6.3%. It is revealed that the inclusion of the nonlinear parasitic damping force in the fluid inerter can effectively enhance the overall performance of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system.eYang, Yang; Wang, Hui; Hu, Qixiang; Ji, Leilei; He, Zhaoming; Shi, Weidong; Song, Xiangyu; Zhou, LingTwo-phase flow investigation of sewage pumps with different tip clearance via computational fluid dynamics and multi-factor ANOVA9ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICSdSewage pump; two-phase flow; tip clearance; multi-factor analysis of variance; hydraulic performance2DESIGN; MODELS; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; TURBINERSewage pumps are widely utilized in various applications, including municipal wastewater treatment plants, industrial processes, and residential sewage systems. These pumps are specifically designed to handle the transportation of mixtures consisting of solid and liquid components, commonly observed as two-phase flow. In this study, semi-open sewage pumps with varying clearance sizes have been examined through adjustment of the geometrical model. Multi-factor analysis of variance is employed to investigate the combined influence of different two-phase flow conditions and tip clearance sizes on the performance of sewage pumps. The results show that the performance of the pump decreases significantly as the clearance size increases. Also, the sensitivity of pump efficiency to variations in tip clearance size is contingent upon the flow rate. Under part-load conditions, both particle concentration and clearance size exhibit a notable effect on efficiency. The two-phase flow will greatly enhance the intensity of the unsteady flow near the inlet and outlet of the semi-open impeller, which is the main reason for the performance degradation of the sewage pump. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for enhancing the hydraulic performance and operational stability of semi-open sewage pumps operating under two-phase flow conditions.FCao, Zhongli; Liu, Zhidong; Wang, Xiangzhi; Qiu, Mingbo; Hui, ZhiguangbMonopulse electrical discharge machining ablation drilling technology for Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloyAEDM; Ti-6Al-4V; Monopulse; Ablation; Drilling; Efficient; Cutting"EDM PROCESS; PARAMETERS; MECHANISM`A high-current monopulse electrical discharge machining (EDM) discharge ablation technique (i.e., monopulse EDM ablation) to drill Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates is proposed. The activated surface material that employs discharge energy as induced energy induces a dramatic combustion reaction with oxygen. Perforation under the monopulse discharge effect is achieved depending on ablation energy produced by the metal oxidation reaction. A system with a monopulse generator is established to perform a monopulse EDM ablation drilling experiment on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The mechanism is analyzed. Mechanism analysis indicates that the process of monopulse EDM ablation drilling generally has five stages, namely, monopulse discharge and formation of the activated area, violent oxidation of the discharge point, oxidation hindered by the oxide layer, transmissible ablation extension, and downward ablation layer by layer. Tests of via holes are performed to compare EDM drilling and monopulse EDM ablation drilling. Results show that per< foration is achieved at 500 mu s by monopulse EDM ablation drilling for a 10-mm thick titanium alloy plate. However, the machining efficiency of EDM drilling is low (the machining time is 160 s) and cannot meet the value required by high-efficiency machining. The technology can be applied to cutting Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates.<Ding, Chuan; Xu, Weilong; Wang, Min; Zeng, Xueqin; Wang, WeiuMicrostructure controlled ZnCo2O4/C microhydrangea nanocomposites as highly reliable anodes for lithium-ion batteriescitrate-assisted solvothermal process; composite pattern; cyclic reliability; high rate performance; lithium ion batteries; ZnCo2O4; C microhydrangeasDOPED CARBON; FACILE SYNTHESIS; FLOWER-LIKE; PERFORMANCE; CAPACITY; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; COMPOSITES; PRECURSORSZnCo2O4/C microhydrangeas with controllable microstructure are successfully synthesized through a simple citrate-guided solvothermal method and following thermal decomposition. The experimental results reveal that the citrate-directed self-regulation of Zn-Co-EG agglomerates play a critical role in the formation of the hydrangea-like precursors. When applied as anode material in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), ZnCo2O4/C microhydrangeas exhibited high available capacities of 964.6 mAh g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) after 200 cycles and 704.4 mAh g(-1) at 4 A g(-1) over 1000 cycles. The excellent reliability is attributed to the superior microstructure that provides many benefits including enhanced electron or ion transport and improved structure stability, etc.bNi, Hong-yang; Liu, Jiang-feng; Pu, Hai; Chen, Xu; Song, Yang; Mao, Xian-biao; Skoczylas, FredericjMicroscopic Pore Structure and Improved Permeability Characterization of COx Argillite Based on SEM ImagesRCOx argillite; SEM images; Pore size distribution; Permeability; Contribution ratePGAS-PERMEABILITY; WATER-CONTENT; QUANTIFICATION; BENTONITE; SANDSTONE; MIGRATIONPermeability is one of the important parameters to evaluate the long-term sealing performance of Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillite for high-level radioactive waste repository. In this study, scanning electron microscope images were used to analyze the pore structure of COx argillite. The pore size distributions (PSD) obtained by the discrete algorithm and two continuous algorithms (Munch continuous algorithm and Song algorithm) are quite different, the range of pore size obtained by the discrete algorithm is larger than those obtained by continuous algorithms. The results of continuous algorithms are closer to that from mercury intrusion porosimetry. For the permeability prediction, the continuous methods show better results, but there is still a big gap. By further considering the contribution of pores with different sizes to permeability, the results obtained by continuous methods are very close to the measured result. The values of A2 obtained by the Munch continuous algorithm are 2.2 x 10(-16), 1.8 x 10(-16), and 0.94 x 10(-16) m(2) for magnifications ranging from 2,000 to 8,000 times; the corresponding values obtained by the Song algorithm are 2.42 x 10(-16), 2.02 x 10(-16), and 1.12 x 10(-16) m(2), respectively, while the laboratory result is 1.67 x 10(-16) m(2). More accurate permeability can be obtained by more representative PSD. Therefore, for soil materials with uniform pore distribution, more accurate permeability can be obtained by considering continuous algorithms and pore contribution rate.8Gu, Siwen; Zhang, Lei; Zhuang, Yu; Du, Jian; Shao, ChengbIntegrated synthesis and control of heat exchanger networks with dynamic flexibility considerationhHeat exchanger networks; Integrated synthesis and control; Dynamic flexibility; Model predictive controlOPTIMIZATION; DESIGNFlexible synthesis and control which can be both used to reduce the influences of disturbances on heat exchanger networks are often considered as two separate issues assisting network development at different stages. A proper integration of these separate yet connected tasks carries the promise of achieving superior designs. Currently, the study of integration o< f heat exchanger networks is still towards a sequential procedure consisting of initial flexible synthesis based on steady-state economic calculations followed by a controller. To overcome this challenge, based on the stage-wise superstructure, an optimization framework in this work is presented to address dynamic flexible synthesis and advanced control simultaneously for maximizing performance in face of disturbances. The framework is based on a sequential iterative procedure that decomposes the overall problem into two stages. The first stage is performed by the dynamic flexibility analysis where the design variables are chosen. In the second stage, the optimization variables are adjusted during the discrete time intervals on the realizations of the control actions and the variation ranges of outlet stream temperatures. The sequential iterative is to map the temperature regulations to the network configuration retrofits. The application to two case studies indicates that the proposed framework returns solutions which are considerably better all in terms of dynamic flexibility, economics and control performance than those published in literature. Compared to previous literature studies, the optimized solutions feature a total annual cost reduction up to 14.95%, a decrease in control action up to 48.58% and an increase in control performance up to 61.83%. Moreover, the application to two case studies indicates that allows solving a real-world problem with up to 26 hot streams and 29 cold streams (leading to models with a size of 523 binary variables and 1655 equations).sQin, Hanli; Cheng, Jia; Zhou, Pin; Ji, Zhenyuan; Peng, Hongyuan; Shen, Xiaoping; Zhou, Hu; Zhu, Guoxing; Yang, JuanmIn situ semi-etching of bimetallic LDH nanosheet arrays into FeNi-LDH/ MOF to boost oxygen evolution reaction_Metal organic frameworks; Layered double hydroxide; Electrocatalysts; Oxygen evolution reactionThe inherent sluggish kinetics of water oxidation is the core issue for electrochemical hydrogen production from water splitting. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable porous structures, abundant coordination metal centers and large specific surface area are expected as efficient electrocatalysts. In this paper, FeNi-LDH/MOF composite nanostructures were successfully constructed on carbon cloth (CC) through partially converting iron-nickel layered double hydroxide (FeNi-LDH) into FeNi-MOF (NiFe(CN) 5 NO) by an in-situ semi-etching method. The MOF nanocrystals in this material are in-situ decorated on the surface of FeNi-LDH nanosheets, providing abundant open active sites and mass transfer channels for electrocatalysis. Thanks to the synergistic effect of the LDH and MOF, as well as the exceptional hierarchical architecture, the FeNi-LDH/MOF/CC as a selfsupported electrode exhibits distinguished electrocatalytic OER performance, with a low overpotential of 263 mV@100 mA cm -2 and a small Tafel slope of 50.2 mV dec -1 in 1.0 M KOH. In addition, the catalyst exhibits good durability with almost constant current density during 24 h OER test. This work provides an effective way to design high -performance MOFs-based composite electrocatalytic materials.wGlobal fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics analysis of an open air-cooled drive motor for drilling applicationxThermal management; Open air-cooling; Multi-physics coupling analysis; Cooling improvement; Fluid-thermal characteristicOPTIMIZATION; DESIGN; ROTARYThe stator winding temperature rise of variable frequency induction motor (VFIM) with high current density may be too high during operation, which properly causes motor breakdowns. Therefore, it is essential to conduct thermal management for VFIM. In this paper, a 600kW VFIM with the open air-cooling is studied at the point of thermal. A compact cooling improvement structure, axial ventilation guide vane, is proposed to strengthen the heat dissipation capacity of the motor. The global numerical model based on the multi-physics bidirectional coupling method is established to provide a comprehensive understanding of fluid-thermal chara< cteristics in the motor. Based on simulation results, the cooling improvement is analyzed and discussed from multiple perspectives, such as temperature, flow, vortex, etc. It is concluded that the proposed structure can reduce the maximum and average temperature rise of the stator winding by 1.4K and 0.7K, respectively. Moreover, the effect of installation location on the cooling effect is investigated. When the proposed structure is installed on both sides, the overall heat dissipation power rises to 42299.7W. The experiment was also conducted to verify the simulation results. The relative error between simulation results and experimental data is 4.4%.MHou, Zhuoran; Guo, Jianhua; Li, Jihao; Hu, Jinchen; Sun, Wen; Zhang, Yuanjian{Exploration the pathways of connected electric vehicle design: A vehicle-environment cooperation energy management strategyInternet of vehicles (IoVs); Vehicle-environment cooperation; Radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN); Extreme gradient boosting decision tree; (XGBoost); Improved beetle antennae search (iBAS); algorithm; Energy management strategy (EMS) PREDICTIONThe advance in Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) enables an information-aggregated environment, underpinning the connected electric vehicle (cEV) development. The sensed multi-range driving condition information can consummate energy management in cEVs. IoVs based cEV design is in initial stage. The solutions that demon-strate the critical role of IoVs in optimal energy management in real time have not reach to state-of-the-art. In this study, a vehicle-environment cooperation energy management strategy (VEC-EMS) is proposed for cEV based on the explicitly framed cooperation mechanism in IoVs. First, an IoVs framework and inner cooperation mechanism are elaborated. Then, the VEC-EMS, empowered robustness to varying driving conditions in real-time optimal implementation, is designed. The adaptability to driving conditions is attained by a future vehicle status observer (FVSO), which integrates the improved radial basis function neural network (iRBF-NN) based velocity prediction and extreme gradient boosting decision tree (XGBoost) based driving condition identification. The optimality in instant energy management is accomplished via dynamic assignment of the optimized control thresholds according to the results of FVSO. The control thresholds are optimized by the improved Beetle Antennae Search (iBAS). At last, evaluation manifests that the proposed EMS can manage power flow within the electric powertrain, highlighting its anticipated preferable performance which increases by nearly 8% compared with a normal rule-based energy management strategy.(Wang, Ling; Zhao, Hongyong; Sha, ChunlinTDynamical stability in a delayed neural network with reaction-diffusion and couplingNONLINEAR DYNAMICSgDelayed neural network; Reaction-diffusion term; Bifurcation; Absolute stability; Conditional stabilityTIME-VARYING DELAYS; GLOBAL EXPONENTIAL STABILITY; HOPF-BIFURCATION ANALYSIS; PATTERN-FORMATION; TRAVELING-WAVES; MODEL; SYNCHRONIZATION; TERMS; LOOPS; NEURONSIn this paper, a delayed neural network with reaction-diffusion and coupling is considered. The network consists of two sub-networks each with two neurons. In the first instance, some parameter regions are identified by employing partial functional differential equation theory. Moreover, sufficient conditions of stationary bifurcation and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation are also derived. Further, analytical results and illustrations are proved for the case where the unstable trivial equilibrium point becomes stable in the presence of reaction-diffusion terms with appropriate values. We emphasize that the non-trivial role of diffusions is enlarging the stability region in the system described by PDE, comparing with the corresponding system described by DDE. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the efficiency of the theoretical analysis and provide comparisons with some existing literature.6Xu, Zhuofan; Wei, Ruixuan; Zhao, Xiaolin; Wang, Shulei=Coordinated Standoff Target Tracking < Guidance Method for UAVs@Unmanned aerial vehicles; aerospace control; aircraft navigation OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; VECTOR FIELDWe need a coordinated control method to continuously track a moving target using a group of UAVs. In this paper, we study the predicted reference point guidance method, where the target is considered to move with a constant velocity in a very short time window and the trajectories of the UAVs are designed as several tiny arcs around the target. The control law of the UAV is divided into roll angle control and velocity control. Simulations are used to verify that the proposed control laws have smaller standoff distances and phase angle control errors than the Lyapunov vector field guidance and model-based predictive control, and the wind is considered in the simulation, too. Therefore, we show that our proposed method has higher steady state accuracy among existing techniques.'Wang, Yonghu; Chang, Ray C.; Jiang, WeiAssessment of flight dynamic and static aeroelastic behaviors for jet transport aircraft subjected to instantaneous high g-loads-AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGYStructural integrity; Structural integrity; Clear-air turbulence; Flight data mining; Non-destructive inspection; Static aeroelastic behavior*CONTROL SURFACE; QAR DATA; DESIGN; SYSTEMS'Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a quick inspection method based on the post-flight data to examine static aeroelastic behavior for transport aircraft subjected to instantaneous high g-loads. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, the numerical approach of static aeroelasticity and two verified cases will be presented. The non-linear unsteady aerodynamic models are established through flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling of artificial intelligence techniques based on post-flight data. The first and second derivatives of flight dynamic and static aeroelastic behaviors, respectively, are then estimated by using these aerodynamic models. Findings The flight dynamic and static aeroelastic behaviors with instantaneous high g-load for the two transports will be analyzed and make a comparison study. The circumstance of turbulence encounter of the new twin-jet is much serious than that of four-jet transport aircraft, but the characteristic of stability and controllability for the new twin-jet is better than those of the four-jet transport aircraft; the new twin-jet transport is also shown to have very small aeroelastic effects. The static aeroelastic behaviors for the two different types can be assessed by using this method. Practical implications As the present study uses the flight data stored in a quick access recorder, an intrusive structural inspection of the post-flight can be avoided. A tentative conclusion is to prove that this method can be adapted to examine the static aeroelastic effects for transport aircraft of different weights, different sizes and different service years in tracking static aeroelastic behavior of existing different types of aircraft. In future research, one can consider to have more issues of other types of aircraft with high composite structure weight. Originality/value This method can be used to assist airlines to monitor the variations of flight dynamic and static aeroelastic behaviors as a complementary tool for management to improve aviation safety, operation and operational efficiency.iLi, Xue; Zhou, Ning; Chen, Bing; Zhang, Qian; Rasouli, Vamegh; Liu, Xuanya; Huang, Weiqiu; Kong, LingchenJNumerical Simulation of Leakage and Diffusion Process of LNG Storage TanksXLNG leakage and diffusion; combustible cloud; phase change; plume flow; leakage apertureDISPERSION; RELEASE'To investigate the evolution process of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) liquid pool and gas cloud diffusion, the Realizable k-epsilon model and Eluerian model were used to numerically simulate the liquid phase leakage and diffusion process of LNG storage tanks. The experimental results showed that some LNG flashed and vaporized rapidly to form a combustible cloud during the continuous leakage. The diffusion of the ex< plosive cloud was divided into heavy gas accumulation, entrainment heat transfer, and light gas drift. The vapor cloud gradually separated into two parts from the whole fan leaf shape . One part was a heavy gas cloud; the other part was a light gas cloud that spread with the wind in the downwind direction. The change of leakage aperture had a greater impact on the whole spill and dispersion process of the storage tank. The increasing leakage aperture would lead to 10.3 times increase in liquid pool area, 78.5% increase in downwind dispersion of methane concentration at 0.5 LFL, 22.6% increase in crosswind dispersion of methane concentration at 0.5 LFL, and 249% increase in flammable vapor cloud volume. Within the variation range of the leakage aperture, the trend of the gas cloud diffusion remained consistent, but the time for the liquid pool to keep stable and the gas cloud to enter the next diffusion stage was delayed. The low-pressure cavity area within 200 m of the leeward surface of the storage tank would accumulate heavy gas for a long time, forming a local high concentration area, which should be an area of focus for alert prediction.WMulti-objective Optimization Strategy for Continuous Drilling Parameters of SuperalloysQINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING-GREEN TECHNOLOGYnMulti-objective parameter optimization; Tool life modelling; Energy consumption modelling; NSGA - II; DrillingFUZZY-LOGIC; WEARThere are a large number of holes to be machined on aeroengine components such as blisks, casings, etc. In order to ensure position accuracy, these holes usually need to be drilled continuously in one process. To ensure the machining quality of holes, either replacing the cutting tools in advance leads to an increase in manufacturing costs, or adjusting process parameters leads to a decrease in production efficiency, which is difficult to meet the requirements of efficient and low-cost manufacturing. In response to this issue, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization strategy for the process parameters of porous continuous drilling of superalloys alloys. A unified mathematical model for multi-objective optimization of drilling parameters has been established, and a tool life prediction model based on machining parameters and a machining process energy consumption model have been established as objective functions. The proposed optimization strategy can select different optimization strategies for different optimization objectives, including: maximum tool life, minimum machining energy consumption, and multi-objective drilling parameter optimization. Finally, experimental verification was conducted on the proposed strategy, and the results showed that the proposed optimization strategy can significantly reduce drilling processing energy consumption and increase the service life of drilling tools.QWang, Sheng-Chuan; Dou, Lin-Ming; Wang, Zheng-Yi; Bai, Jin-Zheng; Chai, Yan-JiangMechanism of Coal Bursts Induced by Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply Inclined Coal Seams and Application of Microseismic Multiparameter Monitoring in Early WarningROCK BURST; VELOCITY TOMOGRAPHYCoal bursts occurring in steeply inclined coal seams (SICSs) are increasingly severe. To solve this problem, a mechanical model for the distribution of static stress on coal-rock masses along panels and the distribution of dynamic load induced by the breakage of thick and hard roofs with propagation distance was established. The stress characteristics after a superposition of dynamic and static loads on the roof and floor roadways (R-r and R-f) were determined. In addition, precursory information characteristics and index sensitivities of four indices for dynamic loads and the CT index for static loads based on seismic tomography were separately analyzed. The monitoring and warning indices for SICSs and flat seams were compared. The results showed that the static stress of R-r was significantly higher than that of R-f, which provided a basis for the stress-triggering coal burst behaviors. Three indices for dynamic loads and<  seismic tomography results exhibited remarkable precursory information and high sensitivity. However, the performance of lack of shock index is poor. The continuous anomaly and the contradiction of indices at R-r and R-f can be considered as precursory information for predicting coal bursts.BChen, Jianfeng; Ye, Yicai; Wu, Qiang; Langari, Reza; Tang, Chuanye|Low-Cost and High-Performance Adaptive Cruise Control Based on Inertial-Triggered Mechanism and Multi-Objective Optimization)IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGYmInertial-triggered mechanism; Multi-objective optimization; adaptive cruise control; model predictive controlMODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; IMPROVING FUEL-ECONOMY; ELECTRIC VEHICLES; CONTROL STRATEGY; CONTROL-SYSTEM; STABILITY; MINIMIZE; MPCThe accelerating-decelerating logic adopted by the traditional adaptive cruise control system fails to exploit vehicle's inertial energy. This paper proposes a high-performance adaptive cruise control system with common hardware configuration based on inertial-triggered mechanism and multi-objective optimization. In the control strategy, a simple method is adopted to predict preceding vehicle's acceleration. On the basis of the zero-crossing points extracted from the predicted acceleration, the inertial-triggered mechanism is established to reasonably configurate host vehicle's accelerating-inertial driving-decelerating logic. Then, within the framework of model predictive control algorithm, multiple objectives are optimized by properly releasing the kinetic energy stored in vehicle inertia. Verification results show that when the proposed control strategy is employed, fuel economy can achieve relatively evident growth while braking time is decreased by 16.4% to efficiently improve vehicle safety.8Chen, Lianmeng; Jiang, Zhichao; Gao, Weifeng; Zhou, Yiyi[Identification and Adjustment of the Pretension Deviation in Cable-Strut Tensile StructuresjCable-strut tensile structures; Construction error; Error analysis; Error identification; Error adjustment7Construction errors inevitably arise in real cable-strut tensile structures. Nevertheless, construction error analysis and evaluation, as well as methods to identify the source of the errors and proper adjustment methods to compensate for these errors, remain in their infancies. In this study, the relationship between pretension deviation and element length deviation is first established based on the three basic equations for pin-joint structures. On this basis, identification methods are proposed to identify the sources of the pretension deviation caused by the active cable length deviation and the pretension deviation caused by both the active and the passive cable length deviations. Using measured data, an adjustment method is developed for the pretension deviation under different scenarios. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the adjustment method for the pretension deviation is discussed using the evaluation indices. Finally, a case study is presented and demonstrates that the proposed identification method can identify the sources of the pretension deviations. The number of adjusted cables will affect the level of adjustment for the pretension deviation. During the adjustment of the pretension deviation, different adjustment methods will result in different shape deviations and different maximum displacements.6She, Gui-Lin; Ma, Zhong-Shi; Li, Cheng; Eltaher, M. A.Geometrically nonlinear transient response of graphene platelets reinforced metal foams arbitrary quadrilateral plates under blast loadYNonlinear transient response; Blast load; Quadrilateral plates; Von karman's nonlinearity%UNIFIED FORMULATION; VIBRATION; THICKYDue to its geometric flexibility, the arbitrary straight-side quadrilateral plate structure is applied in various engineering practices. This article explores the nonlinear transient response of arbitrary straight-side quadrilateral plates under pulse load, in which the graphene platelets reinforced metal foams (GPLRMF) material is taken into account due to their advantages of light-weight, high-strength and lo< ng service. Firstly, considering thermal factor, the nonlinear transient response model of quadrilateral plates is established based on the firstorder shear deformation theory (FSDT) and von-Karman's nonlinearity, where the effect of viscoelastic foundation is included. Then, the irregular physical domain is transformed into a regular computational domain through the four-point mapping procedure. Subsequently, the nonlinear transient response solution of the quadrilateral plate is obtained through Galerkin discretization and Runge-Kutta method. The accuracy of the present formulation in predicting the nonlinear transient response behavior of quadrilateral plates is illustrated by the convergent analysis and comparative study. Through preliminary parametric research, the effects of material parameters, load parameters, temperature, and shape parameters on the transient response of quadrilateral plates subjected to pulse load are demonstrated.ADai, Guozhong; Sheng, Yanmin; Pan, Yutao; Shi, Guicai; Li, Shujin[Application of a Bentonite Slurry Modified by Polyvinyl Alcohol in the Cutoff of a LandfillMUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; UNCONTROLLED LANDFILL; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; SOIL; PERFORMANCE; ADSORPTION; COMPOSITE; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; CEMENT#Soil-bentonite cutoff walls are usually used to contain the contaminants of landfills. The pumpability, permeability, and adsorption capability of the slurry are all crucial to the performance of the cutoff wall. In this study, the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to improve the performance of bentonite slurry. A series of lab tests were conducted to evaluate the pumpability, permeability, and adsorption capacity with different concentrations of PVA treatment. Results show that the addition of PVA can increase the fluidity and pumpable period of slurry, which facilitates the casting and grouting during construction. The addition of PVA also helps to reduce the permeability coefficient of slurry and improve the adsorption capability which enhances the cutoff performance of the walls.6Wang, Yong; Xu, Bingbing; Chen, Wenlong; Meng, HaodongxVehicle shimmy performance analysis using inerter-based suppression mechanism and considering steering linkage clearance-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICSqInerter-based suppression mechanism; Steering linkage clearance; Bifurcation analysis; Vehicle shimmy performance4BIFURCATION CHARACTER; VIBRATION; SYSTEM; PARAMETERSVehicle shimmy could occur in the running process when the wheel encounters external disturbance, which affects the vehicle safety and stability. Four types of passive inerter-based suppression mechanisms are proposed to enhance the vehicle shimmy performance, the steering linkage clearance is considered as the nonlinear factor existing in the vehicle system. The vehicle shimmy model using inerter-based suppression mechanism and considering steering linkage clearance is established according to the Lagrange theory, the vehicle shimmy performance is studied based on the bifurcation analysis theory, the stable area and limit cycle oscillation (LCO) magnitude are acquired and compared for different suppression mechanisms. The effect of steering linkage clearance and structural parameters of the inerter-based suppression mechanisms on the vehicle shimmy performance is investigated. The results show that the inerter-based suppression mechanism can reduce the unstable area dominated by left and right steering shimmy significantly, shrink the vehicle shimmy occurred speed range and decrease the maximum LCO magnitude of the front wheel swing motion. When the steering linkage clearance exists and increases, the unstable area, vehicle shimmy occurred speed range and maximum LCO magnitude increase significantly, the vehicle motion can change from periodic to quasi-periodic or even chaotic, which degenerates the vehicle shimmy performance. Furthermore, larger inertance of the inerter and smaller stiffness of the auxiliary spring, larger contact stiffness and friction damping in the steering linkage clearance is better to suppress the vehicle sh< immy. In addition, the inerter-based suppression mechanism can decrease the wheel swing angle around longitudinal axis and vertical dynamic tire load, which improves the suspension performance and further shows its advantage. Therefore, the inerter-based suppression mechanism can effectively suppress the vehicle shimmy and gives guiding significance for vehicle damping component design.,Li, Jiannan; Wang, Brad Jianhe; Zhou, JunwenWThe reliability-based design and optimization procedures for a heavy-duty pallet systemaPallet; reliability; first-order second-moment method; laminated veneer lumber; design proceduresRLAMINATED VENEER LUMBER; PULL-OUT STRENGTH; GLULAM PARALLEL; WOODEN PALLETS; GRAINShipping heavy-duty goods or equipment is being a new sector recently, and the pallet is rather important. In this article, a comparison of various materials revealed that laminated veneer lumber was ideal for heavy-duty packaging industry. For various pallets with random parameters, a hybrid reliability optimization design method was proposed, which aimed to provide an effective computational tool for reliability design of pallet system. With first-order second-moment method, the separation and combination of component and system failure probabilities were obtained. Several case studies were included to illustrate the computational procedures, as well as to discuss the effects of dimension and quantity of members. Using design of experiment method, the sensitivities of each parameter were significant, and the optimization of whole system was realized. To reduce the cost, recycling and standardization were worth considering in the future.Gu, Yan; Wang, Qi; Gu, WanliNThe Innovative Application of Visual Communication Design in Modern Art Design ELECTRONICSXartificial intelligence; visual communication design; modern art design; virtual reality/In the context of the rapid development of economy and culture, people's requirements for material and culture are constantly increasing, and the relationship between graphic design and human life is also increasingly close. With the continuous development of Internet of Things technology, information exchange between people and things can be realized by using various sensing devices, and innovative modern art can be established. Therefore, the focus of culture has gradually shifted to the field of visualization. However, in the visual communication design, the product design method of mainly two-dimensional plan and supplemented by three-dimensional model, on the one hand, cannot maximize the intuitive effect of three-dimensional modeling, thus affecting the efficiency of design; on the other hand, problems such as information incoordination and resource waste are likely to occur. In short, people's requirements for design have changed from a two-dimensional plane space to a three-dimensional space, and a two-dimensional plane design can no longer meet people's growing demand for artistic design. Aiming at tackling these problems, this paper proposed to establish a visual communication system based on artificial intelligence (AI). Through this method, the image can be made clearer and has a larger field of view and magnification. At the same time, the system was applied to modern art design, which is a type of innovation. The experimental results showed that the maximum distortion of the system designed in this paper was approximately 15%, and the maximum distortion of the traditional sample was about 20%. Compared with conventional samples, this system has great advantages in graphics transformation. In addition, the chromatic aberration of the optical system can be corrected to improve the imaging effect.HLi, Zhiyong; He, Xiuli; Li, Shaoxia; Kan, Xinfeng; Yin, Yanjun; Yu, GangkSulfur-induced transitions of thermal behavior and flow dynamics in laser powder bed fusion of 316L powders(THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESSMelt pool dynamics; Thermal behavior; Fluid flow; Surface-active element; Laser powder bed fusion; 3D printing and additive manufacturing`FLUID-FLOW; METALLIC COMPONENTS; PHASE< -CHANGE; CONVECTION; HEAT; POROSITY; DENUDATION; TRANSPORTA three-dimensional (3D) powder-scale model is developed to analyze the melt pool dynamics in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of 316L powders considering the transition of melt pool dynamics induced by sulfur element. In sulfur-free situation, thermal behavior and fluid flow are modeled involving 3D details. In sulfur-considered situation, sulfur-effect on melt pool dynamics is simulated with the surface tension described by the function of local temperature and the sulfur content. It is concluded that heat transfer is dominated by convection flow, and surface tension is the most important driving force. When the sulfur-effect is absent, surface tension increases from center to the periphery, inducing a centrally outward Marangoni convection. In the situation of 0.03% sulfur, surface tension first increases then decreases from center to the boundary, resulting in the novel flow pattern of combined outward-inward flow. Probing the underlying physical details induced by sulfur-effect, it makes melt pool dynamics more complex with more vortexes, and the sulfur-induced backward branch flow at the transverse view is benefit for the reduction of surface roughness. Furthermore, more vortexes, more branch flow, and more mixing positions of branch flow (MPBF) are observed in the sulfur-considered situation, which induces the increasing flow complexity, the drop of temperature gradient and driving force, as well as the decreasing flow intensity. Moreover, the variation of sulfur content leads to significant transitions of thermal behavior, driving force, and dynamic characteristics. Fundamental conclusions contribute significantly to the comprehensive understanding of the physical process in L-PBF of 316L powders.8Hua, Hongliang; Song, Jie; Zhao, Jingbo; Liao, ZhenqiangOSensor-Less Grasping Force Control of a Pneumatic Underactuated Robotic GripperRgrasping; robotic gripper; force control; mechanism design; grasping and fixturing DRIVEN; MODELThe primary motivation of this study is to develop a sensor-less, easily controlled, and passively adaptive robotic gripper. A back-drivable pneumatic underactuated robotic gripper (PURG), based on the pneumatic cylinder and underactuated finger mechanism, is presented to accomplish the above goals. A feedforward grasping force control method, based on the learned kinematics of the underactuated finger mechanism, is proposed to achieve sensor-less grasping force control. To enhance the grasping force control accuracy, a state-based actuating force modeling method is presented to compensate the hysteresis error which exists in the transmission mechanism. Actuating force control experiment is performed to validate the effectiveness of the state-based actuating pressure modeling method. Results reveal that compared with the non-state-based modeling method, the proposed state-based actuating force modeling method could reduce the modeling error and control error by about 37.0% and 77.2%, respectively. Results of grasping experiments further reveal that grasping force could be accurately controlled by the state-based feedforward control model in a sensor-less approach. Adaptive grasping experiments are performed to exhibit the effectiveness of the sensor-less grasping force control approach.CSun, Wen; Rong, Juncai; Wang, Junnian; Zhang, Wentong; Zhou, Zidong^Research on Optimal Torque Control of Turning Energy Consumption for EVs with Motorized Wheelsvehicle dynamics model; torque vectoring distribution; Genetic Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization Hybrid Algorithm; torque optimization control strategy; energy consumption!DRIVE ELECTRIC VEHICLE; ALGORITHMThis paper aims to explore torque optimization control issue in the turning of EV (Electric Vehicles) with motorized wheels for reducing energy consumption in this process. A three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) vehicle dynamics model is used to analyze the total longitudinal force of the vehicle and explain the influence of torque vectoring distribution (TVD) on turning resistance. The Genetic Algor< ithm-Particle Swarm Optimization Hybrid Algorithm (GA-PSO) is used to optimize the torque distribution coefficient offline. Then, a torque optimization control strategy for obtaining minimum turning energy consumption online and a torque distribution coefficient (TDC) table in different cornering conditions are proposed, with the consideration of vehicle stability and possible maximum energy-saving contribution. Furthermore, given the operation points of the in-wheel motors, a more accurate TDC table is developed, which includes motor efficiency in the optimization process. Various simulation results showed that the proposed torque optimization control strategy can reduce the energy consumption in cornering by about 4% for constant motor efficiency ideally and 19% when considering the motor efficiency changes in reality.Li, T. Z.; Yang, X. L.HProbabilistic analysis for face stability of tunnels in Hoek-Brown mediaYprobabilistic model; tunnel face stability; Hoek-Brown criterion; kriging; uniform designROCK; DISPLACEMENT; BEHAVIOR"A modified model combining Kriging and Monte Carlo method (MC) is proposed for probabilistic estimation of tunnel face stability in this paper. In the model, a novel uniform design is adopted to train the Kriging, instead of the existing active learning function. It has advantage of avoiding addition of new training points iteratively, and greatly saves the computational time in model training The kinematic approach of limit analysis is employed to define the deterministic computational model of face failure, in which the Hoek-Brown failure criterion is introduced to account for the nonlinear behaviors of rock mass. The trained Kriging is used as a surrogate model to perform MC with dramatic reduction of calls to actual limit state function. The parameters in Hoek-Brown failure criterion are considered as random variables in the analysis. The failure probability is estimated by direct MC to test the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed probabilistic model. The influences of uncertainty level, correlation relationship and distribution type of random variables are further discussed using the proposed approach. In summary, the probabilistic model is an accurate and economical alternative to perform probabilistic stability analysis of tunnel face excavated in spatially random Hoek- Brown media.lZengeya, Munyaradzi Alexander; Ge, Dongdong; Li, Xin; Zhu, Nanwen; Zhou, Pin; Xie, Pengfei; Huang, ShouqiangPorous carbon endows mayenite with high activity to achieve closed-loop removal of chloride ions from desulfurization wastewateryDesulfurization wastewater; Chloride ions; Sewage sludge carbon/mayenite composite; Chloride removal efficiency; ActivityACTIVATED CARBON; GASThe high concentration of chloride ions (Cl - ) in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater not only corrodes equipment but also reduces the quality of desulfurization gypsum. The mayenite (Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 ) has a notable capacity for adsorbing Cl - , but its efficacy is hindered by its inherently low specific surface area and long reaction time. To improve the effectiveness of mayenite in Cl - removal, the porous carbon derived from sewage sludge (SSC) was employed to modify the mayenite-based Ca/Al oxides (CAO). The resultant SSC/CAO composites featured a predominant mayenite phase with rough surface and exposed flake structure, leading to an increase in surface area from 2 m 2 /g for CAO to 54 m 2 /g for SSC/CAO-1 (mass ratio of sewage sludge: CAO = 1: 1). Within 2 h of reaction, SSC/CAO-1 achieved a Cl - removal efficiency of 68 % and a high Cl - adsorption capacity of 97 mg/g. The Cl - removal mechanism is related to the presence of a higher percentage of AlO 4 5- , more oxygen vacancies, and larger surface area in SSC/CAO-1 compared to that in CAO, which facilitated the dissolution and reconstruction of the [Ca - Al - O] framework, resulting in the formation of Ca 2 Al(OH) 6 Cl & sdot; 2H 2 O with high crystallinity. The negative Cl embedding energy indicates that Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 is favorable for the embedding of Cl, and its trans< formation into Ca 2 Al(OH) 6 Cl & sdot; 2H 2 O occurs spontaneously. The final product after Cl - removal consisted of efficient components to obtain high catalytic hydrolysis efficiency of carbonyl sulfide, which holds great importance to address the issue of handling the Cl - removal product during backend treatment.#Zhou, Yiyi; Liu, Ye; Wang, Chun-LinXParametric Studies and Design Method for a New All-steel Bamboo-shaped Energy Dissipater!JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING]Steel; Bamboo-Shaped; Buckling-Restrained; Energy Dissipaters; Numerical Model; Design Method&BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACE; PERFORMANCEAn all-steel bamboo-shaped energy dissipater (SBED) composed of a bamboo-shaped core and a buckling-restrained tube was recently proposed. However, systematic parametric studies on the effect of experimental parameters of SBED have not yet formed, as well as design method. In this paper, the numerical model established for SBED was firstly calibrated based on previous test results. Then, five series of numerical cases were conducted to evaluate the effects of different geometrical parameters on the performance of SBED. Besides, a design method of SBED was further provided in terms of certain demands of bearing capacity and deformation of SBED.GYang, Xu; Zhou, Zhen; Qi, Jia; Zhang, Siqi; Guo, Kangkang; Zhao, ShoubomModeling and Theoretical Analysis of the SERS Enhancement Factor Considering the Electronic Structural EnergySubstrates; Electromagnetics; Electric fields; Chemicals; Raman scattering; Nanoparticles; Gold; Surface-enhanced Raman scattering; localized surface plasmons; metallic nanoparticles; electromagnetic enhancement; chemical enhancement9SURFACE; SUBSTRATE; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; SCATTERINGlThe enhancement factor is one of the key parameters characterizing the phenomenon of surface-enhanced Raman scattering. At present, this parameter is described by an empirical formula or a certain single physical mechanism instead of a unified model of the chemical and electromagnetic enhancement mechanisms. It is necessary to integrate the dual enhancement mechanisms of SERS to more accurately obtain the SERS enhancement factor with molecular selectivity. Therefore, we propose a quantitative model for the prediction of the enhancement factor that includes the two main contributions, metal plasmon resonance and electronic structure. Theoretical analysis and verification by experimental results prove that the new predictive enhancement factor (EF) model of electronic structural energy improves the enhancement factor by approximately 10 times and can be used to calculate the enhancement factors of different molecules on the same substrate material, which can provide molecular selectivity and more accurate EF predictions. This paper presents a theoretical model of the SERS enhancement factor that includes the adsorption of the adsorbed molecules and the surface of the substrate, combines the electromagnetic and chemical enhancement mechanisms for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and provides a deep comprehension of the phenomenon of surface-enhanced Raman scattering.OWang, Feng; Zhao, Jianshe; Qiang, Zhiming; He, Yafeng; Kang, Min; Tian, ZongjunTInvestigation on pulse-vibration electrochemical machining of parallel micro-grooves^Pulse-vibration ECM; Parallel micro-grooves; Multi-physics simulation; Low-frequency vibration0DIMPLE ARRAYS; FABRICATION; SURFACE; STEEL; FLOWThe micro-groove structure has attracted extensive attention in mechanical seals and cutting tools as an effective surface modification method. Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-contact machining method that can fabricate a large area of micro-grooves on difficult-to-cut metal materials. However, there are significant differences in the dissolution rate in different processing areas when multiple micro-grooves are processed simultaneously, resulting in poor machining accuracy and consistency of micro-grooves. In this work, a pulse-vibration ECM method was given to enhance the machining localization of parallel micro-grooves. The variation laws of flow<  velocity, void fraction, temperature rise, conductivity, and dissolution rate in different ECM methods were studied through the coupling simulation of the gas-liquid two-phase flow field, temperature field, and electric field. In addition, the effects of different flow modes and different ECM methods on the changes in groove width, groove depth, and cross-sectional profile of the micro-groove were studied based on experimental research. The results verified that combining a pulse-vibration ECM method and a flow-direction switching mode could significantly improve micro-grooves machining accuracy and consistency, the average groove width of micro-grooves processed by the combined method was 587 mu m, and the groove width deviation was 8 mu m. Moreover, compared with the die-sinking ECM, the average groove width of micro-grooves processed by pulse-vibration ECM was reduced by 13%, and the groove width deviation was reduced by 47%. Besides, the cross-sectional shape of the micro-groove contour gradually changed from a circular arc to a trapezoid.Liao, Min; Xu, Hao; Duan, Jiahui; Zhao, Shujing; Tian, Fengbin; Chai, Junshuai; Han, Kai; Jiang, Yibo; Xiang, Jinjuan; Wang, Wenwu; Wang, XiaoleiImpact of Saturated Spontaneous Polarization on the Endurance Fatigue of Si FeFET With Metal/Ferroelectric/Interlayer/Si Gate Structure%IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES?Dielectric layer; endurance; Si FeFET; spontaneous polarizationMEMORY; RELIABILITYWe investigate the impact of saturated spontaneous polarization (Ps) of the ferroelectric on endurance fatigue of Si FeFET with Metal/Ferroelectric/Interlayer/Si (MFIS) gate structure. We tune the Ps in the range of 25.9-6.4 mu C/cm(2) by changing the gate structure, such as the insertion of a dielectric layer and annealing temperature. When the Ps decreases from 12.1 to 6.4 mu C/cm(2), the memory window of the device decreases while the endurance improves. When the Ps decreases from 12.1 to 8.1 mu C/cm(2), the memory window disappears. However, when the Ps is lower than 8.1 mu C/cm(2), the memory window reappears. Smaller Ps leads to a smaller memory window, which reduces the read noise margin of the memory and is disadvantageous to endurance. Whereas smaller Ps leads to weaker charge trapping behavior, which is advantageous to endurance. Our work shows that the endurance characteristic is determined by the competition between the above two processes.kKong, Linglei; Lei, Weining; Wei, Qun; Han, Jinjin; Suorong, Zhang; Li, Qilin; Wang, Xiangzhi; Liu, ZhidongExperimental investigations into the performance of die-sinking mixed-gas atomization discharge ablation process on titanium alloySCIENTIFIC REPORTSMACHINING CHARACTERISTICS; EDMfAs a variant of highly efficient electrical discharge machining (EDM), the die-sinking mixed-gas atomization discharge ablation process (DMA-DAP) uses an atomized dielectric formed by a mixed gas, which mainly composed of oxygen and supplemented by nitrogen, and water medium as the discharge medium. In this technology, the oxygen in the medium is used for exothermic oxidation, and the vaporization and explosion of the water generates a chip removal force for highly efficient erosion. The present work uses single-factor tests to compare the characteristics of processing the difficult-to-machine material titanium-alloy special-shaped cavities using either DMA-DAP or EDM. The current, pulse width, pulse interval, and dielectric pressure are selected as the single-factor processing parameters, and how they influence the material removal rate (MRR), electrode relative wear rate (ERWR) and the surface morphology of the processed square cavities is analyzed. The results show that with DMA-DAP, the MRR is more than 12 times that of EDM, the ERWR is reduced by more than 98%, and the surface morphology is relatively good. Finally, taking an aero-engine radial diffuser as the profiling object, DMA-DAP realizes a profiling sample in the form of a variable-cross-section cavity that EDM cannot process, and the efficient die-sinking processing ability of DMA-DAP is verified.%Y< ang, Suhang; Zhang, Lei; Xu, ZhifengQEffect of high temperature on residual splitting strength of desert sand concretelcubic compressive strength; desert sand concrete; elevated temperature; regression model; splitting strength,ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; EXPOSURE; FIBER; FIREsThe ordinary medium sand can no longer meet the increasing demands of engineering projects. Construction costs can be reduced and the natural environment can be protected by rational use of the local desert sand. To evaluate the spalling and fire resistance of the concrete, the desert sand concrete (DSC) is heated to 100-800 degrees C and then cooled for splitting tensile strength test. The test results indicate that with the increment of desert sand replacement rate (DSRR), the compressive strength of DSC increases first and then decreases. The maximum value is reached when DSRR is up to 40%. The presence of fly ash slows down the loss of splitting strength of concrete with the temperature increasing. The regression model is established to predict the functional relationship between the concrete splitting strength and temperatures under heating and air cooling conditions. The result shows that the predictions calculated by the formula are consistent with the experimental results. The formula can be employed as a constitutive relation of the computer model to evaluate the spalling and fire resistance of the DSC structure.'Zhu, Yili; Zhang, Yanhong; Yu, ChengtaomDynamic responses after rotor drops onto a new-type active eliminating protective clearance touchdown bearing`Magnetic bearing; Rotor drop; Touchdown bearing; Active eliminating clearance; Dynamic responsesAUXILIARY BEARING; PERFORMANCEA new-type active touchdown bearing (TDB) system integrated with a centering device to eliminate the protective clearance after rotor drop in an active magnetic bearing (AMB) system is proposed. A rotor dynamic model is established on the basis of rigid rotor theory. A collision model between the support base and outer race of the ball bearing and a real-time ball bearing elastic supporting force model are established on the basis of Hertz contact theory. The dynamic model of the new-type TDB is established on the basis of vibration theory. Using these established theoretical models, the dynamic responses after rotor drops onto the new-type TDB are simulated and compared with the responses after rotor drops onto traditional TDB. Relevant experiments are conducted on an AMB test platform to verify the simulation results. The results show that the proposed new-type TDB can rapidly eliminate the protective clearance after rotor drop and can thus effectively reduce the following rotor vibrations and impacts.Sang, Nan; Chen, LelelDesign of an active front steering system for a vehicle using an active disturbance rejection control methodSCIENCE PROGRESSactive front steering; active disturbance rejection control; proportion-integration-differentiation control; controllability and stability; disturbance rejectionROBUST-CONTROL; AFS4A linear vehicle model is commonly employed in the controller design for an active front steering (AFS). However, this simplified model has a considerable influence on the accuracy of the controller. In this article, an AFS controller using an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technique is proposed to prevent this problem. The AFS controller was established in MATLAB/Simulink to control the CarSim vehicle model for verification of the simulation. Under the straight-line driving disturbance condition, proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) control and ARDC substantially decreased with respect to the uncontrolled lateral offset and ADRC performed better than PID control. Under the double lane change (DLC) test working condition, the tracking error of the path, yaw rate, roll angle, and lateral acceleration, and error of the driving direction were used to evaluate the vehicle's controllability and stability. These evaluation indexes were substantially improved by PID control and ADRC; similarly, ADRC was better than PID control. The t< racking error of the ADRC in the presence of parameter variance and external disturbance was significantly smaller than that of PID control. The results have verified that the AFS controller based on ADRC can significantly improve vehicle controllability and stability.BKhan, Mohsin; Pedersen, Michael; Zhu, Min; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, LaiWDengue transmission under future climate and human population changes in mainland ChinaODengue fever; Aedes albopictus; Epidemics; Sensitivity analysis; Climate changeAEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; DRIVEN ABUNDANCE MODEL; TEMPERATURE; ALBOPICTUS; CULICIDAE; FEVER; DYNAMICS; VECTOR; CONTAINERS; MALARIA}Dengue fever (DF) is a re-emerging disease spread by mosquitoes. It is primarily found in the tropics and subtropics, and its prevalence is heavily influenced by global warming. A comprehensive understanding of how the changes in climate and human population af-fect future dengue epidemics is crucial for effective prevention and control. In this paper we extend a mechanistic compartmental model for mosquito dynamics of immature and mature stages, coupled with human population dynamics. Stability analysis of the disease -free equilibrium is carried out analytically, and the basic reproduction number is derived. Model parameters are explicitly linked to climatic variables and human population density. Model validation suggests that the basic reproduction number acts as a reliable measure of the spread ability of DF in response to future scenarios of climate and human population change. Our model predicts that the risk area of DF will expand considerably in main-land China, and the expansion fronts are mainly extended in the center and east. Most importantly, sensitivity analysis and model prediction both show that while temperature is critical in determining the threshold suitability for DF transmission, precipitation and human population density act locally to regulate the spreading DF patterns, where high values of these two factors may significantly accelerate the spreading process. Our results indicate a strong call for increased attention in the areas that are currently safe from DF, but climatically suitable for DF spread as consequence of the fast-economic growth and rapid urbanization.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.?Shi, Guicai; Pan, Yutao; Sun, Zhaohua; Liu, Yong; Lee, Fook-HouaCharacteristic strength of soils underlying foundations considering effect of spatial variabilityCANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNALYcharacteristic value; foundation; spatial variability; finite element method; probability;BEARING-CAPACITY; CLAY; FIELD; HETEROGENEITY; MODULUS; SLABoIn Eurocode EC7, a characteristic strength is used as a cautious estimate of the local average strength that governs the bearing capacity of the foundation. The objective of this paper is to examine the correlation between the local average strength and the bearing capacity of a stiff caisson foundation resting on spatially variable ground using random finite element analyses. The results show that using the local average strength over some assumed or postulated failure zones tends to overestimate the mean bearing capacity of the ground. This can be attributed to two possible reasons. Firstly, the postulated failure zone is unlikely to be fully reflective of the real failure zone in spatially variable ground. Secondly, the bearing capacity is more affected by the strength of the weak zones than that of the strong zones. Both of these factors lead to a lowering of the bearing capacity. A more indicative way of determining a characteristic strength that will give a better indication of the bearing capacity is also recommended, together with a strength reduction factor that accounts for the effect of spatial variability.[Chen, Lianmeng; Li, Zebin; Liu, Yijie; Huang, Kaiyu; Zeng, Yihong; Zhou, Yiyi; Dong, ShilinWAnalysis and Evaluation of the Progressive Collapse Behaviour of a Cable Dome Structuremcable dome structure; progressive collapse; dynamic response; element importance analysis; parameter analysisTENSEGRITY SYSTEMSIn this study, the pr< ogressive collapse behaviour of a cable dome structure was analysed and evaluated according to the importance of element. First, the dynamic response and collapse mode caused by the removal of different types of cables and struts from a cable dome structure were studied using the instantaneous unloading method of full dynamic equivalent load. Second, a method was developed for element importance classification based on collapse modes, and the importance coefficient was introduced after comparing the node displacements before and after the removal of different elements. On this basis, the correlations of the importance coefficient of an element with its importance classification and the collapse mode caused by its removal were examined. Third, the influences of some design parameters on the resistance of cable dome structures to progressive collapses and on the importance coefficients of components were analysed and evaluated. Finally, a method was proposed to determine the critical value of the element importance category. The results of this study indicated that Cable-Strut elements differed in their antiprogressive collapse effects and importance coefficients, and thus produced different dynamic responses and collapse modes when they were removed. Cable domes differed in their critical importance coefficients for Cable-Strut elements, and design parameters differed in their influence on the antiprogressive collapse resistance of cable domes.BLiao, Xuhui; Li, Shunming; Yang, Shang-Kuo; Wang, Jinrui; Xu, YongjAdvanced component transmission path analysis based on transmissibility matrices and blocked displacementsAdvanced component transmission path analysis; Coupled structures; Response prediction; Blocked displacements; Transmissibility matricesSYSTEMSIn component transmission path analysis (TPA), the blocked forces of subsystems and the frequency response functions (FRFs) of the total system need to be measured, which are always not easy to implement. In this paper, an advanced component TPA procedure is proposed. The method allows one to predict the vibroacoustic responses of coupled systems according to the dynamical properties of the subsystems. More specifically, it is based on the knowledge of the displacements of blocked subsystems and the transmissibility matrices between subsystems. The physical meanings of blocked displacements and transmissibility matrices are discussed in detail. It is proved that the transmissibility matrices in this method can be measured independently by suppliers of various components, which is important for complicated products' vibroacoustic response syntheses. Furthermore, an interpretation of this method's physical meaning is given in terms of the Neumann series. The response of a coupled system can be regarded as the result of the superposition of infinite transmissions. This highlights the transmission mechanism of vibration and makes the method more perceivable. The method is illustrated and validated by a numerical model and a finite element (FE) model. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<Wu, Zhenxiang; Zhou, Tong; Li, Lei; Chen, Liang; Ma, Yanfang^A New Modified Efficient Levenberg-Marquardt Method for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations TRUST-REGION METHOD; CONVERGENCE7For systems of nonlinear equations, a modified efficient Levenberg-Marquardt method with new LM parameters was developed by Amini et al. (2018). The convergence of the method was proved under the local error bound condition. In order to enhance this method, using nonmonotone technique, we propose a new Levenberg-Marquardt parameter in this paper. The convergence of the new Levenberg-Marquardt method is shown to be at least superlinear, and numerical experiments show that the new Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm can solve systems of nonlinear equations effectively.0Peng, Jianhua; Tang, Ming; Li, Ming; Zha, ZhiqinUA Load Balancing Method For Massive Data Processing Under Cloud Computing Environment)INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTINGQRelatively free rate; load balancing; cloud computing; data processing ef< ficiencyHigh processing efficiency and equalization are needed when a cloud computing system is used to deal with massive data. Better load balancing methods can further improve the data processing ability of the cloud computing system. In this paper, we first defined the data process efficiency (DPE) and relatively free rate (RFR). Then based on the DPE and RFR, we proposed a load balancing method for massive data (LBMM). And we further described the flow of the LBMM method. Finally, we compared the LBMM method and the consistent hashing method through experiments. The experimental results showed that the LBMM method had better data processing equalization and higher data processing efficiency.YLi, Li; Wang, Hongkang; Bei, Shaoyi; Li, Yuanjiang; Sun, Yanyun; Zheng, Keqing; Xu, Qiang^Unsymmetrical design and operation in counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell: A prospective studyEMicrofluidic fuel cell; Unsymmetrical; Counter-flow; Porous electrode-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; CONFIGURATIONS; FORMATEPerformance of counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell is severely limited by the uneven current density distribution within the electrodes. In this work, in-depth numerical investigations are performed to examine the prospects of unsymmetrical design and operation in an all-vanadium counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell with flow-through electrodes to better utilize the electrode effective zone considering the anode-cathode mismatch on the mass transfer and electrochemical kinetics. Results indicate that size and position of the electrode effective zone vary under different operation conditions. Longer electrodes are required when the electrolyte flow rate or reactant concentration decreases. Optimized cathode length is smaller than its anode counterpart due to the faster diffusion rate of the oxidant and improved electrochemical reaction rate at the cathode. Concentration-related activation loss is found to play a key role in the performance of counter-flow microfluidic fuel cells and consequently, unequal initial flow rates are preferred in the cell operation to unequal initial reactant concentrations. Catholyte flow rate could be safely reduced to half of that in the anode with 95% retention of the output current, bringing a reduction of 50% in the catholyte consumption. The present findings could provide useful guidance for the future development of counter-flow microfluidic fuel cells.+Li, H.; Zou, J. S.; Yao, J. S.; Peng, H. P.pUniform design and optimization of active agent and technology research for A-TIG welding of 2219 aluminum alloyCTIG welding; Active agent; Uniform design; Aluminum alloy; PorosityA uniform design method was used to obtain the active flux formula for direct current electrode negative polarity activated tungsten inert gas (DCEN A-TIG) welding of 2219 aluminum alloy. According to the test results of the tensile strength of welded joint, a mathematical model was established to determine the best component of each component in the active agent and the correctness of the regression equation was verified. Compared with conventional TIG welding without active agent, DCEN A-TIG welding can effectively avoid the presentation of macroscopic and microscopic weld porosity, increasing penetration and strength of the welded joint. The three surfaces in the DCEN A-TIG weld zone presented different morphologies. The upper surface of the weld zone was composed of strong directional dendrites, whereas the cross section and longitudinal section of the weld zone were mainly composed of equiaxed dendrites. Cellular crystals were also observed on the bottom of the longitudinal section. The base metal of the joint was the hardest, and the hardness in the heat-affected zone was higher than that of the weld zone. The weakest area in the welded joint was near the fusion zone. Compared with conventional TIG welding, DCEN A-TIG welding can provide advantages."Sha, Haitao; Su, Xuanyi; Zhou, PinyUV/H2O2 and UV/PDS treatment of an emerging cyanotoxin (aerucyclamide A): Kinetics, transformation products, and toxicityFAerucyclamide A; Advanced Oxida< tion; Sulfate Radical; Hydroxyl RadicalBETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; SULFATE RADICAL-ANION; SYNTHETIC HUMAN URINE; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; RATE CONSTANTS; MECHANISTIC CONSIDERATIONS; POTASSIUM PEROXODISULFATE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MICROCYSTIN-LR Aerucyclamide A (ACA) is an emerging cyanopeptide toxin, and its degradation pathway has rarely been reported. In this work, the degradation kinetics and pathways of ACA by an advanced oxidation process that includes UV/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS) are investigated under various pH values. The degradation rate of ACA was stable under the center dot OH-dominant system and preferred an acidic aqueous solution during the UV/PDS process from pH 6.0 to 8.0. The second-order reaction constants of ACA with SO4 center dot  and CO3 center dot  were found to be (1.8 +/- 0.2) x 109 M  1 s  1 and (1.3 +/- 0.1) x 107 M  1 s  1, respectively. In addition, in relation to the dissolved organic matter (DOM), except for the radical quencher, the second radical from DOM initiated by center dot OH and SO4 center dot  enhanced the oxidation of ACA, but the second radical initiated from CO3 center dot  inhibited the oxidation of ACA. The transformation products of ACA during the UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS processes were identified using high-solution mass spectrometry, indicating that ACA would be destroyed thoroughly during the UV/PDS process. Through an acute toxicity analysis that used Thamnocephalus platyurus, we found that the formed byproducts were nontoxic.!"67_`efGH/Li, Jianfen; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Zuojie; Mou, BenfSeismic behavior of steel frames with different joints: Shaking table test and finite element analysis_Shaking table test; Ductile joint; Dynamic analysis; Seismic performance; Finite element method%COVER-PLATE; PERFORMANCE; CONNECTIONS\This paper discusses the effect of different joint types (common joint (CJ), reduced beam section joint (RJ), and cover plate joint (CPJ)) on the seismic behavior of steel frames. Three steel frames (1:2 scale) with different joints were tested under the shaking table. El Centro wave was selected as the input seismic wave. The failure modes, dynamic response, displacement response, strain response, and acceleration response of steel frame specimens under five peak ground accelerations (PGA) were measured and analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the seismic damage of the steel frame specimens was mainly concentrated at the beam-column joints on the first story. The plastic hinge could be achieved shift-away by reinforcing and reducing the flange at the beam end and significantly improving the structure's seismic capacity. In addition, the ductile joints used also affected the overall structural stiffness. The steel frame specimens' dynamic response (seismic shear coefficient, structural capacity curve, and fundamental frequency attenuation curve) was discussed. As the dynamic loading was applied, the seismic shear coefficients of CPJ and RJ steel frame increased continuously, and the structural capacity curves rose steadily, which indicated that the RJ and CPJ had excellent seismic performance and ductility. The finite element analysis was performed to elaborate further on the seismic performance and failure modes of steel frames. The experimental results were verified by the finite element analysis, and the finite element model could be used for the subsequent research on the steel frame.Qian, Cheng; Xu, ZezhongWRobust Visual Tracking via Sparse Representation Under Subclass Discriminant Constraint>IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGYcDictionary learning; sparse representation; subclass discriminant constraint (SDC); visual trackingOBJECT TRACKING; MODELIn this paper, we propose a method for visual tracking based on local sparse representation. Image patches from the object and the background are split into image blocks to construct local representations. Within the subclass discriminant framework, a discriminative subspace is learned to distinguish the object ima< ge blocks from the background image blocks while preserving their multimodal structure. A dictionary is constructed using the centers of the object subclasses. With this dictionary, sparse coding is implemented on the projected vectors corresponding to the image blocks, and the sparse coefficients are concatenated to obtain a local sparse code as the feature that represents the image patch. Considering the subclass discriminant constraint and the sparsity constraint imposed on the sparse coding, the subspace learning and sparse representation problems are converted into a joint optimization problem with respect to a transformation matrix and sparse coefficients. To enhance the tracking accuracy, two dictionaries are devised, one to incorporate the original observations of the target and the other to incorporate the latest observations, thereby providing two templates to characterize the appearance of the target. Histogram intersection over the local sparse codes provides an evaluation of the confidence. Finally, the candidate with the maximal confidence is selected as the object image patch. Compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms, our method demonstrates a superior performance when applied to challenging sequences.rResearch on cutting performance and tool life improvement methods of titanium alloy ultra-high speed milling toolseTitanium alloy; Ultra-high speed milling; Tool parameter optimization; Cutting performance; Tool lifeBSURFACE-ROUGHNESS; OPTIMIZATION; PARAMETERS; GEOMETRY; FORCE; WEARTitanium alloy materials are increasingly used in consumer products such as mobile phones and computers. Currently, manufacturers use ultra-high speed machining techniques to process titanium alloy materials to ensure high production efficiency. However, under the high spindle speed of 8000 rpm and a large feed rate of 4500 mm/min, the cutting speed of a 10 mm diameter milling tool reaches up to 251 m/min, which is significantly higher than the traditional cutting speed for titanium alloys (90 m/min). This ultra-high-speed cutting condition inevitably leads to a reduced tool life, consequently increasing manufacturing costs. Therefore, this paper focuses on studying methods to improve the cutting performance and tool life in titanium alloy ultra-high speed milling. First, failed milling tools on the titanium alloy processing production line were detected, and the failure modes and wear mechanisms of the tools under ultra-high speed milling conditions were analyzed. Based on this, a milling simulation model was established and calibrated through milling experiments. Then, simulation experiments were designed using the response surface methodology to reveal the impact of key tool geometric parameters on cutting performance, and the geometric parameters of the milling tool were optimized. Finally, based on the optimization results, milling tools were prepared and cutting performance and tool life experiments were conducted. Compared with the unoptimized milling tools, the optimized milling tools have significantly improved cutting performance and tool life, with cutting force reduced by 40 %-50 % and average tool life increased by 69.6 %.'Yang, Suhang; Zhu, Haidong; Xu, ZhifengPPrediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Double-Shear Testing MethodXConcrete core; Compressive strength; Double-shear testing method (DSTM); In situ testingThis study presents a partially nondestructive testing (PDT) method, the innovative double-shear test method (DSTM), to improve the accuracy of concrete strength tests in situ and reduce structural damage. This method involves double-shear faces of the concrete core, on which the load is exerted by a specified DSTM apparatus to produce approximately pure shear stress and obtain the shear strength of the concrete core. The DSTM test indicated that some factors (core-drilling direction, specimen diameter, core length, aggregate type, and concrete moisture) do not influence concrete strength, and a strong relationship between DSTM strength and cube compressive strength ranging from 20 to 40 MPa is<  proposed for testing concrete samples. The reliability and repeatability of the DSTM are greater than those of other in situ test techniques, such as the Schmidt rebound hammer (SRH) and pull-off test method. Features of the visible failure mode of concrete samples certify the correctness of the test results. Test results demonstrated that the DSTM is applicable to in situ tests of concrete compressive strength with much higher accuracy than the core-drilling method, and causes less damage to structures.=Chen, Zhongsheng; Chen, Zhiwen; Wei, Yongxiang; Xiong, YepingNonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvester comprising dual helical-plane springs and multiple Halbach arrays for low-frequency and small-amplitude vibrationsENERGY REPORTSSelf-powered wireless sensors; Electromagnetic vibration energy harvester; Nonlinearity; Helical-plane springs; Multiple Halbach arrays TRANSDUCERSIElectromagnetic vibration energy harvesters are widely investigated for self-powered wireless sensors and nonlinearity has been introduced for low-frequency and broadband vibration energy harvesting. But how to realize the nonlinearity with small amplitudes, high reliability and few complexities is still a challenge in realworld applications. In this paper, a novel electromagnetic vibration energy harvester comprising dual helicalplane springs and multiple Halbach arrays is proposed. The structural characteristics are analyzed, which indicate that the helical-plane springs can have nonlinear stiffness under small-amplitude vibrations and multiple Halbach arrays can greatly enhance the magnetic field. Then a magnet-electro-mechanical model is built by combining mechanical dynamics &electrodynamics, which is numerically solved by using the Runge-Kutta algorithm. Finally, the feasibility of the nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is validated both numerically and experimentally. The results show that it has a nonlinear stiffness, a resonance bandwidth of 3 Hz and a peak power of 14 mW when the excitation amplitude is only 0.5 g. In particular, the resonance frequency range depends on the excitation amplitude. Furthermore, the prototype of a self-powered wireless temperature sensor is constructed and testified. The results of this study indicate that the proposed structure can be utilized and extended to build compact, reliable and nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters for lowfrequency, small-amplitude and broadband vibrations in real-world applications. Yang, Yan; Zhou, Qiang; Chen, KeNMultiagent-Based Modeling and Simulation of a Coal Multimodal Transport SystemComputational modeling; Transportation; Coal; Analytical models; Complex systems; Solid modeling; Multi-agent systems; Coal multimodal transport system; multiagent-based modeling; multiagent system; Witness simulation software%AGENT-BASED MODEL; NETWORK; FRAMEWORKWith the change in coal supply and demand, the dynamics of multiple transit nodes and the connection between different transportation modes make the Coal Multimodal Transportation System (CMTS) more complicated in the long-distance transportation of coal. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the multimodal transportation nodes, build a coal multimodal transportation model, measure the network throughput through simulation experiments, and identify system bottlenecks. The CMTS is a complex nonlinear dynamic system with many participants with complex and uncertain links. Different transportation modes, operation links, and connection processes will affect system performance, and modeling and simulation technology effectively study complex dynamic systems. This paper takes the CMTS as the research object, uses agent-based modeling methods and Witness simulation software to analyze the composition and operation mechanism of CMTS, establishes the multiagent model of CMTS, and validates the model by a Witness simulation experiment of northern coal shipped to south. The simulation results indicate the capacity of the transport route and resource utilization of nodes in CMTS in case of different demand < growth rates in the future. Based on the multiagent model and Witness simulation results, this paper provides practical support for constructing and applying the multimodal transport system model library and provides the basis for decision-making for the CMTS plan.*Liu, Zhidong; Wang, Xiangzhi; Cao, Zhongli-Influence of discharge energy on EDM ablationbElectrical discharge machining (EDM); EDM ablation; Microcosmic model; Energy model; Discharge pitIn the process of electrical discharge machining (EDM) ablation, discharge energy can heat the materials, activate the surface, and eliminate metal corrosion. We study the discharge energy by building an ablation machining energy model. We show that in theory, the magnitude of the discharge energy directly determines the processing speed of ablation milling. Based on single-pulse discharge experiments, we observe an exponential increase in the EDM ablation pit diameter with increasing discharge energy. The ablation pit model is built to study the effect of the discharge energy on the ablation pit depth. The effect of discharge energy on the material removing rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness rate (Ra) of the EDM ablation was studied in this paper. The results show that, on one hand, the material removing rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) have a direct relationship with the discharge energy. On the other hand, the electrode wear rate (EWR) has an inverse relationship with the discharge energy.@Xiang, Ruxi; Zhu, Xifang; Wu, Feng; Jiang, Xiaoyan; Xu, Qingquan)Guided filter based on multikernel fusionJOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGINGCguided filter; multikernel fusion; detail enhancement; haze removalTo prevent halo artifacts resulting from edge preserving smoothing methods that use a local filter, a filter method with a guided image that fuses multiple kernels is proposed. This method first computes the coefficients of different local multiple kernels at the pixel level and then linearly fuses these coefficients to obtain the final coefficients. Finally, the filtered image is generated using the linear coefficients. Compared with existing methods, including the popular bilateral filter and guided filter methods, our experimental results show that the proposed method not only obtains images with better visual quality but also prevents halo artifacts, resulting in detail enhancement, haze removal, and noise reduction. (C) 2017 SPIE and IS&T4Xu, Yongming; Xu, Ziyi; Zhao, Qianwen; Wang, YaodongjGlobal domain fluid-thermal coupling modeling method and characteristics analysis for large capacity motor|-Large capacity electric machine; Global domain fluid-thermal coupling model; Modeling method; Fluid-thermal characteristics$HEAT-TRANSFER; AIR-GAP; DESIGN; FLOW-The global domain fluid-thermal characteristics study is challenging to perform due to the complicated ventilation arrangement and enormous volume for the large capacity electric ma-chine. This paper uses the world's largest capacity non-superconducting low-speed induction motor, 6.5 MW, as the research object and proposes a global domain fluid-thermal characteristics calculation method. Firstly, the global domain fluid field model of the inner air path is established and solved. Then, the motor is divided into five subdomains according to the ventilation struc-ture. The flow and pressure obtained from fluid field solutions are used as coupling parameters to couple each subdomain model, and an iterative solution is carried out based on the boundary condition continuity of the adjacent subdomains. The temperature distribution of each subdomain is obtained when the temperature difference is less than 0.1%. Finally, an experimental platform is built to verify the results. The maximum relative error between calculated and measured values is 1.67% for temperature and 4.92% for fluid velocity, which verifies the developed model's rationality and the proposed method's validity.Xiang, Mei; Shi, Zhisheng; Zhang, Xinpeng; Gao, Zhangxi; Guo, Jikuo; Wu, Zeying; Ma, Songyun; Bai, Jirong; Zhang, Wei; Deng, Yaoyao; Zhou, < Jiancheng; Su, YaqiongqFacile synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-56 zeolite as a highly efficient catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanolFUELDSAPO-56 zeolite; CO 2 hydrogenation; Methanol synthesis; Cu catalyst#SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CONVERSION; OXIDESCatalytic conversion of CO2 over zeolite-based catalysts has been deemed as a promising route and extensively investigated, while many issues remain intractable. Herein, for the first time, the novel AFX-type zeolite SAPO-56 was developed and impregnated with Cu nanoparticles to construct the bifunctional catalyst for further promoting CO2 transformation. By a systematically comparative analysis on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of different catalysts, the corresponding catalytic mechanism for a highly efficient methanol synthesis process from CO2 was comprehensively understood. The results showed that up to 16.4 % of CO2 can be converted into methanol with a relatively high selectivity of 80.9 % via 5% Cu/SAPO-56 catalysts at 280 degrees C though the formate activation pathway. This may be directly related to the specific Lewis acid sites (LAS) derived from the EFAl (extra framework aluminum) species located in the six-membered rings of SAPO-56 that endows it with distinguished adsorption capability of CO2. Furthermore, the copper nanoparticles that are highly dispersed on the surface or in the porous channel of SAPO-56 zeolite facilitate the ease of CO2 activation. Besides, the introduced hierarchical structure was considered to have played an indispensable role in improving methanol productivity. Meanwhile, all its own multiple superiorities also ensure Cu/SAPO-56 a remarkable stability, indicating the great potential for practical and industrial application.*Cao, Guiping; Zhang, Jintao; Liu, BaoliangcEffects of nitrite anions and ammonium cations on the photolysis of bisphenol S in nitrate solution DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENTBBisphenol S; Photolysis; Nitrate; Nitrite anions; Ammonium cationsAQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE WATERS; PRODUCTS; KINETICS; PHOTODEGRADATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTONITRATION; HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADATIONThe effects of nitrate ions on the photolysis of bisphenol S (BPS) under UV irradiation were studied using reaction kinetics. Based on this research, we investigated how nitrite anions and ammonium cations codissolved with nitrate affected the UV photolysis of BPS. The BPS photolysis fitted well to a first-order kinetic equation, and the half-life of BPS photolysis varied with changes in pH value, shortening from 95.0 min at pH 2 to 42.3 min at pH 10. Nitrate added to the BPS solution inhibited the BPS photolysis, but the extent of the inhibitory effect was associated with the pH value of the aqueous solution. The inhibiting ratio remained within 19.2-27.6% in acidic and neutral solutions, while it stayed at about 3.6% in alkaline solutions. Nitrite anions exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on BPS photolysis, but the inhibitory effect of NO2- coexistent in a BPS-NO3- solution was weaker than that of separate NO2-, indicating that the inhibitory effect of mixed form of NO2- and NO3- were not simply additive; some offset might exist between them. Ammonium cations had no effect on BPS photolysis, but NH4+ codissolved in NO3- solution weakened the inhibition of NO3-, thus indirectly promoting BPS photolysis in NO3- solution. When 32 mg/L NH4+ was added to a BPS-NO3- solution, the coexistent NH4+ exhibited a promoting effect on BPS photolysis, and the promoting ratio reached 5.3% at 64 mg/L NH4+. The mechanisms of BPS photolysis under the presence of nitrate ions were also discussed6Zhou, Yiyi; Zhou, Changfeng; Shu, Zhan; Jia, Liang-JiusEffect of Two-Dimensional Re-Entrant Honeycomb Configuration on Elastoplastic Performance of Perforated Steel Plategauxetic; re-entrant hexagon; elastoplastic; ductile fracture; finite element analysis; structural steel[NEGATIVE POISSONS RATIO; DYNAMIC-BEHAVIOR; GRAPHENE; AUXETICS; SOLIDS; SYSTEM; PANELS; SOFT9Perforated steel plates with regularly shaped holes are already widely employed a< s steel dampers, which dissipate seismic energy through plastic deformation of steel. As a typical auxetic structure, two-dimensional (2D) re-entrant honeycomb configurations have characteristics of large deformation and good energy absorption. However, research on the effects of these configurations on the mechanical performance of steel is limited. This paper investigated the auxetic properties of perforated steel plates with re-entrant hexagon holes. Repetitive units are controlled by three parameters, hole ratio, re-entrant angle, and chamfer radius. Elastoplastic behavior and damage under large deformation were studied via tension tests and finite element (FE) analysis based on a micromechanics-based ductile fracture model. The effects of different parameters on mechanical properties of configurations were analyzed and discussed. The static performance of the perforated steel plates obtained in this study provides a good basis for its further dynamic study under large deformation.4Wang, Yong; Li, Hao-Xuan; Meng, Hao-Dong; Wang, YangzDynamic characteristics of underframe semi-active inerter-based suspended device for high-speed train based on LQR control=BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES-TECHNICAL SCIENCESedynamic characteristic; high-speed train; inerter-based suspended device; LQR control; Sperling indexEBENDING VIBRATION; CAR BODY; RAILWAY; SUSPENSION; REDUCTION; STRATEGYThe underframe passive inerter-based suspended device, based on the inerter-spring-damper vibration attenuation structure, could improve the dynamic performance of the train body, but its parameters are fixed and cannot meet the dynamic performance requirements under different operating conditions. Therefore, a semi-active inerter-based suspended device based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control strategy is proposed to further enhance the dynamic performance. The rigid-flexible coupling vertical dynamic model of the train body and an underframe semi-active inerter-based suspended device are established. The structural parameters of the semi-active inerter-based suspended device are adjusted using LQR control strategy. Dynamic response of the system is obtained using the virtual excitation method. The dynamic characteristic of the system is evaluated using the Sperling index and compared with those of the passive and semi-active traditional suspended devices as well as the passive inerter-based suspended devices. The vertical vibration acceleration of the train body and Sperling index using the semi-active inerter-based suspended device is the smallest among the four suspended devices, which denotes the advantages of using the inerter and LQR control strategy. The semi-active inerter-based suspended device could decrease the vertical vibration acceleration of the train body and further suppress its elastic vibration in the lower frequency band, more effectively than the other three suspended devices. Overall, the semi-active inerter-based suspended device could significantly reduce elastic vibration of the train body and improve its dynamical performance. Zhao, Ying?Digital Protection of Cultural Heritage Based on Web Technology ENVIRONMENTWith the rapid development of digital technology, it has now been widely used for the digital protection of cultural heritage. The traditional cultural heritage digital protection method of information retrieval recall rate is low, and the processing time is long. Therefore, a new digital protection method of cultural heritage based on web technology is proposed. An improved four-layer architecture design pattern is adopted to plan a web-based digital protection platform for cultural heritage. The application service provider (ASP) combines SQL server and B/S architecture to develop a database platform and functional modules for direct dynamic management of the website model. Based on this, combined with web technology, the digital image of cultural heritage is reconstructed followed by computing the uncertainty probability of web visualization, completing the modeling metalanguage, and classification<  of network cultural heritage. The digital image enhancement of cultural heritage is based on HSV color space. In order to realize the digital protection of traditional cultural heritage, multifiltering technology is introduced into the process of brightness digital image extraction. It is evident from the experimental results that the proposed method has higher recall and lower error and can enhance the digital image of cultural heritage in a shorter time, which shows that the proposed method can effectively achieve digital protection of cultural heritage.RChen, Lian-meng; Gao, Wei-feng; Hu, Dong; Zhou, Yi-yi; Zhang, Fu-bo; Dong, Shi-linkDetermination of a Monitoring Scheme for Controlling Construction Errors of a Cable-strut Tensile Structureacable-strut tensile structures; construction error; error sensitivity analysis; monitoring schemeConstruction errors are inevitable in real cable-strut tensile structures. Nevertheless, the relevant work, especially the monitoring scheme design work, to control the construction errors is lacking. At present, the monitoring schemes always lay out the monitored members in the places with great internal force or great deformation, do not consider the method to control the construction errors and do not explain the method to lay out the monitored members in fundamental theory. To address this situation, the element length error, which is an important construction error affecting the bearing performance, is considered as the factor variable and the fundamental equation of pre-stress deviation and element length error is derived firstly. Next the methods to express the pre-stress deviation, which are only derived from the active cable length errors or from both the active cable and passive cable length errors, are discussed. After that, based on the condition that the errors can be solved and compensated, the least number of monitored members is determined. Moreover, those members sensitive to cable length deviation of active cables are selected as monitored members. In order to evaluate the effect level caused by passive cable length deviation, two evaluation parameters Delta and rho are further discussed. Finally, one cable-strut tensile structure example is employed to verify the proposed method and the results of the example studies indicate that the least necessary number of monitored members can be achieved for the accurate solution and compensation of active cable length deviations. Different members have different sensitivities to the change of the length in active cables and those members with great sensitivities can be chosen in prior as monitored members. The evaluation parameters Delta and rho can be used to analyze the source of errors and to evaluate the error effect level caused by the passive cable length deviation.DXu, Qiang; Xie, Yajun; Li, Xinyu; Li, Li; Zheng, Keqing; Bei, ShaoyiCycle performance analysis of hybrid battery thermal management system coupling phase change material with liquid cooling for lithium-ion battery module operated at high C-ratesVBattery thermal management system; Cycle performance; High C-Rate; PCM; Liquid coolingGRAPHITE COMPOSITE; ENERGY; PCMiHigh performance battery thermal management system (BTMS) is urgently needed to satisfy the severe cooling demand of battery modules operated at high C-rates during continuous charging-discharging cycles. Hybrid BTMS coupling phase change material (PCM) with liquid cooling is a promising solution which attracts great attention in recent years. Here, cycle performance of the hybrid system is analyzed in detail via comparison with the pure PCM system to examine its reliability and demonstrate its superiority during continuous 3C-charging and 4C-discharging cycles. Effects of PCM melting temperature are studied and RT44HC is found a suitable PCM choice with appropriate melting temperature. Analysis of the first three cycles is proved important and basically sufficient as system thermal behavior stabilizes afterwards. Further, interacting mechanisms of expanded graphite (EG) content and battery distance on system < cooling performance are elucidated and their possible combinations satisfying temperature requirements of battery module in both temperature rise and temperature uniformity are presented. Optimal combination of EG content and battery distance is 3 % and 3 mm. Effects of coolant velocity are also investigated and suitable velocity for the optimized hybrid system is set at 0.01 ms-1 s- 1 to achieve balance between cooling performance and auxiliary energy cost.|Wang, Dan; Wang, Jibiao; Chu, Yuan; Zha, Sujuan; Chen, Yanli; Du, Xiaojiao; Mitsuzaki, Naotoshi; Jia, Shuyong; Chen, ZhidongtCrystalline NiCo2O4 and amorphous NiCo2S4 heterostructured electrode for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitorscCrystallineNiCo(2)O(4); Amorphous NiCo2O4; Heterointerfaces; Nanosheets; Asymmetric supercapacitors!NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOSHEETS; SHELL!The construction of well-designed heterostructures and phase engineering have been verified to be a promising strategy to improve electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. However, it is still a challenge to construct well-defined amorphous/crystalline hetero-phase electrode with plentiful heterointerfaces. Herein, a highperformance self-supported NiCo2O4@NiCo2S4 electrode with crystalline NiCo2O4 and amorphous NiCo2S4 heterostructure is synthesized by electrodeposition-anneal-electrodeposition procedure. The interconnected nanosheet structure and rich heterointerfaces effectively promote the exposure of surface area and accelerate the electron/ion transfer kinetics of redox reaction as well as restrain the volume expansion and structural collapse, thus greatly enhancing the electrochemical performance and stability. Impressively, the advanced NiCo2O4@NiCo2S4 electrode delivers a prominent specific capacitance of 2243.0 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 along with outstanding cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 83.29 % at 10 A g-1 after 5000 cycles. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled by NiCo2O4@NiCo2S4 cathode and active carbon anode displays a maximum energy density of 66.7 Wh kg-1 at 625.3 W kg- 1 and favorable cycling stability (77.23 % after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g-1).8Chen, Zhongsheng; Chen, Zhiwen; Nie, Gaofa; Li, KaiqiangAnalytical and Experimental Investigations on Low-Frequency Simultaneous Vibration Isolation and Energy Harvesting Using Magnetic Rings9Vibrations; Magnetomechanical effects; Magnetic levitation; Springs; Energy harvesting; Structural rings; Force; Electromechanical systems; Vibration control; Simultaneous vibration isolation and energy harvesting; quasi-zero stiffness; magnetic rings; Halbach magnetic ring; electro-mechanical coupling equations*NEGATIVE STIFFNESS; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMpSimultaneous vibration isolation and energy harvesting (SVIEH) are becoming increasingly attractive in suspension systems. However, there is a conflict between low natural frequency and large loading capacity. In addition, the energy harvesting performance is always limited by maintaining the vibration isolation performance in most existing studies. Therefore, how to enhance vibration energy harvesting while satisfying vibration isolation is still a challenge. In this paper, a pair of magnetic rings is used to generate quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) for dealing with the conflict between large loading capacity and low natural frequency, and a Halbach magnetic ring is presented to enhance the energy harvesting performance. Based on them, a novel low-frequency QZS-based SVIEH (QZS-SVIEH) structure is proposed. Firstly, the structural condition of generating QZS is derived. Next the electro-mechanical coupling equations of the QZS-SVIEH system are built and solved by using the harmonic balance method (HBM), which is also verified by the Runge-Kutta method. Then the displacement transmissibility and output power are defined as the two performance indicators for vibration isolation and energy harvesting, respectively. The effects of electrical and mechanical parameters on the two performance indicators are studied in detail. Finally, the prototype of the proposed QZS-SVIEH structure is cons< tructed for experimental testing. The experimental results show that the QZS-SVIEH can effectively suppress vibrations with frequencies above 7.2Hz and generate the peak power of 0.8W under the excitation of acceleration 1.5g and frequency 10Hz.PHe, Hongyu; Xiong, Chao; Yin, Junli; Wang, Xinlin; Lin, Xinnan; Zhang, ShengdongqAnalytical Drain Current and Capacitance Model for Amorphous InGaZnO TFTs Considering Temperature CharacteristicsNumerical models; Analytical models; Capacitance; Mathematical model; Temperature; Electron traps; Integrated circuit modeling; Capacitance model; drain current model; field-effect mobility; InGaZnO (IGZO); temperature characteristics; thin-film transistor (TFT)QTHIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; COMPACT MODEL; DEEP; TAIL; EXTRACTION; PARAMETERS; PHYSICSAnalytical drain current and capacitance model is developed for the amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT). The numerical Pao-Sah model is presented to describe the temperature characteristics considering the deep and tail trap states in the energy gap of the a-IGZO thin film. The numerical model is successful for the TFT in both the subthreshold regime and the above-threshold regime. In the subthreshold regime, considering that the trapped electron concentration in the deep trap states dominates the Poisson's equation, the surface-potential-based analytical model is presented. In the above-threshold regime, the threshold-voltage-based analytical model is presented. Applying the smooth function to connect the subthreshold model and the above-threshold model, the analytical compact model is obtained. The compact model is verified by the numerical Pao-Sah model and the available experimental data from 253 to 393 K. Furthermore, the temperature characteristics of the field-effect mobility are discussed.rLi, Li; He, Yun; Xu, Qiang; Liu, Ting; Bei, Shaoyi; Zheng, Keqing; Yang, Jun; Wang, Hongkang; Leung, Michael K. H.WA paper-based self-pumping microfluidic fuel cell stack with a novel vertical structureYmicrofluidic fuel cell stack; paper capillary; self-pumping; vertical stack configurationYPOROUS-ELECTRODES MODEL; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; ETHANOL; SINGLE; CONFIGURATIONS; BLOODMicrofluidic fuel cell (MFC) stacking is a prerequisite to enhance its power output for practical applications. However, most MFC stacks reported in the present literature require external pumps to maintain the co-laminar flow and complex fluidic management networks for homogeneous flow and reactant distributions. To address these issues, a novel paper-based self-pumping MFC stack with potassium formate as the fuel and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant is proposed in this study. The capillary action is employed to achieve passive liquid flow. A vertical stack structure with the unit cells piled one above another compactly is adopted to reduce the volumetric costs. The experimental results show that the maximum power outputs of the two-cell and three-cell stack prototypes are 4.01 and 7.26 mW cm(-2), outperforming the MFC unit by 5.81 and 10.52 times, respectively. The superior performance is attributed to its distinct vertical stacking structure, which brings the enhanced capillary flows in the paper wicks and reduced ohmic losses in comparison with the unit cell. Further, effects of the filter paper and reactant concentrations on the stack performance were examined, and mass transfer of the fuel and/or oxidant to the electrode/electrolyte interface was identified as the main limiting factor. A loose microstructure of the paper wick was found beneficial in enhancing the mass transfer. The potential applications of the MFC stack in a variety of portable electronics are broad.8Yan, Jinliang; Deng, Dingwen; Lu, Fuqiang; Zhang, ZhiyuecA new efficient energy-preserving finite volume element scheme for the improved Boussinesq equationEnergy; Invariant energy quadratization method; Finite volume element method; Improved Boussinesq equation; Sine-Gordon equation 2ND-ORDERbIn this paper, a new linearized energy-preserving Crank-Nicolson finite volume element scheme is derived for < the improved Boussinesq equation. The fully discrete scheme can be shown to conserve both mass and energy in the discrete setting. It is proved that the scheme is uniquely solvable and convergent with the rate of order two in a discrete L-2 norm. At last, a series of numerical experiments on typical improved Boussinesq and Sine-Gordon equations are provided to verify our theoretical results and to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed scheme. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.:Liu, Bingheng; Kong, Lingwei; Sun, Zhiliang; Zhou, ZhenhuaUndrained dynamic response of naturally high-strength sensitive clay to bidirectional cyclic loadings under the plane strain conditionZhanjiang clay; Cyclic plane strain tests; Cyclic minor principal stress; Permanent major principal strain; Excess pore pressureSATURATED SOFT CLAY; DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS; STRUCTURED CLAY; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; SAND; COMPRESSION; SETTLEMENT; CONSTANT; PRESSUREXSoils beneath railway embankments can be considered under the plane strain condition. Excessive settlement has been observed on structured clays beneath railway embankments in the coastal areas of China. Compared with the cyclic behaviors of structured clay under the axisymmetric condition, the dynamic responses under the plane strain condition have been less studied. In this study, several one-way undrained cyclic true triaxial and cyclic plane strain tests were conducted on undisturbed structured clay. The test results show that the permanent major principal strain obtained from cyclic plane strain tests is smaller than that obtained from cyclic true triaxial tests under the same conditions, implying that the permanent major principal strain obtained from the cyclic true triaxial test is overestimated. Moreover, the cyclic minor principal stress has a significant influence on the permanent deformation and excess pore pressure in cyclic plane strain tests. Compared to the results of cyclic plane strain tests with the constant minor principal stress, the permanent major principal strain is lower by 9.2% and 20.1% when the ratios of the amplitude of the cyclic minor principal stress to that of the cyclic major principal stress (eta) are 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. As eta increases, the maximum excess pore pressure increases markedly, whereas the change in the minimum excess pore pressure is almost negligible. Furthermore, an empirical formula for predicting the permanent major principal strain under the plane strain condition consid-ering the impacts of bidirectional cyclic loadings was established.IWang, Junnian; Lv, Siwen; Sun, Nana; Gao, Shoulin; Sun, Wen; Zhou, ZidonguTorque Vectoring Control of RWID Electric Vehicle for Reducing Driving-Wheel Slippage Energy Dissipation in Corneringwelectric vehicle; torque vectoring; slip energy consumption; the longitudinal linear stiffness; recursive least squaresThe anxiety of driving range and inconvenience of battery recharging has placed high requirements on the energy efficiency of electric vehicles. To reduce driving-wheel slip energy consumption while cornering, a torque vectoring control strategy for a rear-wheel independent-drive (RWID) electric vehicle is proposed. First, the longitudinal linear stiffness of each driving wheel is estimated by using the approach of recursive least squares. Then, an initial differential torque is calculated for reducing their overall tire slippage energy dissipation. However, before the differential torque is applied to the two side of driving wheels, an acceleration slip regulation (ASR) is introduced into the overall control strategy to avoid entering into the tire adhesion saturation region resulting in excessive slip. Finally, the simulations of typical manoeuvring conditions are performed to verify the veracity of the estimated tire longitudinal linear stiffness and effectiveness of the torque vectoring control strategy. As a result, the proposed torque vectoring control leads to the largest reduction of around 17% slip power consumption for the situations carried out above."Kong, Liulin; Zhang, Bo; Li,<  ChengjThermal Buckling and Postbuckling Behaviors of Couple Stress and Surface Energy-Enriched FG-CNTR NanobeamsSYMMETRY-BASELnanobeam; symmetrical couple stress theory; surface energy theory; thermal postbuckling; functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforcedrMODEL INCORPORATING MICROSTRUCTURE; STRAIN GRADIENT THEORY; NONLINEAR-ANALYSIS; ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS; BEAMS; PLATESuSmall-sized structural elements such as beams, plates, and shells are usually used as nanomechanical resonators, nanoscale mass sensors, nanoelectromechanical actuators, and nanoenergy harvesters. At the nanoscale, the structures usually possess a high surface area-to-bulk volume ratio, leading to the free energy related to surface atoms becoming considerable compared to that of the bulk part. Earlier reports indicated several physical reasons for size-dependent phenomena, e.g., nonlocal stress, surface energy, and couple stress. To provide an in-depth insight into the mechanical behavior of small-scale structures, size-dependent continuum models including two or more physical factors have attracted the attention of the academic community. This research analyzes the thermal buckling and postbuckling characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced (FG-CNTR) nanobeams with a tri-parameter, nonlinear elastic foundation and subjected to a uniform temperature rise. Chen-Yao's surface energy theory and Yang's symmetrical couple stress theory are combined to capture two types of size effects in nanobeams. The postbuckling model is formulated based on the Euler-Bernoulli deformation hypothesis and Euler-Lagrange equation. Using a two-step perturbation technique, the related postbuckling equilibrium path is determined. In numerical analysis, the impacts of surface energy, couple stress, elastic foundation, boundary conditions, geometric factor, layout type, and volume fraction of CNTs on the thermal buckling and postbuckling behaviors of nanobeams are revealed. It is indicated that considering couple stress or surface energy can lead to a significant increase in the postbuckling stability of nanobeams compared to the case in which it is not considered. In addition, there is a reverse competition between couple stress or surface energy effects on the thermal buckling responses of nanobeams. As the temperature rise will cause the material elastic moduli softening, the thermal buckling load-deflection curves of nanobeams with the temperature-independent case are much higher than those with the temperature-dependent cases.UJiang Yibo; Bi Hui; Li Hui; Tong Xiaojun; Xiang Jinjuan; Wang Xiaolei; Huang XiaodongtStudy on Non-Monotonic Hot Carrier Degradation and Predictive Model for Long Drift Region Double Field Shields LDMOS5IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITYLong drift region of double field shields LDMOS; long-term reliability; hot carrier degradation; hot hole injection and trapping; predictive modelON-RESISTANCE DEGRADATION; N-CHANNEL MOSFETS; AVALANCHE INJECTION; EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRON; NMOSFETS; DEVICES; SILICON; STRESS; HOLES{For power devices, the hot carrier degradation is significant, and the study on long time degradation behavior and mechanism contribute to the improvement of long-term reliability substantially. Through long time stress experiments, the nonmonotonic degradation behavior has been observed for long drift region double field shields lateral double diffused MOS (LDFSs-LDMOS) in this paper. The on-resistance (Rdson) displays the change of rapid increase to slight fall to slow the increase in the accumulation operation test. To reveal the physical mechanism behind the special phenomena, theoretical analyses and TCAD simulations are provided in detail. To predict the degradation of LDFS-LDMOS, a predictive model is developed finally. The proposed model can be fitted well to experimental results at various stress conditions and has been demonstrated accurately through accuracy analyses.=Hua, Linxin; Deng, Jianghua; Shi, Zhoufeng; Wang, Xin; Lu, YeYSingle-stripe-enhanced spacetime stereo reconstruction for con< crete defect identification3D reconstruction; Concrete defect identification; Stereo vision; Laser stripe; Spacetime stereo; Handheld operation; Active frameDFew studies explored the 3D reconstruction of concrete defects, and existing methods often suffer from noise interference or impracticality in real-world applications. This study proposes a novel single-stripe-enhanced spacetime stereo reconstruction method that combines a laser liner for structured light generation and a stereo vision camera. This method analyses the morphology and intensity variation of laser stripes from images captured from single scans, achieving accurate defect reconstructions. It is designed for handheld scenarios with image re-alignment eliminating the vibration caused by handheld operation. The morphology of laser stripes at crack sections is analysed for robust fine crack reconstruction. Active frame searching is introduced to improve the calculation efficiency, enabling spacetime stereo to operate over hundreds of frames. A comparative study of the proposed method and two commonly-used stereo matching methods demonstrates its ability to mitigate the impact of handheld operation and generate 3D reconstructions that highlight potential crack regions.3Xu, Yongming; Cui, Yimin; Wang, Yaodong; Wang, PenglSimulation study on exhaust turbine power generation for waste heat recovery from exhaust of a diesel engineExhaust turbine; Energy recovery; High-speed permanent magnet generator; Generator electromagnetic characteristics; System efficiencyRANKINE; COMPOUNDDiesel engine has been used as the primary mover in vehicles for a long time. It is known that around 25%-30% of the fuel energy is wasted in the exhaust gas from diesel engines. In this study, a turbine power generation system including a 1.8 kW 60,000 r/min high-speed permanent magnet generator and a micro exhaust gas turbine, which is coupled to a diesel engine is designed and modeled to investigate its potential for recovering the wasted energy in the exhaust gas from a diesel engine. Computational models are set up using GT-POWER, MATLAB/SIMULINK and ANSOFT software. The performance and characteristics of the generator, the exhaust gas turbine and the engine are investigated. The simulation results showed that the exhaust turbine power generation system recovered the energy from the engine exhaust gas to generate electrical power. Simultaneously, the maximum power generated is 1.8 kW when the turbine speed is 60,000 rpm. The system efficiency reached its peak of 42.8% when the engine speed is 3000 rpm Last but not least, the electromagnetic characteristics of high-speed permanent magnet generator, which is coupled to an exhaust turbine, are also discussed and presented. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.'Chai, Jimin; Zheng, Yuping; Pan, ShuyaneRotating phasor-based algorithm for the identification of inrush currents of three-phase transformersELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCHbThree-phase transformer; Delta-connected winding; Inrush current; Second harmonic; Rotating phasorIdentification of the inrush current is a prominent research issue pertaining to transformer protection. This study first analyzes the possible low-second-harmonic content of the differential current when a three-phase trans-former with delta-connected windings is energized by wye windings. Further, we propose a rotating phasor-based algorithm for the second harmonic content. The algorithm first rotates the corresponding phasors of the fundamental wave and the second harmonic of one phase current, then recombines them with the fundamental wave and the second harmonic of another phase current to form a new second harmonic content calculation formula. Finally, several tests were conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC and recorded data of field transformer protection. The simulation and test results show that the algorithm can lead to considerable improvements in the accuracy of inrush current identification of the three-phase transformer. The proposed algorithm provides a new identification method for the per-phase bloc< king of differential protection.4Wang, Xiangzhi; Qiu, Mingbo; Guo, Hun; Ding, SonglinHPowder-mixed multi-channel discharge wire electrical discharge machiningVWEDM; EDM; Multi-channel; Powder; Semiconductor; Simulation; Equipotential; Dispersion7ALLOY; WEDM; OPTIMIZATION; MECHANISM; EDM; ABLATION; ALgWire electrical discharge machining (EDM) is the most important approach to cutting difficult-to-machine materials and components with complex shapes in the manufacturing industry. However, the multiple demands for high material removal rate, high surface quality, and low energy consumption require contradictory working conditions and restrict the further improvement of the performance of WEDM. This paper introduced a novel powder-mixed multi-channel WEDM method using the multi-channel discharge effect to meet the conflicting requirements. The multi-channel discharge effect utilizes the equipotential characteristics of the semiconductor powder mixed in the dielectric to disperse discharge energy and therefore provides a feasible solution to resolve the above contradictions. New working principles and machining mechanisms were discovered and verified by the simulation and experimental results. Comparative experiments show that the new powder-mixed multi-channel discharge WEDM method significantly reduced surface roughness and thermal defects while maintained a similar material removal rate as conventional WEDM.9-10oLing, Lei; Li, Li; Xie, Yajun; Wang, Tianbo; Zheng, Keqing; Shan, Shuai; Zhang, Lanchun; Bei, Shaoyi; Xu, QiangbOptimal Design of Minichannel Cold Plate for the Thermal Management of Cylindrical Battery ModulesENERGY TECHNOLOGY^cold plates; cylindrical battery modules; liquid cooling; lithium-ion batteries; mini-channels+LITHIUM-ION BATTERY; SYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; PACKRThe application of the minichannel cold plate in a cylindrical battery module encounters the problem of poor heat transfer capability as it cannot match well with the curved surfaces of the cylindrical batteries. Herein, design optimization of a minichannel cold plate is performed to enhance its heat dissipation performance in the cylindrical battery module. In-depth analyses are made on the thermal behavior of a cylindrical battery module with minichannel cold plates. Influences of different cold plate design parameters, including the size and position of the heat transfer interface between the batteries and the cold plates, the cold plate material, and the cold plate thickness, are examined and compared under various coolant velocities. The results highlight the significance of cold plate design in achieving a high-performance cooling system for the cylindrical battery module. Based on the results, some general rules are set for the design of minichannel cold plates in the cylindrical battery module, which can provide useful guidance for the future development of minichannel cold plates.DZhu, Chengxiu; Chen, Yingting; Zhao, Jingbo; Li, Cheng; Lei, Zuxiang;On Nonlocal Vertical and Horizontal Bending of a Micro-Beam MECHANICSUThe vertical and horizontal bending of micro-beams subjected to axial compressive and transverse concentrated loadings is a common lateral deformation in micro-/nano-engineering that plays a significant role in the design and optimization of micro-/nano-devices. The present study aims to investigate it using the nonlocal theory. For this purpose, the simplified mathematical model is developed, and the nonlocal differential constitutive equation is applied. Since the mechanical properties of micro-beams are different from those of macro-beams, the non-classical nonlocal bending moment is introduced to improve the classical bending formulation in order to adapt to the vertical and horizontal bending of micro-beams. The effects of the external load, external size, structural stiffness, and internal characteristic scale on the vertical and horizontal bending deformation including the midpoint deflection and critical compression are presented. The present analytical model and results are validated by the finite element method. It is shown that<  the critical compression decreases with increasing the internal characteristic scale. Moreover, the midpoint deflection varies remarkably with respect to the axial and transverse loadings, structural stiffness, internal characteristic scale, and external size. An obvious nonlocal scale effect is found, in which the internal characteristic scale cannot be neglected compared with the external size. Besides, a threshold value of the structural stiffness is determined, and the connotation of the nonlocal interaction requires that the structural stiffness shall not be lower than that threshold. A mutual restriction between structural stiffness and external loadings is observed in the vertical and horizontal bending. In particular, it is further proved that the classical continuum mechanics can not be used in micro-/nano-scaled mechanics through a strange phenomenon that is contrary to mechanical common sense in the calculation example. The study is expected to be beneficial to the design and application of micro-beams subjected to the vertical and horizontal bending.]Kong, Linglei; Wang, Xiangzhi; He, Qing; Han, Jinjin; Suorong, Zhang; Kai, Ding; Liu, ZhidonggMicrocosmic mechanism of die-sinking mixed-gas atomization discharge ablation process on titanium alloyoTitanium alloy; EDM; Discharge ablation process; Mixed-gas atomized medium; Single pulse; Microcosmic mechanismzMATERIAL REMOVAL PROCESS; MACHINING CHARACTERISTICS; SINGLE DISCHARGE; DRY EDM; ENERGY; DIELECTRICS; PARAMETERS; TI-6AL-4VIn order to reveal the microscopic mechanism of the titanium alloy die-sinking mixed-gas atomization discharge ablation process (MA-DAP), a single-pulse discharge test was performed using a needle electrode discharge device. According to the step-like characteristic of the single discharge waveform, the micro-erosion process could be divided into four stages: preparation for oxidation ablation; oxidation occurrence and oxide layer generation; oxidation-ablation dynamic balance and oxide layer prototype formation; and oxidation-ablation termination and integral oxide layer formation. Theoretical analysis showed that the violent exothermic oxidation reaction between the oxygen medium and the high-temperature melting material introduced a large quantity of external chemical energy into the sparking region. Fast vaporization and explosion of the atomized medium after heating gave MA-DAP high particle removal power. The technological experimental results showed MA-DAP provides high material removal efficiency and strong deep-hole machining ability. The depth-to-diameter ratio of the specially shaped titanium alloy MA-DAF blind hole was 11 times that from traditional electrical discharge machining, while the cross-sectional hardness can be reduced by 45%.7Chen, Zening; Che, Xianpeng; Wang, Lihang; Zhang, LijieeMachine learning for ship heave motion prediction: Online adaptive cycle reservoir with regular jumpsOCEAN ENGINEERINGwShip heave motion prediction; Bayesian optimization; Concept drift; Online learning; Cycle reservoir with regular jumpsShip heave motion prediction is an important part of wave compensation. Machine learning algorithms, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, have demonstrated commendable predictive capabilities in this area. However, traditional methods rely on offline training, which limits their ability to obtain effective information from new available data, and in practical scenarios, the predictive effectiveness of traditional models deteriorates when ship motion data changes unforeseen. To address this issue, this paper introduces an Online Adaptive Cycle Reservoir with Regular Jumps (CRJ) for predicting ship heave motion. The method activates a Bayesian optimizer when the model prediction deteriorates and adjusts the model parameters online to adapt the current ship motion data. The proposed method has been successfully applied in ship heave motion prediction experiments and compared with three models (CRJ, Deep Delay CRJ, LSTM) the results show that the proposed model exhibits superior stability and robustness. < In addition, the online training time of the model is sufficiently short enough to satisfy the demand for online prediction.5Chang, Ray C.; Lv, Yangnan; Shi, Jing; Chen, NingyingSIrregular deviation of flight control surface monitoring for jet transport aircraftzFlight control surface; Lift-to-drag ratio; Quick access recorder (QAR); Stability and controllability; Flight data mining FUZZY; DESIGN Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the irregular deviation examination of flight control surfaces and the potential problem diagnosis of irregular deviations for the jet transport aircraft. A four-jet transport aircraft at transonic flight in cruise phase is the study case of the present article. Design/methodology/approach The standard lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) and flight dynamic models are established through flight data mining and the fuzzy logic modeling technique based on the flight data of quick access recorder available in the Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) program of the airlines. The irregular deviations of flight control surfaces are examined by the standard L/D model-predicted results through sensitivity analysis. The contribution values in L/D deficiency are predicted by the deviations and the L/D derivatives of all influencing variables in Taylor series expansion. The potential problems due to irregular deviations can be excavated by the flight dynamic models through the analysis of in-flight stability and controllability. Findings The magnitude of stabilizer angle to the deficiency of L/D is the largest among the four control surfaces and elevator is the second one through the judgment of contribution values in L/D deficiency. The stabilizer has irregular deviations with obvious endplay problems of jackscrew, as found in the present study. The stabilizer is suggested to have the unscheduled maintenance for the flight control rigging. Research limitations/implications The specific transport aircraft of the standard L/D model should be the best one in L/D performance among all transport aircraft in the fleet of the airlines. The present method is a new concept to monitor the irregular deviation of flight control surface. The study case of the four-jet transport aircraft at transonic flight in cruise phase is illustrated as the standard L/D mode. The required flight data of monitored flight is requested to eliminate the biases through compatibility checks. The flight data of study case in the present study is also illustrated as monitored flight data. Practical implications To diagnose the irregular deviations of flight control surface deflected angles with contributing to the L/D deficiency estimation is an innovation to improve the flight data analysis of FOQA program for airlines. If the irregular deviation problems of control surfaces can be fixed after rigging in maintenance, the goal of flight safety and aviation fuel saving will be achieved. Social implications The flight control surface rigging of unscheduled maintenance is not expected to coincide with an airline's peak season or unavailable space in hangar. The optimal time of unscheduled maintenance for the flight control rigging will be easily decided through the correlations between excessive fuel cost and flight safety. Originality/value This method can be used to assist airlines to monitor irregular angular positions of flight control surfaces as a complementary tool for management to improve aviation safety, operation and operational efficiency.Ma, Xingliang; Xu, Fuyou_Investigation on the sampling distributions of non-Gaussian wind pressure skewness and kurtosis(MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSINGFSampling distribution; Skewness; Kurtosis; Gaussian process regressionEXTREMES; ERRORS; ROOFAccurate estimation of skewness and kurtosis is crucial for addressing issues related to nonGaussian wind pressure distribution fitting, signal simulation, and extreme estimation. The skewness and kurtosis determined from finite-length signals are inherent random variables characterized by obvious value fluctuations. Very limited research has bee< n conducted on the sampling distributions of skewness and kurtosis for non-Gaussian wind pressure, motivating the present study. Firstly, the investigation focuses on the non-Gaussian white noise. The expressions of main statistical indicators such as the variance, covariance, correlation coefficient, skewness, and kurtosis of the two sampling distributions are derived and then verified using the Hermite polynomial model. The primary factors influencing the sampling distribution variance (SDV) of white noise are analyzed, including the signal length and marginal moments of the parent distribution. Secondly, the concentration shifts to colored non-Gaussian processes. The composition of SDV is analyzed through theoretical derivation. On this basis, a method for estimating SDV values using the Gaussian process regression model is proposed, with accuracy and feasibility verified based on the long-duration wind pressure data measured in wind tunnel. Furthermore, the relationship between the SDVs of wind pressure processes, signal length, higher-order correlation functions, and marginal moments of the parent process is discussed.$Xu, Yongming; Ai, Mengmeng; Xu, ZiyiInfluence of partial winding fault on electromagnetic performance of permanent magnet wind generator with double three-phase windingsPermanent magnet wind generator; Double three-phase winding; Derating operation; Winding distribution; Output power?In order to ensure the continuous output of electric energy, it is necessary to study the fault-tolerant operation of permanent magnet wind generator with double three-phase winding under partial winding fault. For a permanent magnet wind generator with double three-phase winding, after one of the windings is isolated due to fault, the winding distribution will have a certain effect on the generator's output power and electromagnetic torque during derating operation. In order to find the maximum power output and electromagnetic torque output under this condition, the permanent magnet wind generator with double three-phase winding is studied in this research. A 60 kW double three-phase winding generator with 12 parallel branches is designed. By combining the parallel branches of the generator in different parallel ways, four different double three-phase winding schemes are obtained and the corresponding physical models under single winding conditions are established, simulated and analyzed, and the optimal simulation results of the four schemes are obtained. Finally, through the construction and testing of the prototype platform, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and simulation results is verified. The results show that the permanent magnet wind generator with double three-phase winding can obtain the maximum power output and electromagnetic torque through the optimal winding combination under single winding operation, which will increase the economic benefit of the generator and sustainable utilization of wind energy. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.NWang, Min; Ding, Chuan; Miao, Yingchun; Liu, Tianyu; Hang, Kang; Zhang, JintaoImproving electrochemical properties and structural stability of lithium manganese silicates as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries via introducing lithium excessBCathode material; lithium excess; lithium ion batteries; Li2MnSiO4%HIGH-CAPACITY; LI2MNSIO4; PERFORMANCEThe serious capacity decay caused by structural amorphization is still a major issue for polyanion-type lithium manganese silicates (Li2MnSiO4) as cathode material for lithium ion batteries. In this work, a new strategy for alleviating the structural instability via the introduction of excess lithium into the host crystal lattice is provided. A comprehensive study demonstrates that the required energy for the extraction/insertion of lithium ions into host crystal lattice was decreased as a result of changed local environment of cations in the compound after the excess lithium occupancy in lattice. Importantly, it was found that Li-rich samples deliver higher reversible capacity and increased average potential than < pristine sample, indicating the improved energy density of polyanion-type Li2 + 2xMn1 - xSiO4/C-. Additionally, the structure of Li2.2 sample was kept intact, while the Li2.0 sample was transformed to amorphous state at 200 mA h g(-1) during the initial charging process by controlling the charge cut-off potential. As expected, the introduction of a certain amount of excess lithium into Li2MnSiO4 is explored as a route to achieving increased capacity with more movable lithium, while maintaining its structural stability and cyclic stability.!Chang, R. C.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, W.dFlight control strategy for jet transport in severe clear-air turbulence based on flight data miningAERONAUTICAL JOURNALrFlight data mining; Plunging motion; Flight Data Recorder (FDR); Nonlinear dynamic inversion; Hazardous mitigationFRAMEWORK; AIRCRAFT; DESIGNThis paper presents a new concept of the control strategy in prevention program for the airlines to prevent the injuries of passengers and crew members for transport aircraft. A twin-jet transport aircraft encountered severe clear-air turbulence at transonic flight in descending phase is the study case of the present paper. The nonlinear and unsteady flight controllability models based on flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling of artificial intelligence technique, are utilised to support this new concept. The proposed flight controllability models with the function of nonlinear dynamic inversion are employed to provide flight control strategy through flight simulations of dynamic inversion process; it is an innovation in mathematical modelling of aerospace engineering. Since the sudden plunging motion with the abrupt change in attitude and gravitational acceleration (i.e. the normal load factor) to affect the flight safety the most, hazard mitigation is a great concern for the aviation community. The present study is initiated to examine possible mitigation concepts of accident prevention to provide a training course for loss of control in-flight program to the airlines.PII S0001924022000525}Ren, Luquan; Wu, Qian; Liu, Qingping; Ren, Lei; Wang, Kunyang; Zhou, Xueli; Wang, Zhenguo; He, Yulin; Zhao, Che; Li, BingqianPFiber-dominated Soft Actuators Inspired by Plant Cell Walls and Skeletal MusclesJOURNAL OF BIONIC ENGINEERINGSBioinspired; Biological materials; Fiber-mediated composites; Actuator; 4D printingPINE-CONES; MECHANICS; GEOMETRYUMorphing botanical tissues and animal muscles are all fiber-mediated composites, in which fibers play a passive and active role, respectively. Herein, inspired by the mechanism of fibers functioning in morphing botanical tissues and animal muscles, we propose two sorts of fiber-dominated composite actuators. First, inspired by the deformation of awned seeds in response to humidity change, we fabricate passive fiber-dominated actuators using non-active aligned carbon fibers via 4D printing method. The effects of process parameters, structural parameters, and fiber angles on the deformation of the printed actuators are examined. The experimental results show that the orientation degree is enhanced, resulting in a better swelling effect as the printing speed increases. Then, motivated by the actuation mechanism of skeletal muscle, we prepare active fiber-dominated actuators using active polyurethane fibers via 4D printing and pre-stretching method. The effect of fiber angle and loading on the actuation mode is experimentally analyzed. The experimental results show that the rotation angle of the actuator gradually decreases with the angle from 45 to 60. When the fiber angle is 0 and 90, the driver basically stops rotating while shrinking along the loading direction. Based on the above actuation mechanisms, identical contraction behaviors are realized both in passive and active fiber-dominated soft actuators. This work provides a validation method for biologically actuation mechanisms via 4D printing technique and smart materials and adds further insights to the design of bioinspired soft actuators.jSong, Yongsheng; Ding, Youliang; Jiang, Fei; Wang, Zhe; Jia, Hu< ijuan; Chen, Zhiyuan; Xu, Chen; Ge, JingwenFatigue Performance of CFRP-Strengthened Rib-to-Diaphragm Welded Details of Orthotropic Steel Decks: Experimental and Numerical Evaluation5STRESS-ANALYSES; CRACK GROWTH; JOINTS; BRIDGES; TESTSRib-to-diaphragm welded details of orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) are susceptible to fatigue cracking. To deal with such cracking problem, a strengthening method using externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates was investigated by fatigue experiment and numerical evaluation. A full-scale OSD specimen with two ribs and two diaphragms was tested to evaluate fatigue cracking behavior, as well as the stress before and after strengthening. An experimentally validated numerical model was established to confirm the optimal opportunity for CFRP strengthening. The influence of different CFRP strengthening measures were then discussed on the stress intensity factors at crack tips. It was shown that bonding of CFRP plates can significantly reduce stress of rib-to-diaphragm welded details. The best opportunity for CF RP strengthening is selected as the length of crack reaches at 25.00 mm where the amplitude of stress intensity factor is the smallest. The attachment of CFRP plates by bonding on the surface of cracked plates can reduce stress response at cracked region by more than 30%. The length of crack is of no flat growth until the total number of loading cycle after strengthening arrived at 0.8 million. Results of SIFs calculated by numerical model dropes after strengthening with reduction rate more than 35% and 18% at two crack tips and crack midpoint, respectively. Compared to the geometric dimensions of CFRP, the elastic modulus of CFRP and glue layer shows more significant influence on the fatigue performance of Rib-to-diaphragm welded details due to their stronger restraint to the propagation of crack peaks. This study provided a technical reference to the design and actual application of CFRP in the strengthening of welded details in OSDs.Li, Li; Huang, Haocheng; Lin, Xue-Mei; Fan, Xin; Sun, Yanyun; Zhou, Wencai; Wang, Tianbo; Bei, Shaoyi; Zheng, Keqing; Xu, Qiang; Wang, Xiaochun; Ni, MengEnhancing the performance of paper-based microfluidic fuel cell via optimization of material properties and cell structures: A review ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENTVMicrofluidic fuel cell; Paper; Material properties; Cell structure; Output performancewPOROUS-ELECTRODES MODEL; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GRAPHITE; GLUCOSE; DESIGN; ENERGY; ELECTRICITY; GENERATION; METHANOL; ARRAYPaper-based microfluidic fuel cell (PMFC) has attracted great attention in the microfluidic fuel cell field in recent years. It utilizes the spontaneous capillary flow of reactant solutions in paper-based porous substrate to achieve passive transportations of fuel and oxidant, solving the fluid driving issue encountered in traditional microfluidic fuel cells and thus having broad application prospects in medical detection, wearable devices, micro sensors, environmental monitoring, and many other fields. However, the commercialization of this technology is impeded by the low output performance caused by the limited mass and energy transfer in PMFCs. To enhance the mass and energy transfer in PMFCs, numerous research studies have been conducted via experimental optimization of the cell materials and structures. Numerical analyses focusing on the structure-activity relationship of PMFCs were also performed recently. To provide a comprehensive and thorough review about the efforts devoted to improving performance of PMFC, research papers relevant to PMFC since its invention in 2014 have been extracted in this work and significant works were filtered to highlight the exciting advancements. The experimental studies were classified and discussed based on the key components involved in the PMFC system, followed by a critical review of the limited computational models. Potential directions for future research were also provided, aimed at overcoming the current technological challenges in PMFCs. Importantly, an innovative strategy of mul< ti-scale simultaneous optimization of the cell properties is proposed considering the typical multiscale feature of the PMFC system, which could inspire the designing of advanced cell materials with optimal multi-scale structures for applications of PMFCs.&Liu, Runqiao; Wei, Minxiang; Sang, NanvEmergency obstacle avoidance trajectory tracking control based on active disturbance rejection for autonomous vehicles1INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ROBOTIC SYSTEMSActive disturbance rejection control; autonomous vehicle; four-wheel steering; high-speed emergency obstacle avoidance; trajectory tracking"OPTIMAL PREVIEW CONTROL; STABILITYTo solve the problem of understeer and oversteer for autonomous vehicle under high-speed emergency obstacle avoidance conditions, considering the effect of steering angular frequency and vehicle speed on yaw rate for four-wheel steering vehicles in the frequency domain, a feed-forward controller for four-wheel steering autonomous vehicles that tracks the desired yaw rate is proposed. Furthermore, the steering sensitivity coefficient of the vehicle is compensated linearly with the change in the steering angular frequency and vehicle speed. In addition, to minimize the tracking errors caused by vehicle nonlinearity and external disturbances, an active disturbance rejection control feedback controller that tracks the desired lateral displacement and desired yaw angle is designed. Finally, CarSim (R) obstacle avoidance simulation results show that an autonomous vehicle with the four-wheel steering path tracking controller consisting of feed-forward control and feedback control could not only improve the tire lateral forces but also reduce tail flicking (oversteer) and pushing ahead (understeer) under high-speed emergency obstacle avoidance conditions.6Wang, Xiangzhi; Li, Chaojiang; Guo, Hun; Ding, SonglinCElectrical discharge machining of polycrystalline diamond: A review`PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE`Electrical discharge machining; EDM; machining mechanism; polycrystalline diamond; PCD; PCD toolMICRO WIRE-EDM; SURFACE INTEGRITY; RECAST LAYER; TOOL WEAR; SINTERED DIAMOND; PULSE-GENERATOR; CUTTING FORCES; WHEEL-TOOL; PCD TOOLS; FABRICATIONZOwing to its ultra-hardness and exceptional wear resistance, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) is widely used in numerous applications such as bearing, nozzle, metal cutting, oil and gas, and hard rock mining. However, the hardness of diamond means PCD products are incredibly difficult to manufacture. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most effective non-traditional methods used for machining PCD materials, although the unique composite structure and low electrical conductivity of PCD lead to low machining efficiency. This paper presents an overview of the methods and newly emerged state-of-the-art technologies to improve material removal rate and surface quality as well as the mechanisms behind these methods. Literature analysis shows that efficiency improvement could be achieved by increasing energy utilization and the sparking gap in EDM. The utilization of discharge energy is highly sensitive to the expansion of single discharge sparks. Further improvement in machining efficiency could be achieved by enhancing discharge expansion and explosive force through changing processing forms, dielectric, electrode shape, and power generator in the future. To provide a comprehensive insight of the machinability of PCD, EDM processes of using PCD as tool electrodes to machine other materials to improve machining performance are also discussed.^Liu, Qiong; Cheng, Shengbo; Sun, Chang; Chen, Kailun; Singh, Amardeep; Bai, Tixin; Bai, YingliEffects of varied building solid wastes, particle sizes and substitution ratios on the performance and impedance spectrum of recycled fine aggregate mortar and the feasibility of developing a prediction method\Construction solid wastes; Recycled sand; Impedance spectrum; Porosity; Compressive strengthkELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CEMENT PASTE; AC-IMPEDANCE; CONCRETE; SP< ECTROSCOPY; MICROSTRUCTURE; HYDRATION; ASHIn this study, three solid waste materials (sintered bricks (SB), aerated blocks (AB) and cementitious mortar (CM)) were studied to analysis the influence on the impedance characteristics and mechanical properties of recycled sand mortar. Mortar containing recycled sand obtained similar or even higher compressive strengths as to the control group at 15% substitution rate. The density of the mortar decreased with the substitution rate of recycled sand. The porosity increased by 18% compared to the control group with an inclusion of 45% of SB. The bulk density of recycled mortar was found to be related to the particle size of the recycled sand, for instance, the bulk density of ABCS45 was 6% less than ABFS45. The AC impedance spectrum results showed that the high-frequency arc was the smallest for AB and the largest for CM. The R1 values of AB were 0.27 and 0.14 times that of SB and CM, respectively. The high-frequency arc of the mortar increased with hydration, consuming OH- ions and raising R0 values, while the compacting matrix led to a rise in R1 values. After 28 days curing, mortars containing SB and CM sands displayed higher R1 values, with CMCS45 being approximately 50% higher than the control group. Through analyzing the physical, mechanical, and impedance properties, it revealed a correlation coefficient -0.88 between porosity and R0 values, with bulk density and compressive strength demonstrating stronger correlation with R1 values. These findings offer valuable guidance for utilizing and nondestructively testing recycled materials.9Zhang, Yuanyuan; Ren, Chunling; Meng, Haodong; Wang, YongtDynamic Characteristic Analysis of a Half-Vehicle Seat System Integrated with Nonlinear Energy Sink Inerters (NESIs)thalf-vehicle seat system; nonlinear energy sink; inerter; dynamic characteristics; structural parameter optimizationVIBRATION ABSORBERTo enhance the dynamic performance of half-vehicle seat systems and reduce vibrations in both the vertical and pitching directions, a nonlinear energy sink inerter (NESI) can be introduced and aligned with lightweight design principles. A dynamic model of a half-vehicle seat system integrated with NESIs is constructed using Newton's second law. The dynamic response of the system under pavement harmonic and random excitations is obtained using the pseudo-arc-length and harmonic balance methods and the numerical method, respectively. The dynamic behavior of the system is assessed using eight evaluation indexes. The optimal structural parameters of the NESIs are determined through the genetic algorithm. The results indicate that using NESIs attenuates resonance peaks and reduces root mean square (RMS) values for vehicle seat suspension strokes, front and rear suspension system strokes, and front and rear dynamic tire loads. Howev      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ er, the resonance peaks and RMS values for other performance indexes, which are vehicle seat vertical acceleration, the bodywork vertical, and pitching accelerations, exhibit an increase. When the structural parameters of the NESIs are optimized and contrasted with the original NESIs, the RMS values of the bodywork's vertical and pitching acceleration, seat vertical acceleration, and seat suspension stroke will decrease by 23.97%, 27.48%, 23.59%, and 14.29%, respectively, and the other evaluation indexes will satisfy the limit conditions.6Guo, Wan-Li; Zhu, Jun-Gao; Shi, Wei-Cheng; Wu, Ying-LiSDilatancy Equation for Rockfill Materials under Three-Dimensional Stress ConditionsODilatancy equation; Constitutive relations; Rockfill material; Laboratory testsMODEL; SAND; DEFORMATIONThe intermediate principal stress ratio b has a significant influence on the dilatancy behaviors of rockfill materials. The dilatancy equation is defined as a function of the dilatancy d(g) and the stress ratio eta. To investigate the applicability of a dilatancy equation when considering the influence of the b-value, a series of true triaxial tests including constant b-value (CB) tests and plane strain tests were performed. The results of the CB tests<  indicated that the stress ratio at the critical state, M-c, remarkably decreases with increasing b-value. By comparing the results with three widely used interpolation functions, a newly proposed interpolation function was suggested to express the relationships between the material constants of the dilatancy equation, i.e., M-c, A, and C, and the Lode angle theta (b-value). Additionally, the predictions of the dilatancy equation considering b-value agreed well with the rearranged test data of the constant-b and plane strain rockfill specimens. As a result, the dilatancy equation and the proposed interpolation function are believed to well express the dilatancy behaviors of rockfill materials under three-dimensional stress conditions. (c) 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.kZhu, Shichao; Xia, Wenzhen; Kamali, Hamidreza; Ouyang, Linhan; Xie, Lingling; Huang, Zhenyi; Jiang, ZhengyioDeep learning-driven precision control of dilution rate in multi-pass laser cladding: experiment and simulation^Laser cladding; Heat accumulation effect; Dilution rate; Deep learning; Multi-pass overlappingMELTING DEPOSITION; PROCESS PARAMETERS; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; ALLOY; COMPONENTS; EVOLUTION; TITANIUM; PROPERTYThe continuous energy input can lead to heat accumulation in the multi-pass lap laser cladding, which results in a progressive increase in the dilution rate and deteriorates the quality of laser cladding. Precisely controlling the stability of the dilution in the multi-pass laser cladding is still challenging. In this study, we proposed a deep-learning driven method for precisely controlling the dilution rate in the multi-pass laser cladding. Initially, the relationship between the dilution rate and power energy is retracted via the experiment-based finite element simulation. Subsequently, the convolution neural network deep learning is applied to optimize and improve the accuracy of the dilution rates in the cladding layer. The experiment verifies that the high stability of dilution rate in each pass, i.e., average errors of less than 10.88%, is achieved via in-situ adjusting of the power energy using the prediction obtained from the proposed method. We also attempted to provide insights into the dilution mechanism in Invar alloy multi-pass laser cladding as well as the potential applications of this method for other materials and other additive manufacturing.11-12QLi, Li; Ling, Lei; Xie, Yajun; Shan, Shuai; Bei, Shaoyi; Zheng, Keqing; Xu, Qiang?Counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell with trapezoidal electrodes;Trapezoidal electrode; Microfluidic fuel cell; Counter-flow&SIMULATIONS; V(IV)/V(V); DESIGN; MODELDCounter-flow microfluidic fuel cell suffers from severe non-uniform reaction rate distribution which leads to a poor contribution of the electrode outer part to the cell performance. In the present study, a novel trapezoidal electrode is designed for counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell to ameliorate its inferior performance. Superiority of the trapezoidal electrode over the conventional rectangular electrode is examined based on systematic numerical analyses and the results demonstrate that the cell with isosceles trapezoidal electrodes operated at 60 ILL min'1 can even perform better than that with rectangular electrodes operated at a much higher flow rate (300 ILL min -1). Mechanism behind the excellent performance of trapezoidal electrode is attributed to the synergistic effects of the enlarged active region, reduced ionic resistance and distinctive fluid distribution. Further optimization studies prove that isosceles trapezoidal design is preferred to the right-angled trapezoidal design owing to the more uniform fluid distribution and appropriate top length is suggested under the comprehensive consideration of electrode performance, fluid stability and operation feasibility. Conclusions indicate that the present trapezoidal electrode is more suitable for counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell and deserves further development.BLiu, Cong; She, Wenhao; Chen, Minjie; Li, Xiaofang; Yang, Simon X.>Consistent penalizing fi< eld loss for zero-shot image retrieval EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONSPImage retrieval; Zero-shot; Deep metric learning; Computer vision; Deep learningZero-shot image retrieval involves retrieving images of unseen classes using a query image of the same class. To determine whether a given image is of the same class as the query image, a universal threshold of similarity measures is needed, as class-specific thresholds are not feasible for unseen classes. However, existing methods for zero-shot image retrieval focus on pushing a margin between intra-class and inter-class similarities for each class during the training phase. This approach can result in varying decision boundaries between intraand inter-class similarities across classes, which could compromise performance when a universal threshold is used in the inference stage. Additionally, for classes with low intra-class variances or inter-class correlations, the pushing force of the margin-pushing approach might be too weak to learn high-quality embeddings. To address these issues, we propose a novel Consistent Penalizing Field (CPF) Loss for zero-shot image retrieval. The proposed method has a single consistent penalizing field for all classes, resulting in similar decision boundaries across classes. By penalizing samples outside the penalizing field, CPF Loss can better utilize the information of samples with highly unbalanced intra-class and inter-class correlations, and improve the discriminative power of DML learning for zero-shot image retrieval. Extensive experiments are conducted on the challenging Shopee Product Matching dataset and other established benchmarks, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/cloudlc/CPF.sLi, Li; Xu, Qiang; Wang, Hongkang; Bei, Shaoyi; Shen, Shuanglin; He, Yun; Zheng, Yan; Wang, Xiaochun; Zheng, KeqingzBoost performance of porous electrode for microfluidic fuel cells: electrochemical modification or structure optimization?celectrochemical modification; microfluidic fuel cell; microstructure optimization; porous electrodeGMETHANOL; GLYCEROL; DESIGN; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIMULATIONS; AEROGEL; MODELMThe development of high-performance porous electrode is highly desired in microfluidic fuel cells (MFCs) to improve their output for real-world applications. Previous studies have mainly focused on the electrochemical modification of the porous electrodes to enhance their reaction kinetics. Yet, less attention was paid on the optimization of the electrode porous structure for improved mass transport. To identify proper optimization strategies, a computational model of flow-through type MFC with porous electrodes is established in this work and systematic numerical analyses are conducted to compare the effects of the kinetic and structural parameters of the anode and cathode on the cell performance. Simulation results show that the constraint from the anode is more severe and concentration polarization brought by the insufficient mass transfer in the porous electrodes dominates the cell performance. Thus, structure optimization of the porous electrode for enhanced mass transfer is more promising in the performance enhancement of MFCs in comparison with the electrochemical modification. The specific surface area of the anode is identified as the most influencing factor. After proper structure optimization, an increase of 62.2% can be obtained in the current density at 0.8 V, which is three times of that in the electrochemical modification case. Based on the results, useful guidance is provided for the future development of MFCs. Novelty Statement A computational model of MFC with flow-through porous electrodes is established. Simulation results show that structure optimization of the porous electrode for enhanced mass transfer is more promising in the performance enhancement of MFCs in comparison with the electrochemical modification. After proper structure optimization, an increase of 62.2% can be obtained in the current density at 0.8 V.;Chen, < Wengang; Gao, Chuanqiang; Zhang, Weiwei; Gong, YimingFAdjoint-based unsteady shape optimization to suppress transonic buffet AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY=Transonic buffet; Shape optimization; Unsteady adjoint methodkAERODYNAMIC DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL; SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOIL; SIMULATION; ONSET; GRIDS; FLOWNThe traditional aerodynamic shape optimization mainly aims at the enhancement of lift-drag ratio in the steady state. In this study, the onset of transonic buffet is improved by the unsteady aerodynamic shape optimization. To achieve this goal, the variance of lift coefficient in a period is adopted as the optimization objective. In addition, the gradients of the objective function with respect to shape parameters are efficiently calculated by the unsteady discrete adjoint method. The proposed method is verified by two optimization examples of NACA0012 and OAT15A. Not only the onsets of transonic buffet are increased by 0.9 degrees and 1.7 degrees respectively, but also the aerodynamic performance is improved. According to the shape change of optimization examples, we summarize three airfoil geometric characteristics: the position of maximum thickness of the upper airfoil, the thickness near the leading edge, and the thickness near the trailing edge. The influence of the geometric characteristics on the flow stability has been studied. (C) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.^Li, Li; Ling, Lei; Xie, Yajun; Shan, Shuai; Bei, Shaoyi; Sun, Yanyun; Zheng, Keqing; Xu, QiangYAchieving high fuel utilization for microfluidic fuel cell under high flow rate operationUMicrofluidic fuel cell; Flow-through electrode; High fuel utilization; High flow ratedPROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; POROUS-ELECTRODES MODEL; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; CATALYSTS; ALKALINE; AEROGELaHigh fuel utilization is highly desirable in microfluidic fuel cell (MFC) operated under high flow rates. This work provides insight into the requirements in geometrical design, electrode material and operation parameter to realize significantly improved fuel utilization under high flow rate operation for the flow-through type MFC. Detailed parametric analyses are performed and corresponding mechanism investigations reveal that the outer part and downstream region of the electrodes contribute much less than their inner and upstream counterparts in terms of reaction rate owing to the increased ohmic resistance. Consequently, simply increasing the electrode width or length cannot bring satisfactory fuel utilization but only results in a reduced current density. Optimized electrode aspect ratio could realize the simultaneous enhancement of fuel utilization and current density, but the increasing extent is still not satisfying. Compared with the geometrical optimization, developing advanced electrode material is more promising. Increasing the specific surface area of the electrode material is demonstrated more effective than electrochemical activity enhancement since the system suffers a severe mass transfer limitation. Besides, low reactant concentration is found not applicable to the high flow rate system owing to the existence of limiting fuel utilization.7Hua, Hongliang; Liao, Zhenqiang; Song, Jie; Liu, YuhangfA sparse piecewise calibration method for potentiometer with inherent nonlinearity: A comparison study[Sensor calibration; Measurement error; Inherent nonlinearity; Signal processing; Hysteresis!TEMPERATURE; NETWORK; SENSOR; ANN'The primary motivation of this paper is to present an accurate and rapid calibration method for sensor nonlinearity calibration. A Sparse Piecewise Calibration Method (SPCM) as well as its parameter optimization model has been proposed to achieve above goals. A comparison study is performed to quantitatively evaluate the calibration performance of the presented SPCM and existing methods, including Polynomial Calibration Method (PCM) and Bezier Calibrating Method (BCM). Experimental validation results reveal that the SPCM has the fastest execution speed among the above methods. Compared with the PCM and BCM, the computing cost of t< he SPCM could be reduced by 86.7% and 88.2%, respectively. The state-based SPCM could further enhance the calibration accuracy of the SPCM by 26.8% in the present study.LZheng, Yuping; Wu, Tonghua; Hong, Feng; Yao, Gang; Chai, Jimin; Wei, ZhinongJTransmission Line Distance Protection Under Current Transformer Saturation0JOURNAL OF MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND CLEAN ENERGYCurrent transformers; Fault currents; Circuit faults; Power system reliability; Testing; Standards; Smart grids; Breaker-and-a-half configuration; current transformer (CT) saturation; distance protection; power frequency variation; operation voltageConventional transmission line distance protection approaches are subject to malfunction under reverse fault-induced current transformer (CT) saturation for the typically employed breaker-and-a-half configuration. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a new distance protection approach that combines the blocking and unblocking criteria of distance protection based on the values of incomplete differential current, operation voltage, and current harmonic content. The proposed approach is verified by theoretical analysis, dynamic simulation testing, and field operation to ensure that the obtained distance protection is reliable and refrains from operating unnecessarily under reverse fault-induced CT saturation in the breaker-and-a-half configuration. Meanwhile, the proposed approach is demonstrated can operate reliably when forward faults occur or various reverse faults are converted to forward faults.LPan, Shiyang; Li, Tongchun; Shi, Guicai; Cui, Zhen; Zhang, Hanjing; Yuan, LisThe Inversion Analysis and Material Parameter Optimization of a High Earth-Rockfill Dam during Construction Periodscrock-fill dam; inversion analysis; Duncan-Chang; material parameter optimization; BP neural network<Inversion analysis is usually an efficient solution to process the monitoring data of earth-rockfill dams. However, it is still difficult to obtain calculation results that are consistent with monitoring data due to different construction statuses. To deal with this situation and to introduce a new solution to improve calculation accuracy, the general method of inversion analysis based on back-propagation neural networks and the original step-by-step inversion method assuming that the parameters of the constitutive model vary with construction periods are introduced and verified in this work. Then, both methods are applied in the inversion analysis of a high gravelly soil core rock-fill dam during construction periods. Moreover, the relationship between the inversed material parameters and the stress values of the core wall is discussed. The material parameters are further optimized to obtain more accurate displacement values. The results show that the step-by-step inversion method has a higher accuracy in vertical compression values compared with the conventional inversion method, the trend of material parameter K is more significant than other parameters, and the proposed variable parameter constitutive model has an accuracy between the step-by-step and conventional inversion methods. Conclusions can be drawn that the original step-by-step inversion method has more advantages than the conventional method and the variable parameter constitutive model proposed in this paper might be more suitable for the analysis of a high earth-rockfill dam during construction periods.Bo, Xu; Yi, BaoSustainable development and supply chain management in renewable-based community based self-sufficient utility: an analytical review of social and environmental impacts and trade-offs in digital twinbSmart Islands; Energy Supply Chain; Social impact Energy Tradeoffs Curtailment; load; Digital TwinENERGY; STRATEGY; SYSTEM;Smart Island Energy Management (SIEM) heralds a new era in sustainable island energy utilization, orchestrating an innovative system that optimizes efficiency and environmental responsibility. By seamlessly integrating solar, wind, and diverse renewable sources alongside energy storage systems, smart meters, and advanced analytics,<  SIEM ensures optimal energy utilization, significantly trimming costs. Real-time energy consumption data empowers islanders, fostering informed decisions. The system employs the pioneering Teaching Learning -Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm, meticulously balancing migration rates and habitat suitability indices, fortifying SI grid stability. To address load curtailment, digital twin technology orchestrates precise power shifts using storage batteries, minimizing operational expenses. Forecasting renewable energy outputs relies on the sophisticated Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) deep learning model, ensuring accurate predictions. Simulation outcomes underscore the SIEM ' s efficiency, unveiling substantial cost reductions. The pivotal inclusion of a digital twin simulator amplifies realism, outstripping conventional models. Social impact and energy tradeoffs are vigilantly evaluated, guaranteeing uninterrupted energy supply. This groundbreaking approach not only trims costs but also charts a sustainable energy future for island communities, embodying a paradigm shift in energy management. Through SIEM, islands transition toward a greener, economically viable energy landscape, heralding a future where efficiency meets environmental stewardship.9Jiang, Wei; Chang, Ray C. C.; Zhang, Shuqin; Zang, Shixin8Structure health inspection for aging transport aircraftStatic aeroelastic behaviors; Structural maintenance program; Fuzzy-logic modeling (FLM); Aging transport aircraft; Structure health)JET TRANSPORT; STABILITY; SYSTEMS; DESIGN PurposeThis study aims to present a diagnosis method to inspect the structure health for aging transport aircraft based on the postflight data in severe clear-air turbulence at transonic flight. The purpose of this method development is to assist certificate holder of aircraft maintenance factory as a complementary tool for the structural maintenance program to ensure that the transport aircraft fits airworthiness standards. Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the numerical approach to analyze the characteristics of flight dynamic and static aeroelasticity for two four-jet transport aircraft will be presented. One of these two four-jet transport aircraft is an aging one. Another one is used to demonstrate the order of magnitude of the static aeroelastic behaviors. The nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic models are established through flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling technique based on postflight data. The first and second derivatives of flight dynamic and static aeroelastic behaviors, respectively, are then estimated by using these aerodynamic models. FindingsAlthough the highest dynamic pressure of aging aircraft is lower, the highest absolute value of static aeroelastic effects response to the wing of aging aircraft is about 3.05 times larger than normal one; the magnitude variations of angles of attack are similar for both aircrafts; the highest absolute value of the static aeroelastic effects response to the empennage of aging aircraft is about 29.67 times larger than normal one in severe clear-air turbulence. The stabilizer of aging aircraft has irregular deviations with obvious jackscrew assembly problems, as found in this study. Research limitations/implicationsA lack of the measurement data of vertical wind speed sensor on board to verify the estimated values of damping term is one of the research limitations of this study. This research involved potential problem monitoring of structure health for transport aircraft in different weights, different sizes and different service years. In the future research, one can consider more structural integrity issues for other types of aircraft. Practical implicationsIt can be realized from this study that the structure of aging transport aircraft may have potential safety threat. Therefore, when the airline managed aging transport aircraft, it ought to be conducted comprehensive and in-depth inspections to reduce such safety risks and establish a complete set of safety early warning measures to deal with the potential problem of aircraft aging. Soc< ial implicationsIt can be realized that the structure of aging transport aircraft has potential safety threat. The airline managed aging transport aircraft; it should conduct comprehensive and in-depth inspections to reduce safety risks and establish a complete set of safety early warning measures. Originality/valueThis method can be used to assist airlines to monitor aging transport aircraft as a complementary tool of structural maintenance program to improve aviation safety, operation and operational efficiency."Zhao Jingbo; Chen Jie; Liu Chengye`Stability Coordinated Control of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Condition SwitchingThe distributed drive electric vehicle is a complex hybrid system including discrete events and continuous events. In order to coordinate the longitudinal and lateral motion of the distributed drive electric vehicle, a hierarchical control method was proposed. In the upper layer, the body attitude tracking controller based on sliding mode control algorithm was established to accurately analyze the driving expectation and to track the longitudinal speed, the lateral speed, and the yaw rate of the vehicle. In the lower layer, the switching controller based on the hybrid theory was established to improve the driving stability under various working conditions. The switching controller can switch between control strategies according to the working conditions. The joint simulation was carried out under various working conditions using Simulink and CarSim software. The results showed that the controller can coordinate the longitudinal and lateral motion of the vehicle well in linear acceleration and sinusoidal acceleration conditions and can strictly track the driving expectation and maintain the desired body posture. And another, the controller can be switched according to the working conditions and control strategies accurately and smoothly and can ensure stable driving in the constant speed single lane change condition. The controller can reveal the continuous behavior characteristics of the vehicle and reflect the characteristics of discrete events by coordinating the longitudinal and lateral motion of the vehicle. It improves the stability and control performance of the distributed drive electric vehicle under various working conditions.*Qi, Yongsheng; Li, Weiqing; Feng, NingningASeismic collapse probability of eccentrically braced steel framesBseismic collapse; collapse probability; EBSF; IDA; rare earthquakeTo quantitatively assess the safety against seismic collapse of eccentrically braced steel frame (EBSF) system, 24 typical EBSFs with K-shape and V-shape braces with seismic precautionary intensities 8 and 9 were designed complying with China seismic design code and relative codes to constitute archetype space of this structure system. In the archetype space, the collapse probability of the structural system under maximum considered earthquakes (MCE) was researched. The results show that the structures possess necessary safety against seismic collapse when they respectively encounter the maximum considered earthquakes corresponding to their seismic precautionary levels, and their collapse probabilities increase with increasing seismic precautionary intensities. Moreover, the EBSFs with V-shape braces have smaller collapse probability, thus greater capacity against seismic collapse than those with K-shape braces.4Wei, Jia-jing; Liao, Hong; Liu, Li-li; Zhu, Jian-qun\Seismic Factor of Safety for 3D Reinforced Soil Slope with Piles under Unsaturated ConditionXStability; Slope; 3D failure mechanism; Pile; Pseudo-dynamic approach; Unsaturated soils"STABILITY ANALYSIS; SHEAR-STRENGTHThis study investigates the seismic stability of reinforced slope under a three-dimensional (3D) rotational horn-like failure mechanism, using the pseudo-dynamic approach and provides a new procedure to estimate factor of safety (FS) for slope. Such a procedure is able to figure out the influences of the seismic force, the soil property and the reinforcement by piles. Pseudo-dynamic approach is used to describe th< e seismic force in the time-to-spatial fields in unsaturated soils where matric suction works. Compared to the pseudo-static approach, the current approach considers the effects of time and spatial through the horizontal and vertical shear waves. For the pile driving, different insertion depths can yield various results, whether two work conditions of considering the pile resistance or not are discussed. FS of this study undergoes a decrement as the increase of the pile resistance and seismic force, indicating that the insertion depth affects FS where FS decreases in the early period of pile driving, after that increases and keeps constant in the late of pile driving, showing evident unimodal characteristics during the pile driving. The new expressions for slope reinforced by piles are presented for practical use in unsaturated soil engineering.Feng, Ningning; Wu, ChangshengWSeismic Behavior of Nonductile RC Frame Slotted with Corrugated Steel Plate Shear WallsCONCRETE; PERFORMANCE; COLLAPSETwo specimens of nonductile reinforced concrete (RC) frame (ND-1) and nonductile RC frame retrofitted by corrugated steel plate shear walls slotted with columns (ND-2) are established by finite element. These specimens have same dimensions and steel skeletons. Finite element models had been verified by the existing experimental results. The hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, ductility, and stiffness curves of Specimen ND-1 and Specimen ND-2 are compared. The results show that the reinforcement effect is significant. Twenty-four models are built to study the seismic behavior on different influence parameters. The parameters are slit width, thickness of corrugated steel plate shear walls, concrete strength of nonductile RC frame, and boundary conditions of corrugated steel plate shear walls at slotted parts. The results indicate that the strength is declined with the increase of slit width. With the increase of thickness and concrete strength, the strength and stiffness are enhanced. The strength is larger with the boundary than without. Slit width and thickness have an important impact on the stiffness. Concrete strength and boundary conditions have little impact on stiffness. The strengthened nonductile RC frames have enough ductility.BChen, Lianmeng; Zeng, Yihong; Gao, Weifeng; Liu, Yijie; Zhou, YiyiYSection Optimization Design of a Flexible Cable-Bar Tensile Structure Based on Robustness\cable-bar tensile structures; structural robustness; section optimization; genetic algorithm2IDENTIFICATION; VULNERABILITY; PRESTRESS; COLLAPSEvAs the current literature lacks effective nonlinear robustness evaluation method and optimal design theory of the structural robustness for flexible cable-bar tensile structure, this paper aimed to conduct further studies. Based on the H-infinity theory, a fundamental robustness analysis method and a detailed calculation way through the combination of induction of L-2 performance criterion and random theory for nonlinear structural robustness quantitative evaluation method were proposed. Following this, a real Geiger cable dome structure was studied as its research object, and the influences of structural robustness of simultaneous changes of all elements section and changes of every kind of element section were analysed, respectively. Finally, the genetic algorithm was applied through MATLAB and ANSYS software to achieve optimal section layout, with the goal of minimizing structural quality on the condition that the structural robustness indicator keep less than that of the initial structure. The result revealed that the increase of the section of elements can effectively enhance structural robustness and the section changes of various elements showed different sensitivities to the influence of structural robustness. Meanwhile, structural quality can be effectively reduced by optimizing measures such as increasing the section of elements with significant effect on structural robustness and reducing the section of elements with minor effects on structural robustness, while the structural robustness indicator keeps < less than that of the initial structure. The optimization reveals that quality was reduced by 42.5% in this paper.YChen, Lian-meng; Gao, Wei-feng; Jiang, Zhi-chao; Zhou, Yi-yi; Zhang, Fu-bo; Dong, Shi-lin?Robustness Analysis of a Flexible Cable-Strut Tensile Structure)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEEL STRUCTURESCable-strut tensile structures; Robustness analysis; H-infinity theory; Parameter analysis; Construction error; Important element VULNERABILITYRCurrently, the robustness analysis of structure is primarily related to rigid structures, and little has been done to study the robustness of spatial flexible cable-strut tensile structures with larger span, more complex forms, lower redundancy, more sensitivity to unexpected interference such as construction deviations, etc. Based on the H-infinity theory, this paper starts with the fundamental theory and develops analysis method for the robustness of flexible cable-strut tensile structures, and then the relationships between the structural robustness and some design parameters such as initial pre-stress level, load distribution form, structural span, cross-section area, rise-span ratio, etc. are analysed through a case study of a concrete cable-strut tensile structure in China. On this basis, the effects of construction errors such as element-length error and supporting node position error are further analysed. Finally, the importance of each kind of element is analysed by means of conceptual removal of element. The results show that the higher the initial pre-stress level, the larger the element cross-section, the smaller the structural span, the larger the rise-span ratio and the more uniform the load distribution, the stronger the structural robustness. In the limited construction error range, the element-length error and the supporting node position error have little effects on the robustness of the structure. The hoop cables are the more important elements and the elements in inner region of the structure are of comparatively lower importance in the cable dome structure in this study.&Qian, Cheng; Breckon, Toby P.; Li, HuiCRobust visual tracking via speedup multiple kernel ridge regressionhvisual tracking; kernel ridge regression; multiple kernel learning; fast interpolate iterative algorithmOBJECT TRACKINGMost of the tracking methods attempt to build up feature spaces to represent the appearance of a target. However, limited by the complex structure of the distribution of features, the feature spaces constructed in a linear manner cannot characterize the nonlinear structure well. We propose an appearance model based on kernel ridge regression for visual tracking. Dense sampling is fulfilled around the target image patches to collect the training samples. In order to obtain a kernel space in favor of describing the target appearance, multiple kernel learning is introduced into the selection of kernels. Under the framework, instead of a single kernel, a linear combination of kernels is learned from the training samples to create a kernel space. Resorting to the circulant property of a kernel matrix, a fast interpolate iterative algorithm is developed to seek coefficients that are assigned to these kernels so as to give an optimal combination. After the regression function is learned, all candidate image patches gathered are taken as the input of the function, and the candidate with the maximal response is regarded as the object image patch. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art tracking methods. (C) 2015 SPIE and IS&T!Gong, Erlei; Hao, Yanna; Cao, XiabResearch on the working characteristics of wave rotor combustor hot jet igniter and its validationkWave rotor combustor; Hot jet igniter; Operational performance; Design optimization; Feasibility validation TECHNOLOGYCSteady-ignition is a critical challenge of the Wave Rotor Combustor (WRC). This paper presents a continuous hot jet igniter design specifically for a 24-channel Wave Rotor Combustor. Experimental research was conducted to investigate the effects of < fuel supply strategy and nozzle structure on the operational performance of the designed igniter. The research revealed that the non-premixed combustion fuel supply strategy with an equivalence ratio of 1.3 is a better choice. The performance experimental results, together with the temperature distribution on the combustion chamber wall of the igniter, contribute valuable data for optimizing the hot jet ignition system for engineering applications. Finally, the feasibility of the designed igniter was successfully validated through a single-channel WRC hot jet ignition experiment.BChen, Xi; Wang, Qi; An, Qinglong; Chen, Ming; Guo, Hun; He, YafengsResearch on drilling performance and tool life improvement methods of titanium alloy ultra-high-speed drilling bitsdTitanium alloy; Ultra-high-speed drilling; Tool wear; Drilling bit parameter optimization; Tool life"MICRO; SIMULATION; MECHANISM; WEARJTitanium alloy materials have been increasingly applied in the field of 3C products. Manufacturers in the production process of 3C products relentlessly pursue high production efficiency, resulting in extremely aggressive selection of process parameters. Extreme machining conditions such as high spindle speed and large feed speed inevitably lead to severe tool wear, making tool cost difficult to control. Therefore, this paper focuses on researching methods to improve the drilling performance and tool life of titanium alloy ultra-high-speed drilling bits, in order to achieve low-cost manufacturing of titanium alloy ultra-high-speed drilling. Firstly, the failure modes and wear mechanisms of drilling bits under ultra-high-speed drilling conditions for titanium alloy materials are analyzed. Secondly, a drilling bit simulation model is established and calibrated through drilling experiments. Then, using the response surface method, design simulation experiments to reveal the influence of geometric parameters on drilling performance and optimize the drilling bit. Finally, based on the optimization results, drilling bits are prepared and drilling performance and tool life experiments are conducted. A comparison with unoptimized bits shows that the optimized drilling bits have significant improvements in drilling performance and tool life.'Yao, Wenqing; Yang, Yuan; Wei, XiaoyuanZResearch on Coded Excitation Using Kasami Sequence in the Long Rail Detection Based on UGWOcoded excitation; Kasami sequence; ultrasonic guided waves; long rail detection+PEAK DETECTION METHOD; GUIDED-WAVES; BARKERnFor a broken rail detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves (UGW), the multi-modal and dispersion characteristics of UGW degrade signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and range resolution. To improve the SNR of the received signals and range resolution, the coded excitation based on Kasami sequences is presented in this work Utilizing a PSpice model of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, as well as conducting field tests based on the pitch-catch mechanism, it is shown that encoded UGW signals can increase the SNRG (the gain of SNR) by 6.29 dB. The main lobe width of the coded excitation is mainly determined by the number of carrier cycles and the carrier waveform, and the size of the side lobes is mainly determined by the number of coding bits. To quickly identify the corresponding transmissions at the receivers, a peak detection algorithm is shown. It is based on bandpass filter, triangle filter and Hilbert transform. Its accuracy and effectiveness are validated by using some field tests under different distances. It can be concluded that the shown adaptive peak algorithm has strong robustness and immunity to noise.-Cao, Gui-Ping; Jiang, Fu-Hua; Zhuang, Ya-FengRapid and environmentally friendly determination of trace nitrite in water under combined effects of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and -cyclodextringNitrite; 4',5'-Dibromofluorescein; Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide; beta-Cyclodextrin; Combined effectsKINETIC-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION; FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING METHOD; SPECTROFLUOROMETRIC DETERMINATION; FLUOROMETRIC< -DETERMINATION; ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY; OPTIMIZATION; OXIDATION; SPECTROMETRY; BENZOATEVNitrite is a characteristic pollutant in natural water. A simple, rapid and highly selective spectro-fluorimetric method for determination of trace nitrite has been developed. It was based on the fact that nitrite reacted rapidly with iodide at room temperature and led to the fluorescence quenching of 4',5'-dibromofluorescein (DBF) under the combined effects of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). The fluorescence intensity of the above reaction system was measured with excitation and emission wavelengths of 532 and 551 nm, respectively. Optimal values of the main factors involving volumes of CTAB, beta-CD and sulfuric acid were explored by a Box-Behnken design. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the fluorescence quenching intensity was good linear over a nitrite concentration range of 0.2-46.0 mu g/L with a correlation coefficient better than 0.998. The detection limit of 0.16 mu g/L was obtained for the determination of nitrite by the proposed method. The general coexisting ions did not interfere to the reactions of nitrite with iodide and DBF. The relative standard deviation of the method for the determination of nitrite in water samples was below 2.7%, and the corresponding recoveries were between 92.1% and 107.9%. The proposed method is environmentally friendly and suitable for water monitoring.!Jiang, Feng; Liu, Shulin; Tao, LigQuantitative Research on Cracks in Pipe Based on Magnetic Field Response Method of Eddy Current Testing6APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNALTCracks evaluation; Eddy current testing; finite element method; magnetic field; pipe2CURRENT NDT; SIMULATION; INVERSION; MODEL; SIGNALSThe quantitative evaluation of defects in eddy current testing is of great significance. Impedance analysis, as a traditional method, is adopted to determine defects in the conductor, however, it is not able to depict the shape, size and location of defects quantitatively. In order to obtain more obvious characteristic quantities and improve the ability of eddy current testing to detect defects, the study of cracks in metal pipes is carried out by utilizing the analysis method of three-dimensional magnetic field in present paper. The magnetic field components in the space near the crack are calculated numerically by using finite element analysis. The simulation results confirm that the monitoring of the crack change can be achieved by measuring the magnetic field at the arrangement positions. Besides, the quantitative relationships between the shape, length of the crack and the magnetic field components around the metal pipe are obtained. The results show that the axial and radial magnetic induction intensities are affected more significantly by the cross-section area of the crack. B-z demonstrates obvious advantages in analyzing quantitatively crack circumference length. Therefore, the response signal in the three-dimensional direction of the magnetic field gets to intuitively reflect the change of the defect parameter, which proves the effectiveness and practicability of this method.Zhang, Xi-meng; Qi, HuigPropagation of SH-waves in inhomogeneous piezoelectric/piezomagnetic half-space with circular inclusionACTA MECHANICA]DISPERSION-RELATIONS; PHONONIC CRYSTAL; ELASTIC-WAVES; INTERFACIAL CRACKS; SCATTERING; CAVITYIn this article, the dynamic characteristics of a circular inclusion in an inhomogeneous piezoelectric/piezomagnetic half-space with propagating anti-plane shear waves are studied. The exponential distribution of material parameters along the coordinate axis is considered. The Helmholtz equation includes variable coefficients due to inhomogeneity. First, the Helmholtz equation is transformed into standard form by introducing new variables. Next, integral equations with respective boundary conditions are composed and solved by orthogonal function expansion and effective truncation techniques. Obtained results enable to understand the influence on the dynamic stress co< ncentration factor as well as the electric and magnetic field intensities under proper conditions. The conclusions of this article are verified by comparing the analytical solutions to the ones obtained by finite element method.*Yang, Su-hang; Xu, Zhi-feng; Wang, Jun-xiaTPrediction on concrete splitting strength from compressive strength of drilling-coreAcompressive strength; concrete splitting strength; drilling coredCores were drilled from the panels made of different concrete mixtures. The compressive strength and splitting strength of core and cube specimens were tested at the ages of 7, 28, 60, 90, and 180 days. The effect of the diameter on concrete core splitting strength was examined. The strength correction factors were determined to convert the splitting strength of the core with diameter of 75 mm to that of the core with diameter of 100 mm. The regression analysis was carried out using experimental data to evaluate the core splitting strength as a function of the compressive strength of the concrete core. Then, the reliability of the proposed equation based on experimental data for compressive strength ranging from 20 to 80 MPa was assessed with the integral absolute error (IAE). Other existing relations between splitting strength and compressive strength of the cylinder were also evaluated with IAE, and most of the existing relations are not suitable for splitting strength of cores. The accurate power function relation formula is obtained with the test data. Only compressive test can be carried out by using drilling core samples in existing buildings, and the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete can be obtained simultaneously, thus the numbers of splitting tests can be reduced and the mechanical property of existing buildings can be evaluated.8Yang, Suhang; Zhou, Junwen; Bian, Zhengning; Xu, ZhifengHPoint-Load Test Method for Estimation of In Situ Masonry Mortar Strength]Point-load strength index; In situ test; Compressive strength; Mortar; Size correction factorCONCRETEThe point-load test method (PLTM) commonly used in the geotechnical area is shown in this paper to estimate the compressive strength of in situ masonry mortar. A specially developed portable PLTM instrument was used for mortar sheet testing. The mortar sheets were removed from horizontal masonry joints by drilling cores out, with little preparatory work required. The test mortar sheets were subjected to pressure from two opposing cone heads, and the peak load at the failure of the mortar sheet was recorded. The effect of specimen size and mortar thickness on the point-load strength was examined. A suitable size of mortar sheet was selected for the experiment. The thickness correction method was used to improve the accuracy of the empirical formula. Scattering characteristics were investigated to check the reliability and repeatability of the PLTM results. A strong relationship was noted between the point-load strength of the mortar sheet and cube compressive strength, ranging from M2.5 to M15.0. Contrast tests with other available test methods verified that the PLTM offers an alternative to the masonry mortar compressive test and has high accuracy, requires little preparation, and involves reproducible and quick operation following specimen extraction from joints.XZhang, Xinshuai; Xie, Fangfang; Ji, Tingwei; Zheng, Changdong; Zheng, Hongyu; Zheng, Yao8Parametric unsteady flow modeling by using meta learning3ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCELMachine learning; Reduced-order modeling; Meta-learning; Unsteady fluid flow?PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; NETWORKSParametric unsteady flow modeling plays a significant role in the fluid dynamics, since the unsteady flow problems are usually involved with complex physical phenomena. Currently, in the study of data-driven unsteady flow modeling, the convolutional neural network based autoencoder (CNN-AE) model has been widely used. While, its application in engineering field has been limited due to challenges that the CNNs are expensive to be trained an< d the generalization performance of CNN-AE model needs to be improved. Therefore, based on the CNN-AE model, a meta-learning framework is introduced in the present work for parametric unsteady flow modeling. Specifically, both the model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) and the reptile methods are used to learn the correlations between flow fields under various physical parameters. First, a meta-initialization CNN-AE model is established, with the training data-set under various physical parameters. Then, for a new physical parameter, the meta-initialization CNN-AE model will be finetuned by using few snapshots in a new task with limited epochs. Finally, the proposed CNN-AE based meta-learning framework is validated in two canonical unsteady flow problems with moving boundaries, including oscillating cylinder and flapping airfoil. The results have shown that the CNN-AE based meta-leaning framework can greatly accelerate the adaptation of CNN-AE model in new physical parameters, which can greatly enhance the generalization performance of CNN-AE model.3Syms, R. R. A.; Bouchaala, A.; Sydoruk, O.; Liu, D.=Optical imaging and image analysis for high aspect ratio NEMS.JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING6NEMS; MEMS; sub-wavelength imaging; image segmentation7COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; SILICON; DIFFRACTION; ALGORITHMSA strategy for optical microscopy of high-aspect-ratio (HAR) nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) that combine large feature spacing and large height with sub-wavelength width is presented. Line images are simulated using a 2D model of incoherent imaging based on modal diffraction theory. Beyond a sufficient depth, it is shown that sub-wavelength features appear as dark lines, while wider features are visible as their edges. The results suggest NEMS and MEMS may be separated from background in images by detection of valleys in brightness. Results are confirmed by imaging of Si NEMS containing 100nm wide features in a brightfield microscope. Algorithms for separation of NEMS, MEMS and background in microscope images based on valley detection, thresholding and masking are demonstrated.CZhu, Shichao; Yu, Chenxiao; Chang, Zhen; Zhan, Xiaohong; Zeng, ChaoMicrostructure evolution mechanism of single and multi-pass in laser cladding based on heat accumulation effect for invar alloyYLaser cladding; Invar alloy; Microstructure evolution mechanism; Heat accumulation effect DEPOSITION; PARAMETERS; POROSITYThis work explores how the process parameters in laser cladding affect the evolution of the microstructure of the single-pass and multi-pass cladding layers of Invar alloys. The research examined the cladding layers from three aspects: (1) the transformation of grain size, heat-affected zone (HAZ) width, ratio of the columnar crystal to the equiaxed crystal, and change of Fe content of the cladding layer; (2) the effects of heat accumulation on grain size, HAZ width, and remelting zone; and (3) the hardness distribution of single-pass and multi-pass cladding layers. The investigation has the following four findings: (1) the cladding layer is composed of equiaxed crystals at the top and columnar crystals at the bottom of the cladding layer; (2) the processing parameters have significant effects on the width of the HAZ, proportion between the columnar and equiaxed crystals, and the change of Fe content of the cladding layer; (3) the gradual accumulation of heat causes the increase in HAZ width, the grain size, and the area of the remelting zone; and (4) the hardness progressively reduces from the top to the bottom along the direction of the centerline of the cladding layer.9Huang, Kailin; Wang, Xinjie; Wang, Fajing; Zhang, TianruiMechanical Properties and Loading Simulation of Unidirectional Laminated Slabs Made from Recycled Concrete with Manufactured Sand{prefabricated buildings; recycled aggregate concrete; manufactured sand; unidirectional laminated slabs; loading simulation"PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE; DURABILITYTo align with the trend of the development of prefabricated buildings, this study aimed to produce unidirectional la< minated slabs by using recycled concrete with manufactured sand (RCM). Additionally, performance evaluation and loading simulation analyses were conducted on these unidirectional laminated slabs. The experimental results indicate that the mechanical characteristics of RCM closely approximate those of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), and they are all higher than the design value. Under ultimate loading conditions, the mid-span deflection of laminated slabs fabricated with RCM surpasses its RAC counterpart by 5.9%, indicating a pronounced proximity in flexural performance between RCM and RAC laminated slabs. Concurrently, ABAQUS finite element software was used to compare and simulate the performance of the unidirectional laminated slabs. The difference between the deflection generated by the actual applied ultimate load and the deflection generated by the simulated ultimate load is about 7.1%, and the simulation results are very close to the experimental results. Based on the experimental results, the practical application of RCM unidirectional laminated slabs has high value in the field of construction engineering.IWang, Xiang; Chu, Xianxiang; Xie, Yixin; He, Yanfeng; Xu, Hui; Xu, ShilinxMachine learning framework for evaluating fracturing-flooding effectiveness: From prediction to decision recommendationsAFracturing-flooding; Oil well; Machine learning; SHAP; Key factorOIL DISPLACEMENTFracturing-flooding is an emerging technique designed to enhance oil recovery in waterflooding reservoirs, however, its effectiveness remains difficult to predict due to limited theoretical foundations and the lack of reliable methods. This paper proposed a novel machine learning framework for predicting, analyzing and optimizing fracturing-flooding effectiveness. Data from 498 fracturing-flooding well groups within an oilfield were collected, encompassing 3 categories of indicators: reservoir geological parameters, fracturing-flooding parameters, and effectiveness outcomes. 9 machine learning models were screened, and cumulative SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were utilized to identify both key and risk factors. The established model was integrated with SHAP analysis through a visualized output, providing a clearer interpretation of the factors influencing the predictions of fracturing-flooding effectiveness. Experimental results show that the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model outperformed other models, achieving an 81.5% accuracy during crossvalidation and an AUC value of 0.9. On the test set, the model sustained nearly 80% accuracy with an AUC of 0.89. The key factors identified include oil production before fracturing-flooding (OP), water production before fracturing-flooding (WP), the number of oil wells in the well group (NWG), and reservoir thickness. Among these, WP was identified as the primary risk factor contributing to potential misjudgment. Through the application of the framework, the effectiveness of fracturing-flooding operations improved by 16.7%. This research provides a robust foundation for optimizing fracturing-flooding strategies to enhance oil recovery and contribute to a more efficient energy supply in oilfield..Chen, Zhongsheng; Liu, Haopeng; Liao, LianyingIteratively Learning Reconstruction of Blade Tip-Timing Signals and Cointegration-Based Damage Detection Under Variable ConditionsBlade tip-timing; compressed sensing; learning reconstruction; damage detection; cointegration analysis; Blade tip-timing; compressed sensing; learning reconstruction; damage detection; cointegration analysisEBlade tip-timing (BTT) is a direct blade vibration monitoring technique and how to use under-sampled BTT signals for blade damage detection is still challenging under variable conditions. Compressed sensing (CS) has been introduced for reconstructing BTT vibration signals, but classical CS reconstruction algorithms are limited by the sparsity and slow optimization process. In order to overcome this issue, this paper presents an iteratively learning reconstruction method by introducing the vector approximate message < passing (VAMP) algorithm, called VampNet. Firstly, a discrete Multi-coset sampling (MCS)-based CS model is built for BTT vibration signals in order domain and an improved Hanning-Possion window is integrated to reduce the order spectrum leakage in discretization. Then the VampNet model is proposed to reconstruct blade vibration engine orders (EOs) and the sensing matrix is discussed. Based on reconstructed vibration EOs, a cointegration-based method is proposed for blade damage detection, so that the influences of variable conditions can be reduced. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is testified by Matlab simulations and experimental dataset. The results show that blade vibration EOs can be accurately reconstructed by the VampNet and then small cracks can be detected by using the cointegrating residual.KZhao, Hongyu; Wang, Pan; Li, Zonglin; Ao, Chengcheng; Zhao, Xuteng; Lin, He`Improved activity and significant O2 resistance of Cs doped Co3O4 catalyst for N2O decomposition-JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGECo3O4; Cs-doping; N2O decomposition; Oxygen vacancies; O-2 resistancePHIGH-EFFICIENCY; COBALT SPINELS; PERFORMANCE; SURFACE; REDUCTION; PRECURSOR; DFTCs-x-Co3O4 catalysts with excellent low temperature activity and oxygen resistance for N2O decomposition were prepared using a citric acid complexation method. The mechanism of Cs doping on Co3O4 was systematically investigated by characterization techniques such as XRD, Raman, N-2 adsorption, HR-TEM, XPS, H-2-TPR, O-2-TPD, and combined with DFT calculation methods. The results indicated that the presence of Cs inhibited the growth of Co3O4 grains and increased the specific surface area. Cs doping significantly increased the number of exposed oxygen vacancies, which tended to form around CoO4 (Co2+) tetrahedral sites replaced by Cs, following the trend E-vac(1 1 1) < E-vac(1 1 0) < E-vac(1 0 0). Furthermore, the interaction between Cs and Co enhanced the electron donating ability of Co, promoted the reduction of Co3+ to Co2+ and weakened the Co-O bond. Among all the samples, the one with a Cs/Co molar ratio of 0.1 exhibited the highest activity. At 275 degrees C, the R-s of Cs-0.1-Co3O4 was 39.5 times that of pure Co3O4. More importantly, Cs-0.1-Co3O4 exhibited excellent oxygen resistance, achieving a high N2O conversion rate of 94 % under conditions of 300 degrees C and 20 % O-2.<Dai, Guozhong; Zhu, Jia; Song, Yang; Li, Shujin; Shi, GuicaiEExperimental Study on the Deformation of a Cut-Off Wall in a Landfill^Cut-off wall; Orthogonal experiment; Impermeability; Numerical analysis; Mechanical properties_MODIFIED BENTONITE; PLASTIC CONCRETE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; LEACHATE; REMOVALTo effectively solve the leakage problem of landfill leachate, it is necessary to establish a vertical cut-off wall around the landfill site for seepage control. To accurately analyze the deformation of the cut-off wall, a 1/8-scale landfill cut-off wall miniature model is designed and fabricated. The actual force of the cut-off wall is simulated by filling sand on the outer side of the model wall. Meanwhile, a nonlinear finite element model of the wall is established using the ANSYS to simulate the deformation of the seepage wall. The results show that the cut-off wall made from a polyvinyl alcohol-bentonite-fly ash-cement (PBFC) anti-seepage slurry has a high ultimate bearing capacity, and its ultimate strain is approximately 5%, which is much higher than the limit strain of the actual force conditions of the cut-off wall. The horizontal displacement of the cut-off wall is approximately linear and decreases gradually from the top to the bottom, and no reverse displacement is observed. The main stress of the wall is smaller than that of the slurry, and there is no tensile stress. The simulated results are similar to the measured values of the cut-off wall, which indicates the accuracy of the simulation analysis.$Pan, Xuetao; Tu, Dawei; Cai, Jianwen{Effect of the Scanning Step on the Surface Quality of Microdevices in Femtosecond-Laser Micromachining and its Opt< imization!JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN LASER RESEARCHbfemtosecond laser; two-photon polymerization; surface quality; scanning step; quality optimizationA2-PHOTON POLYMERIZATION; FABRICATION; NANOFABRICATION; ABSORPTIONDirect writing technique is usually used in femtosecond-laser two-photon micromachining. The size of the scanning step has important influence on the surface quality and machining efficiency of microdevices. According to the mechanism of two-photon polymerization combining the distribution function of the light intensity and the free-radical-concentration theory, we establish the mathematical model of coverage of solidification unit and analyze the effect of coverage on the machining quality and efficiency of microdevices. Using the principle of exposure equivalence, we also obtain the analytic expression of the relationship between the surface-quality characteristic parameters of microdevices and the scanning step and carry out the numerical simulation and experiment. The results show that the scanning step has little influence on the surface quality of the line when it is much smaller than the size of the solidification unit. However, when the scanning step is gradually increasing, the smoothness of the line surface is reduced rapidly, and the surface quality becomes worse drastically. For stereo-device processing with different slopes, we propose a kind three-dimensional continuous-variable scanning method and provide the calculation expression of the scanning step. From the experimental example of fabricating a spherical structure, we show that, compared with the fixed-step scanning method, the continuous-variable scanning-step method should be used to improve the surface quality of microdevices.Deng, Yaoyao; Lin, Yao; Zhang, Minxi; Lu, Yidong; Zhang, Wentao; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Zhenwei; Xiang, Mei; Gu, Hongwei; Bai, JirongwAtomically-dispersed Fe sites embedded in nitrogen-doped graphene as highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalystsZAtomically-dispersed Fe sites; N-doped graphene; Oxygen reduction reaction; Zn-air batterydThe development of cost-effective and highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for the successful commercialization of Zn-air batteries. Single-atom catalysts are considered to be the most promising alternatives to Pt-based catalysts on account of their high atomic utilization and adjustable coordination environment, but their activity and durability are not ideal. Herein, a porous nitrogen-doped graphene with atomically-dispersed Fe sites (Fe SAs/NG) is developed by utilizing g-C 3 N 4 as the nitrogen source. The Fe SAs/NG exhibits superior ORR property in alkaline electrolyte with a high half-wave potential ( E 1/2 = 0.883 V vs. RHE) and remarkable stability, mainly due to atomically-dispersed Fe sites, abundant N species, and porous structure. Moreover, the Fe SAs/NG-based Zn-air battery achieves the maximum discharge power density of 272.6 mW cm -2 , surpassing that of benchmark 20% Pt/C catalyst (238 mW cm 2 ). This study offers a valuable reference for the rational design and synthesis of high efficiency single atom catalysts specifically tailored for Znair batteries.BChu, Xianxiang; Wang, Xiang; Xie, Yixin; Xing, Guoqiang; Chen, LinAAssociation rules mining for long uptime sucker rod pumping units'RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETYSSucker rod pumping unit; Association rule; Uptime; Data mining; Recommended measure@FREQUENT PATTERNS; EFFICIENT; ALGORITHM; DIAGNOSIS; WELLS; MODELThe uptime of sucker rod pumping units (SRPUs) varies significantly due to differences in geological reservoir conditions, as well as design and operation parameters of the SRPUs. Conventional approaches encounter challenges in accurately quantifying the intricate interplay of these factors with uptime. This study investigates the application of association rules mining in exploring reliable measures in long uptime SRPUs. We create an uptime dataset for 5789 sucker rod pumping wells with 16 features encompassing reservoir conditions, production characteristics, SRPUs design,<  operational settings, and uptime. A novel algorithm is proposed to mine association rules between uptime and other features, yielding over 1,000,000 rules. These rules reveal relationships and impacts on long uptime. By following these rules, adjustments can be made to improve the uptime of SRPUs through alterations in design and operational parameters. Two case studies were presented to illustrate that by adjusting the design and operational parameters of SRPUs based on the association rules, the probability of improved operational performance can be increased by 30 % and 8 % respectively. This study explores the association rules of long uptime SRPUs from a data -driven paradigm, providing scientific guidance for subsequent oil well design. The research methodology is also valuable for other mechanical equipment.oZhu, Shichao; Niu, Baolin; Chang, Zhen; Long, Bing; Yin, Feihong; Ouyang, Linhan; Xie, Lingling; Jiang, Zhengyi\Analysis of the thermal expansion and mechanical properties of laser cladding of Invar alloyTLaser cladding; Thermal expansion; Mechanical properties; Multi-pass and multi-layer<MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; PARAMETERS; COMPONENTSLaser cladding has significant advantages in the forming process of Invar alloy. Nevertheless, the coefficient of thermal expansion, microstructure and mechanical properties still need to be further investigated. In this paper, the Invar alloy powder was used to prepare cladding samples, and the performance and microstructure of the cladding layer were investigated. The mechanical and thermal expansion performances of the cladding layer were analysed using a universal material testing machine and a thermal expansion instrument, and the microscopic structure and micro zone composition of the tensile fracture of the cladding layer were investigated using an SEM scanning electron microscope and an EDS energy spectrum analyser. The results show that the mechanical properties of the Invar alloy transverse cladding layer are better than those of longitudinal cladding layer; the thermal expansion performance of the cladding layer is good, and it keeps the same with the base material in the range of 25-200 degrees C; the fracture analysis reveals more dimples in the transverse cladding layer fracture with better plastic tenacity, and intergranular fracture and quasi-cleavage fracture in the longitudinal cladding layer fracture with slightly poor plastic tenacity.jKong, Linglei; Lei, Weining; Han, Jinjin; He, Qing; Li, Qilin; Zhang Suorong; Wang, Xiangzhi; Liu, ZhidongAnalysis and research on the causes of the inability to use pure oxygen dielectric discharge ablation process on titanium alloybTitanium alloy; Electrical discharge ablation machining; EDM; Mixed gas; High-efficiency machiningGAS; EFFICIENTElectrical discharge machining ablation (EDMA) technology is an EDM processing method that uses oxygen as the discharge medium. Compared with traditional EDM, EDMA can greatly improve the machining efficiency but is prone to combustion and explosion phenomena when machining titanium alloy and cannot obtain stable continuous processing. Therefore, this present first analyzes the oxidation characteristics of titanium alloy from the oxidation thermodynamics and kinetics of the material. Then, the structural characteristics of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the titanium alloy where combustion and explosion phenomena occur are analyzed, and the effects of the metal elements that constitute the titanium alloy on the oxide layer structure are studied to reveal the reasons for the explosions. Finally, a method of mixed-gas electrical discharge ablation processing for titanium alloy to avoid explosions is proposed. The material removal rate in the proposed approach is 10 times and 3.5 times greater than that of conventional nitrogen- and argon-assisted submersed gas-flushing EDM, respectively. This provides a new electric machining technology for the high-efficiency and sustainable processing of titanium alloy.+Chen, Yongjiang; Zhao, Jianghai; Jin, YujieAn improved rational Bezi< er model for pneumatic constant force control device of robotic polishing with hysteretic nonlinearityaRobotic polishing; Force control; Constant force control devices; Pneumatic constant force systemThe pneumatic constant force control device has been widely used in robot deburring, sanding, polishing, and other fields due to its good flexibility, simple control, and low cost. The force control accuracy of the pneumatic constant force system could be greatly affected by its nonlinear hysteresis characteristics in the process from the cylinder input to the force output at the end of the device. A rational Bezier-based state fitting method (BSFM) has been presented for calibrating the inherent nonlinearity of the low-cost pneumatic constant force system. Compared with the most widely used PSFM, which is a polynomial-based state fitting method, the BSFM could calibrate the strong inherent nonlinearity of the system more smoothly with the lower ordered model and in a continuous form rather than the piecewise form of the PSFM. The BSFM could maintain a balance between simplicity and precision. Through a series of comparative experiments with different contact forces and feed rates, the proposed method has smaller force overshoot and when active force control is turned on, the force variation is greatly reduced to less than 2 N. The average roughness of the workpiece reached 0.4 mu m after polishing.RWang Xiuli; Xu Wei; Wang Hongliang; Zhu Rong Sheng; Zhao Yuan Yuan; Zhong Hua ZhouAn Experimental Study on Transient Characteristics of a Nuclear Reactor Coolant Pump in Coast-Down Process Under Power Failure ConditionFRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCHxnuclear reactor; coolant pump; power failure condition; moment of inertia; coast-down process; transient characteristics'NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLOW; PERFORMANCE3In order to study the transient characteristics of a nuclear reactor coolant pump in coast-down process under power failure condition, a transient test device for the nuclear reactor coolant pump is set up. This study investigates the effects of the rotor of the nuclear reactor coolant pump and the circuit characteristics on the nuclear reactor coolant pump during the coast-down process by changing the rotary inertia of the flywheel and the resistance of the pipe system. The results show that the greater the moment of inertia is, the more slowly rotational speed, flow, and lift get down in the same coast-down period. The change in the pipe resistance has little effect on the rate of decline in the coast-down process, but it has a great influence on the descent speed of the flow rate and lift. When the pipe resistance is small, the corresponding flow rate decreases faster, but it is slower for the corresponding lift. The results are of great significance in controlling the stability and reliability of the nuclear reactor coolant pump in the coast-down process.JYan, Yuting; Ge, Yuhang; Mao, Hanping; Wang, Qirui; Li, Qinglin; Li, HenanA -Fe 2 O 3 /thiophene-sulfur-doped graphene nanozymes-based colorimetric sensor for visual and quantitative determination of chlorpyrifoseSingle-crystalline gamma-Fe 2 O 3; Graphene; Peroxidase-like activity; Colorimetric sensor; PesticidePERFORMANCE ANODE MATERIAL; PEROXIDASE-LIKE ACTIVITY; GAMMA-FE2O3 NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; ALPHA-FE2O3; NANOCOMPOSITES; DEGRADATION; REDUCTION; MECHANISM; GROWTHThe development of an innovative peroxidase mimic is crucial for achieving accurate and low-cost naked-eye detection for pesticide residues in agricultural products. Herein, a visual sensor for chlorpyrifos was engineered by employing gamma-Fe2O3/thiophene-sulfur-doped 2 O 3 /thiophene-sulfur-doped graphene (gamma-Fe2O3/t-SG) 2 O 3 /t-SG) magnetic nanocomposite as an artificial nanozyme. The gamma-Fe2O3/t-SG 2 O 3 /t-SG magnetic nanocomposite with single-crystalline structure was fabricated by a facile thermal-treatment strategy by controlling the annealing temperature between graphene oxide (GO) and ferric sulfate. Significantly, the resulting gamma-Fe2O3/t-SG 2 O 3 /t-SG magnetic nanocomposite revealed the < markable peroxidase-like activity toward 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl benzidine oxidation (TMB). A novel colorimetric method for the rapid detection of chlorpyrifos was developed based on the high enzyme-like activity of gamma-Fe2O3/t-SG 2 O 3 /t-SG magnetic nanocomposite and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by chlorpyrifos. This colorimetric sensor demonstrated excellent performance in chlorpyrifos quantification, with a linear range from 0.5 to 1000 mu g mL- 1 and a detection limit of 0.17 mu g mL- 1 (S/N = 3). The stability, ease of separation, and high peroxidase-like catalytic activity of gamma-Fe2O3/t-SG 2 O 3 /t-SG magnetic nanocomposite makes it as an ideal candidate for a wide range of potential applications as peroxidase mimetics.@Chen, Junhua; Chen, Zhiqun; Jiang, Wei; Guo, Hun; Chen, LongmiaoaA reliability-based design optimization strategy using quantile surrogates by improved PC-kriging[Quantile-based method; PC-kriging; Augmented reliability space; Enrichment strategies; RBDOIn recent years, the surrogate-assisted reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) methods have been continuously developed, and numerous advanced optimization strategies have boosted efficiency and accuracy. However, ensuring sufficient accuracy and feasibility at the optimal is still a challenge. In order to achieve a wellbalanced between efficiency, accuracy, and optimal feasibility, in this work, a RBDO strategy using quantile surrogates by improved PC-Kriging model is proposed. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the following main aspects: Firstly, an improved learning function has been developed to significantly enhance the convergence efficiency during the construction of the PC-Kriging model. Secondly, in the RBDO analysis process, a novel MP+EI combination point addition strategy is adopted to enhance the approximation of the surrogate model to the optimum of the objective function. It can further improve optimization efficiency and accuracy. On the basis of the rough probability constrained surrogate model established by the global enrichment strategy, a local refinement strategy is introduced to guarantee the accuracy of the quantile evaluation of the probability constrained surrogate model for each iteration solution during the optimization process. Finally, the proposed method is validated by three typical RBDO test examples and one engineering application example.6Zhou, Yiyi; Gao, Yuan; Wang, Chun-Lin; Chen, Lian-mengSA novel brace with partial buckling restraint: Parametric studies and design methodrBuckling-restrained brace; Partially restrained; Weak-axis deformation; Performance evaluation; Parameter analysisCYCLIC BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCEThe yielding segment of the core plate is surrounded by the restraining member, making it difficult to directly inspect the buckling-restrained brace (BRB) after earthquakes. A new BRB, of which the core plate can be directly inspected without disassembling the BRB, is proposed. Only the edge of the core plate is restrained. The simulation models are verified based on previous tests, and the influence of the key parameters on the performance of the partially restrained buckling-restrained brace (PBRB) is compared based on 22 models. The design recommendation for PBRB is summarized. The main conclusions are as follows: The increase of the weak-axis gap d between the core plate and the restraining member can decrease the hysteretic energy-dissipation capacity and increase the weak-axis deformation of the core plate. The weak-axis deformation f of the core plate is selected as the performance evaluation criteria of PBRB, and it is recommended to be controlled within the core plate thickness t. When the unrestrained width-to-thickness ratio b(u)/t is constant, the change of the maximum weak-axis bulging deformation f(max) with the core plate thickness t is not obvious. To ensure that the new PBRB shows satisfied ductility after one strong earthquake and no damage after three strong earthquakes, the two performance levels and corresponding evaluation criteria are proposed, and the de< sign recommendation for key parameters unrestrained width-to-thickness ratio (b(u)/t) and restrained width-to-thickness (b-b(u))/t are given.#Ma, Xingliang; Xu, Fuyou; Liu, ZhensA method for evaluation of the probability density function of white noise filtered non-Gaussian stochastic process]Probability density function; Non-Gaussian; Linear filtering; Stochastic process; White noiseSIMULATION; MAPassing non-Gaussian white noises through a pre-designed linear filter can generate non-Gaussian stochastic processes with desired probabilistic and spectral properties. This linear filtering methodology has been extensively employed in non-Gaussian signal processing and simulation. At present, the investigation of probability properties for the output non-Gaussian processes is primarily concentrated on the higher-order statistics, spectra, and correlation functions. However, evaluating the probability density function (PDF) of the output process remains a challenging task. In order to address this issue, this short communication commences with the theoretical derivation of the PDF formula for the white noise filtered non-Gaussian stochastic process. The derived PDF is the result of a convolution of multiple PDFs, each obtained by applying a scaling transformation to the input white noise PDF. Subsequently, a discretized numerical calculation method is proposed to overcome the analytical difficulties associated with the computation of multiple convolutions. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated through several numerical examples."Zhou, Wei; Ma, Yanfang; Pan, HaiyuKA Novel Trustworthiness Measurement Model Based on Weight and User FeedbackCHINESE JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICSMComponent-based software; Trustworthiness; Weight; User feedback; MeasurementSOFTWARE; ALLOCATIONeSoftware trustworthiness is an essential criterion for evaluating software quality. In component-based software, different components play different roles and different users give different grades of trustworthiness after using the software. The two elements will both affect the trustworthiness of software. When the software quality is evaluated comprehensively, it is necessary to consider the weight of component and user feedback. According to different construction of components, the different trustworthiness measurement models are established based on the weight of components and user feedback. Algorithms of these trustworthiness measurement models are designed in order to obtain the corresponding trustworthiness measurement value automatically. The feasibility of these trustworthiness measurement models is demonstrated by a train ticket purchase system.4Xu, Zhe; Li, Xiaofang; Meng, Xianglian; Liu, YantingYA Distributed Brain Storm Optimization for Numerical Optimization and Graph PlanarizationBrain storm optimization; meta-heuristics; evolutionary computation; graph planarization; distributed structure; computational intelligenceCLONAL SELECTION ALGORITHM; GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH ALGORITHM; ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION; IMMUNE ALGORITHM; DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION; LOCAL SEARCH; POPULATION INTERACTION; MINIMIZATION; PREDICTION; SYSTEMBrain storm optimization is a newly proposed meta-heuristic that has shown great success in many applications. However, it still suffers from slow convergence speed and population premature problems. To address these issues, this paper proposes a distributed brain storm optimization algorithm, namely DBSO, for both continuous and discrete optimization applications. In DBSO, problem solutions are located on several isolated groups, and they communicate with each other by a leader and literal learning strategies. By doing so, both exploitation and exploration abilities of the algorithm can be greatly enhanced. Experiments are conducted based on a set of continuous numerical benchmark functions and discrete graph planarization instances. The extensive experiments and statistical analysis indicate that DBSO can perform better or competitive results than other methods in terms of solution accuracy and convergence<  speed.1Song, Jie; Si, Peng; Hua, Hongliang; Li, ZhongxinbA DVA-Beam Element for Dynamic Simulation of DVA-Beam System: Modeling, Validation and ApplicationLDVA-beam element; vibration suppression; optimization; finite element method@VIBRATION REDUCTION; OPTIMAL-DESIGN; ABSORBER; PARAMETERS; LOADSvThe dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) has a broad application background in slender structure vibration reduction, such as in machine gun systems, micro actuators, and so on. Rapid modeling and simulation of the DVA-beam system are of great importance for dynamic performance, evaluation, and finally, the structural design. The primary motivation for this paper is to present a reliable and convenient technique for the modeling and computation of the DVA-beam system. A novel DVA-beam element, which consists of a beam segment and a DVA, is presented. In this element, the DVA position can be arbitrarily allocated, whether on the beam node or within the beam domain. In this way, the beam can be modeled with a few elements to save on computing costs and maintain ideal modeling accuracy. An element deactivating method, which endows the DVA-beam element with the ability to simulate a bare beam and a DVA-beam structure simultaneously, is proposed. Some numerical examples were carried out to validate the reliability of the DVA-beam element in addressing different kinds of boundary conditions by comparing the beam tip responses with those simulated by ADAMS software, and good agreements were observed. Finally, two DVA optimization examples were conducted to investigate the effectiveness and applicability of the DVA-beam element in engineering optimization. The performance was impressive.>Hua, Hongliang; Zhao, Jingbo; Liao, Zhenqiang; Chen, YongjiangnUnconstrained Bezier Calibration Method for Nonlinear Measurement Calibration Applications: A Comparison Study+IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINETEMPERATURE; NETWORK; ANNAThe primary motivation of this paper is to present an accurate and universal method for the nonlinear system modeling. An Unconstrained Bezier Calibration Method (UBCM) is presented. By constraining the boundary freedom of the UBCM, it could become a constrained form called the Bezier Calibration Method (BCM), which is suitable for situations with an accurate boundary modeling requirement. A comparison study is performed to compare the presented method with the most widely utilized Polynomial Calibration Method (PCM) through several nonlinear behavior modeling examples, including sensor inherent nonlinearity calibration, sine wave, gauss nonlinearity and nonlinear broken line. A comparison study demonstrates that in the present verification examples the UBCM has better calibration performance than that of the BCM and PCM.TLu, Jinjun; Qu, Rong; Liu, Fuyan; Wang, Tao; Che, Qinglun; Qiao, Yanan; Yao, Ruiqing?Tribological Property of Al3BC3 Ceramic: A Lightweight Material LUBRICANTSUAl3BC3 ceramic; lightweight; wear and tribology; liquid lubrication; self-lubrication COMPOSITESoLightweight materials with a density less than 3 g/cm(3) as potential tribo-materials for tribological applications (e.g., space tribology) are always desired. Al3BC3 ceramic, a kind of ternary material, is one of the lightweight materials. In this study, dense Al3BC3 ceramic is prepared via a reactive hot-pressing process in a vacuum furnace. Its tribological properties are investigated in two unlubricated conditions (one is at elevated temperature up to 700 degrees C in air, and another is in a vacuum chamber of back pressures from 10(5) Pa to 10(-2) Pa at room temperature) and lubricated conditions (i.e., water and ethanol as low-viscosity fluids). At 400 degrees C and lower temperatures in air, as well as in vacuum, the tribological property of Al3BC3 ceramic is poor due to the fracture of grains and formation of a mechanically mixed layer. The beneficial influence of adsorbed gas species on reducing friction is very limited. Due to the formation of lubricious tribo-oxide at 600 degrees C and 700 degrees C, the friction coefficient is reduced from ca< . 0.9 at room temperature and 400 degrees C to ca. 0.4. In the presence of low-viscosity fluids, a high friction coefficient and wear but a polished surface are observed in water, while a low friction coefficient and wear occur in ethanol. A lubricious carbide-derived carbon (CDC) coating on top of Al3BC3 ceramic through high-temperature chlorination can be fabricated and the wear resistance of CDC can be improved by adjusting the chlorination parameters. The above results suggest that Al3BC3 ceramic is a potential lubricating material for some tribological applications.RChen, Lian-Meng; Hu, Dong; Gao, Wei-Feng; Dong, Shi-Lin; Zhou, Yi-Yi; Zhang, Fu-BokSupport node construction error analysis of a cable-strut tensile structure based on the reliability theory~allowable error; cable-strut tensile structures; error sensitivity analysis; model experiment; support node construction errorA support node construction error sensitivity analysis was conducted, and the allowable value of node error was determined in this study based on the reliability theory and using the ANSYS software. First, the node construction error sensitivity analysis method was proposed based on Latin hypercube sampling, and detailed procedures were described. Then, a method for determining an allowable error value with a reliability index not less than 1.5, an internal force deviation of the cable not greater than 10%, and a normal serviceability limit state was presented. An exemplary tensile structure with different error distribution and error values was employed to verify the proposed method. Finally, a cable-strut tensile structure model with a diameter of 5.0 m was designed and fabricated. The research showed that different directions of the node construction error had different error sensitivities, and that each direction of the node error had different error sensitivities for different elements. The allowable node construction error can be obtained using a linear searching method with a reliability index not less than 1.5, an internal force deviation of the cable not greater than 10%, and a normal serviceability limit state. The theoretical results were generally consistent with the experimental results, which indicated that the proposed error sensitivity analysis method was accurate. Thus, this study has value for both theoretical research and engineering applications.0Ge, Pei; Song, Yang; Zhou, Junwen; Ma, XingliangxStudy on stress-strain relationship and constitutive model of recycled aggregate concrete under axial cyclic compressionndry or saturated state; plastic strain; recycled aggregate concrete; stiffness degradation; stress degradationvFIBER-REINFORCED-CONCRETE; STEEL-FIBER; CONFINED CONCRETE; SURFACE-ENERGY; BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH; MOISTURE; POWDER; BEAMS$The effects of dry or saturated state, water-cement ratio, coarse aggregate type and steel fiber on the stress-strain relationship of RAC under cyclic loading were studied. What is more, the characteristics of stress-strain curve, plastic strain, stress degradation and stiffness degradation of RAC under cyclic loading were analyzed. The microstructure of RAC was analyzed. Based on the principle of surface energy, the reason for the decrease in compressive strength of wet concrete was analyzed. In addition, the envelope equation of stress-strain curve under cyclic loading, unloading and reloading curve was established. The test results showed that the peak stress of the envelope line of RAC under cyclic loading was affected by dry or saturated state, water-cement ratio and coarse aggregate type, but the addition of steel fiber could reduce the degradation rate of stress and stiffness of RAC after peak strain. The plastic strain accumulation of RAC before and after the peak stress was quite different, but dry or saturated state, water-cement ratio, coarse aggregate type and steel fiber have no obvious influence on the plastic strain accumulation of RAC. The pores and cracks of RAC provide space and channels for the moisture absorption and water absorption. The Weibull-Lognormal statistical distributio< n envelope model, unloading curve model and reloading curve model established were in good agreement with the experimental curves. The research results provided a reference for the study of the full curve constitutive model of RAC under cyclic loading.CChen, Jiaqi; Wang, Qianli; Pan, Shugang; Lu, Zhenjie; Fu, YongshenggStepwise construction of hollow double shell cobalt sulfide spheres for enhanced hybrid supercapacitorsnHollow double shell; Scanning electrochemical microscopy; Cobalt sulfide; Supercapacitors; Kinetics propertiesHIGH-PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODEThe delicate nanostructure design of transition metal sulfide materials has been demonstrated marked effect but is full of challenges to obtain high hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) storage capacity. Herein, hollow double shell cobalt sulfide (CoSx) spheres were successfully fabricated through a control strategy of epitaxial growth, heat treatment and sulfuration reaction process based on Co-glycerate involving the Kirkendall effect. The unique hollow double shell configuration induced potential superiorities of robust structure stability, sufficient electroactive sites and fast electron transfer. As a result, the CoSx electrode delivered desirable electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. The kinetics properties were investigated by using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). It was revealed that the CoSx facilitated the charge transport during the charge/discharge process.5Jiang, Yibo; Bi, Hui; Li, Hui; Xu, Zhihao; Shi, ChenglSilicon Controlled Rectifier Based Partially Depleted SOI ESD Protection Device for High Voltage Application!IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICSelectrostatic discharge (ESD); silicon on insulator (SOI); high voltage protection; body-tie side triggering diode inserting silicon controlled rectifier (BSTDISCR)SCRIn partially depleted SOI (PD-SOI) technology, the SCR-based protection device is desired due to its relatively high robustness, but be restricted to use because of its inherent low holding voltage (V-h) and high triggering voltage (V-t1). In this paper, the body-tie side triggering diode inserting silicon controlled rectifier (BSTDISCR) is proposed and verified in 180 nm PD-SOI technology. Compared to the other devices in the same process and other related works, the BSTDISCR presents as a robust and latchup-immune PD-SOI ESD protection device, with appropriate V-t1 of 6.3 V, high V-h of 4.2 V, high normalized second breakdown current (I-t2), which indicates the ESD protection robustness, of 13.3 mA/mu m, low normalized parasitic capacitance of 0.74 f F/mu m.E103C%Kang, Xudong; Zhu, Jianqun; Liu, LiliNSeismic Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings with Modified Pseudo-dynamic MethodQNonlinear criterion; Piece-wise; Bearing capacity; Modified pseudo-dynamic methodhUPPER-BOUND SOLUTIONS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; LIMIT ANALYSIS; SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS; SLOPE STABILITY; FAILURECurrent research has shown a nonlinear trend in the failure of soil, and the single tangent method is commonly adopted when coping with nonlinear problems of soil failure. However, the method equates a nonlinear criterion to an optimizable linear criterion, which may differ from the actual situation, resulting in conservative results. In this paper, two types of piece-wise log-spiral failure mechanisms for bearing capacity estimations, including symmetrical and unilateral mechanisms were proposed with the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The static bearing capacity of foundations was evaluated using the symmetric failure mechanism, while the seismic bearing capacity of foundations was evaluated adopting a modified pseudo-dynamic method based on the unilateral failure mechanism. The result shows that the bearing capacity calculated in the paper is smaller compared to the result using the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. For London clay, the static bearing capacity is reduced by about 45% at a foundation width equal to 1m. From the comparisons, it is found that the proposed approach of piece-wise log-spiral failure mechanism for bearing capacity estimation is effective. In addit< ion, parametric studies show that the nonlinear parameters, the initial factor of seismic acceleration, the normalized frequency, and the damping ratio all have obvious effects on the seismic bearing capacity. A significant reduction in the seismic bearing capacity of the foundation occurs when the normalized frequency omega sH/Vs is equal to (0.5 + n)pi (n = 0, 1, 2, horizontal ellipsis ). Considering that the approach proposed provides a strict upper bound to the bearing capacity, the result imparts confidence in the approach of analysis presented.&Chen, Xiaohong; Zhang, Yueyue; Ge, PeiResearch on the calculation method of concrete compressive strength based on volume content of recycled coarse aggregate and fine aggregate6JOURNAL OF ASIAN ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING ENGINEERINGVolume content of coarse and fine aggregate; sand cement ratio; contribution strength coefficient; enhancement coefficient; calculation method of concrete strength; >6MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE; FRACTION; MODEL; SIZEIn order to study the influence of physical properties and volume content of coarse aggregate on concrete strength, the effective water absorption, apparent density and crushing index of different types of coarse aggregate were tested; the contribution strength coefficient and reinforcement coefficient of coarse and fine aggregate were proposed according to the mechanics of composite materials, the optimal range of the volume content of coarse and fine aggregate was determined, the calculation equation of concrete compressive strength based on the properties of coarse aggregate and the volume content of coarse and fine aggregate was established. The results show that: the effective water absorption of recycled brick aggregate (RBA) is 8.18% and that of natural aggregate (NA) is 0.32%; the apparent density of NA is 2713 kg/m(3) and that of RBA is 2100 kg/m(3); the crushing index of NA is 18.07% and that of RBA is 30.59%; furthermore, the crushing value of RBA is close to that of cement mortar with water cement ratio of 0.46; NA has a greater range of strengthening the compressive strength of concrete than RBA; when sand cement ratio is between 0.3 and 2.5, both Ks' and Ks are greater than 1; when sand cement ratio is about 0.5, Ks' reach the maximum value; when sand cement ratio is about 0.75, Ks reach the maximum value; the calculation equation of concrete compressive strength established in this paper has a good prediction effect, which provides a new idea for the calculation method of concrete compressive strength.'Zhu, Yili; Zhang, Yongchun; Jin, ChaowuPResearch on the Mechanical Properties of a New I Type Double-Decker Ball Bearing-JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASMEsingle-decker ball bearing; original I type double-decker ball bearing; new I type double-decker ball bearing; quasi-statics principle; mechanical characteristics2ROLLING ELEMENT BEARING; HIGH-PRECISION; STIFFNESS*The new I type double-decker ball bearing (NITDDBB) with two inner contact ball bearings is proposed to improve the speed and load capability of the original I type double-decker ball bearing (OITDDBB). Based on the quasi-statics principle, the mechanical model of the NITDDBB is established and takes into consideration the radial load, axial load, and ball centrifugal forces, as well as the gyroscopic moments. The corresponding calculation model is established on the MATLAB platform. The mechanical characteristics of the NITDDBB are analyzed and compared with the OITDDBB and also with a single-decker ball bearing (SDBB). Finally, a bearing load test rig is designed and built to verify the simulation results. The results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of the NITDDBB.rZhu, Shichao; Niu, Baolin; Chang, Zhen; Jiang, Zhengyi; Zhenhua, Deng; Yin, Feihong; Ouyang, Linhan; Xie, LinglingGResearch on heat and mass transfer in the molten pool of laser cladding>Laser cladding; Temperature field; Flow field; Surface tension,NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PARAMETERS; DEPOSITIONIn order to study the evolution laws of the temperature fiel< d, flow field, and macroscopic morphology of the molten pool during laser cladding process, this paper focuses on the changes in the morphology and flow field distribution of the molten pool temperature field caused by corresponding parameter changes during laser cladding process. First, a multi-physics field coupling model for laser cladding was established by combining light powder interaction, phase transition, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics, and the temperature and flow fields of the molten pool were analyzed. Then, the influence of process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding rate on the temperature and flow field of the molten pool was studied. Finally, the influence of Marangoni convection induced by surface tension temperature coefficient on the macroscopic morphology, internal temperature field, and flow field distribution of the molten pool was investigated.YYang, Zhou; Qian, Keyi; Zhang, Zhiqian; Dong, Shuang; Hui, Jia; Yu, Chengbin; Fan, WangxiRare-earth metal based Pr/Pr 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 Mott-Schottky heterojunction for electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen linking to organics oxidation_Rare-earth metal; Mott-Schottky heterojunction; Hydrogen evolution; Organics oxidation reaction HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTROCATALYST.Hydrogen is a new free carbon emission energy form to solve the energy crisis all over the world. To obtain hydrogen, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the electrocatalytic water splitting has little value so it can be replaced by organics oxidation reactions, but how to fabricate the electrocatalyst is the key point. Herein, the rare-earth metal Pr and chalcogen element Se are used to construct the Pr/Pr 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 Mott-Schottky heterojunction, which is used as an electrocatalyst for water splitting. Amongst them, the Pr/Pr 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 -1 heterojunction shows the superior electrocatalytic performances that the glucose oxidative reaction (GOR) overpotential is 291 mV at 10 mA cm -2 in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M glucose, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential is 145 mV at 10 mA cm -2 in 1 M KOH. For the GOR process, the glucose is electrocatalytic oxidized to high-value-added gluconic acid, and the splitting voltage of Pr/Pr 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 - 1 is only 1.51 V at 10 mA cm -2 , and hydrogen is also produced under the effect of one stone two birds .*Huang, Kai-Lin; Song, Yang; Sheng, Yan-MingRainstorm Resistance of Recycled Pervious Concrete under the Coupling of Fatigue and Freeze-Thaw CyclesLrecycled pervious concrete; rainstorm resistance; fatigue; freeze-thaw cycle3PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; DURABILITY; STRENGTH; MODELIn order to alleviate the increasing serious urban waterlogging problem, the rainstorm resistance of a new self-compacting recycled pervious concrete (NSRPC) under the coupling of freeze-thaw (F-T) and fatigue is studied. The once-in-a-century rainfall was simulated, and the rainstorm resistance of NSRPC was evaluated mainly through the ponding depth and drainage time. In addition, the mechanical properties (compressive strength and flexural strength), mass loss rate and relative dynamic elastic modulus of NSRPC during F-T and fatigue coupling were measured. The microstructure of NSRPC was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and its deterioration mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the fatigue load aggravates the F-T damage of NSRPC in the later stage. With the increase in the number of fatigue cycles, the loss rate of compressive strength and flexural strength of NSRPC increases continuously, and the permeability coefficient decreases first and then increases. With the increase in the number of freeze-thaw and fatigue cycles, the mass loss rate increases gradually, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus decreases gradually. After the coupling of fatigue and F-T cycles, the minimum mass loss of NSRPC is only 2.14%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus can reach 86.2%. The increase in the number of fatigue cycles promotes the generation and expansion of micro-cracks and provides more channels for water to invade the matrix.<  Under the action of rainstorm in the 100-year return period, the maximum ponding depth of NSRPC with steel fiber content is 84 mm, and the drainage time is 7.1 min, which meets the needs of secondary highway. This study will provide theoretical basis for improving the service life and drainage capacity of urban drainage pavement in cold areas.:Li, Chunguang; Tao, Chongben; Liu, Guodong; Xie, GuangqianSQuantized flocking control for second-order multiple agents with obstacle avoidanceKMultiple agents; flocking control; logarithmic quantizer; uniform quantizerNWALKING PATTERN GENERATION; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; CONSENSUS; TOPOLOGYA quantized flocking control for a group of second-order multiple agents with obstacle avoidance is proposed to address the problem of the exchange of information needed for quantification. With a reasonable assumption, a logarithmic or uniform quantizer is used for the exchange of relative position and velocity information between adjacent agents and the virtual leader, moving at a steady speed along a straight line, and a distributed flocking algorithm with obstacle avoidance capability is designed based on the quantitative information. The Lyapunov stability criterion of nonsmooth systems and the invariance principle are used to prove the stability of these systems. The simulations and experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach./Wang, Wei; Li, Sen; Yao, Lin-Quan; Yi, Shi-ChaoPseudo-Three-Dimensional Analysis for Functionally Graded Plate Integrated with a Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Composite LayerSHEAR DEFORMATION-THEORY; FREE-VIBRATION ANALYSIS; HIGHER-ORDER SHEAR; SANDWICH PLATES; ELASTICITY SOLUTION; BUCKLING ANALYSIS; ACTUATORS; SENSORS; MODELSIn this paper, a pseudo-three-dimensional method is proposed to investigate static behavior analysis of functionally graded (FG) plate integrated with a piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) layer by the hyperbolic shear and normal deformation theory. The present method is a displacement-based theory which accounts for hyperbolic variation of in-plane displacement field and parabolic variation of transverse displacement field. The linear electrical potential function in the PFRC layer is modeled. The governing equations of present method are derived by the minimum potential energy principle and Navier's procedure is used to solve the equations. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. The effects of some parameters including material composition, aspect ratios, and applied voltages on the deformations of the plate are investigated. Compared with the available data of numerical method and 3D method, the presented method is more suitable for the smart FG structure.TLi, Xiaolong; Yu, Hailong; Dai, Lanhua; Wang, Chaoqian; Sun, Yunlan; Meng, XingchengbOptimization and simulation of a novel multi-energy complementary heat pump system in cold regionsmCold regions; Economical and energy-saving optimization; Heat pump system; Multi-energy complementary; TRNSYSSOLARSolar-assisted ground source heat pump systems(SAGSHPSs) and solar- assisted air source heat pump systems (SAASHPSs) are recognized renewable energy technologies for clean and feasible heating and domestic hot water supply. However, in cold regions, the poor thermal comfort of SAASHPSs and the soil thermal imbalance of SAGSHPSs during heating periods must be resolved urgently. Therefore, to provide an efficient and stable heat source, a multi-energy complementary heat pump system(MECHPS) with seasonal heat storage was designed to meet the needs of building energy consumption. The system comprehensively utilizes solar energy and ambient air for seasonal heat storage during non-heating periods, and then directly provides heat coupled with the ground source heat pump during heating periods. The composition and control strategy of the system were introduced. The system was numerically modeled by the simulation software Transient System Simulation Program (TRNSYS), and the main MECHPS < modules were experimentally verified. Additionally, to study the optimal capacity of MECHPS in terms of economy and energy savings, the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm was used for MECHPS capacity optimization with the objectives of minimising the annual cost and maximising the annual savings of standard coal. The results showed that compared with traditional SAASHPSs, the MECHPS exhibited better thermal comfort while maintaining the room temperature above 18 degrees C. Compared to SAGSHPSs, the MECHPS was able to achieve soil thermal balance, and its soil temperature remained largely constant after 15 years of operation. Finally, compared with the initial scheme, the annual cost reduction rate was 4.98 % under the annual cost optimization scheme and an additional 1310 kg of standard coal could be saved under the annual savings of standard coal optimization scheme. The proposed system provides a way to satisfy the building energy supply for widespread application in cold regions.1Li, Xiongwei; Liu, Tao; Ju, Shangwei; Guo, YanweiOptimization and Impact Assessment of Excavation Sequence around Subway Stations from the Perspective of Sustainable Urban Developmentcfinite element analysis; PLAXIS 3D; group foundation pit engineering; urban sustainable developmenthThe construction of group foundation pits near subway stations often leads to environmental pollution, thereby causing certain damage to urban ecology. By optimizing the excavation sequence of group foundation pits, the adverse effects on surrounding underground structures and soil during excavation can be effectively mitigated, contributing to the sustainable development of cities. Taking a group foundation pit project in Changzhou as an example, this study utilized the finite element software PLAXIS 3D to simulate various working conditions under different excavation sequences, comparing the deformation of the subway station, shield tunnel, and surrounding soil. The results show that, influenced by the excavation of group foundation pits, the difference between maximum deformation and minimum deformation of shield tunnel is 25.85%, and the difference between the maximum deformation and minimum deformation of the subway envelope is 19.44%. The subway envelope is least affected by the change in excavation sequence. Both the displacement of the subway station and the surrounding soil exhibit a significant cumulative effect, with displacement changes closely related to the distance from the pit to the station and the ground, as well as the amount of soil unloaded in each excavation. Therefore, it is advisable to adhere to the principle of far before near, shallow before deep, small before large during excavation, which facilitates the coordinated development of urban infrastructure construction and the urban ecological environment, providing valuable reference and guidance for the sustainable development of cities.bChen, Lian-Meng; Huang, Kai-Yu; Liu, Yi-Jie; Zeng, Yi-Hong; Li, Ze-Bin; Zhou, Yi-Yi; Dong, Shi-LinOOptimisation of Cable Dome Structure Design for Progressive Collapse Resistance\cable dome structures; progressive collapse; member importance analysis; design optimisationSince the literature lacks an effective analysis method of collapse mechanisms and optimisation design theory for progressive collapse resistance of cable dome structure, a structural performance-based optimisation approach was proposed to improve the progressive collapse resistance for cable dome structures in this study. First, the dynamic response and collapse model of a cable dome structure were analysed after its members were removed using Ansys LS-DYNA and the full dynamic equivalent load-based instantaneous unloading method. Second, the importance coefficients of the members were calculated to determine the contribution of each member to the progressive collapse resistance of the structure. Finally, a stepwise optimisation solution was proposed by integrating a global optimisation model, which uses the mean of the importance coefficients of all members as the optimisation index, with a local optimisatio< n model, which minimises the maximum member importance coefficient. The results indicated that different members exhibited varying levels of importance in the progressive collapse resistance of the structure, with the inner and outer hoop cables demonstrating the highest levels of importance, followed by the inner upper string of the tension hoop. The other members had low levels of importance. Compared with the cable dome structure based on the Geiger topology, the cable dome structure based on the Levy topology was more resistant to progressive collapse; such resistance decreased as the number of cable-truss frames decreased. Additionally, the local optimisation approach based on the genetic algorithm reduced the maximum member importance coefficient (i.e., that of the outer hoop cable) by 60.26%.rModeling of Both Arrhenius and Non-Arrhenius Temperature-Dependent Drain Current for Organic Thin-Film TransistorsoCarrier concentration; drain currentmodel; temperature characteristics; thin-film transistor (TFT); trap statesFIELD-EFFECT MOBILITYTo describe both Arrhenius and nonArrhenius temperature-dependent drain currents for the organic thin-film transistors, the effective trapped carrier concentration expression is presented. Based on the expression, following the Shur and Hack's trap limited carrier conduction theory, the analytical drain current model is developed. The temperature-dependent trap states' density is presented to explain the origin of the effective trapped carrier concentration expression.3Wang, Xiangzhi; Guo, Hun; Tu, Jiyuan; Ding, SonglinAModeling of Active Gap Capacitance Electrical Discharge MachiningIJOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASMEEDM; capacitive effect; powder mixed; graphene; PCD; advanced materials and processing; electrical and electrochemical machining; machining processes; nontraditional manufacturing processes; powder processing<POWDER MIXED EDM; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; PCD; OPTIMIZATIONActive gap capacitance electrical discharge machining (AGC-EDM) is a high-speed EDM method for machining polycrystalline diamond tools utilizing the active capacitive effect and powder mixing effect formed by the kerosene dielectric added with graphene particles. The capacitive effect increases the discharge energy and explosive force, which in turn influences the material removal efficiency; the powder-mixed effect changes the states of dielectric and forms a non-fixed gap discharge process. Take into account these two aspects, a new discharge mechanism of AGC-EDM is proposed to describe the discharge process. Capacitance characteristics and chain stacking process of graphene-kerosene dielectrics are verified by experimental results. The material removal rate, relative electrode wear, and surface roughness are discussed with the pulse duration, peak current, and graphene concentration to study the theories of the new EDM process.:Yu, Chengtao; Zhu, Yili; Shi, Fan; Chen, Yu; Xu, LongxiangModeling and experimental validation of transient response of magnetic suspension rotor contacting with auto-reducing clearance auxiliary bearingaContact dynamics; Strain gauge; High speed camera equipment; Auxiliary bearing; Magnetic bearingsqEXPERIMENTAL QUANTIFICATION; DYNAMIC-ANALYSIS; BACKUP BEARINGS; FLEXIBLE ROTOR; SYSTEMS; SIMULATION; FORCES; DROPThe major purpose of this study is to indicate the transient responses of an active magnetic bearing (AMB) rotor contacting with auto-reducing clearance auxiliary bearing (ACAB). Considering the radial vibration of the single support, the real-time clearances between the outer ring (OR) and each support, and the swing of the supports, the dynamic models of the rotor and the ACAB are formulated. The dynamic behavior of the rotor-ACAB system is investigated by the dynamic trajectories of the rotor and the OR, the movement of each support, and the dynamic forces generated in the ball bearing and between the OR and supports. Furthermore, the AMB-rotor dropping tests, in which a strain gauge based measurement system and a high speed camera e< quipment are adopted to separately survey the interaction force between the support and the OR and record the movements of the OR and the supports, are performed. The results show that, after the rotor drops on ACAB, the swing supports rapidly reduce the protective clearance and then stably maintain the rotor to operate around the center of ACAB. Finally, the ball bearing only suffers the centrifugal force of the rotor without impact forces, while big interaction forces always exist between the OR and each support. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.MSong, Hongyan; Liu, Yu-Ting; Zhang, Xiao-fang; Zhang, Wei-Song; Wu, Gang-PingMicroporous layer with hierarchical structure toward enhanced performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell via integrating of dispersion and binding\Hierarchical pore; Capillary force; Water management; Microporous layer; Gas diffusion layer`GAS-DIFFUSION LAYER; CARBON NANOTUBES; WATER MANAGEMENT; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; CATHODE; MICRO; PAPER1The rational design of the microporous layer (MPL) is very important for the water management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The uncertainty of pore structure distribution of MPL originated from the random stacking of particles. To facilitate the water transfer at high current density, it is necessary to improve the capillary force of the gas diffusion layer (GDL). The hierarchical porous structure MPL was designed by coating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different length-diameter ratios. In the process of constructing the network structure of CNTs, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/N-methylpyrrolidone binder/solvent system alleviates the structural and performance defects caused by the agglomeration via an integrated method of dispersion and binding. The optimal current density of PEMFC at 0.2 V can reach 1913.8 mA/cm2 under the optimal MPL structure. The peak power density of GDL-GPVDF prepared with PVDF is 831.8 W/cm2 which is 8.85% and 15.74% higher than that of GDL-1PVDF and GDL-2PVDF with single pore structure, respectively. The lowest mass transfer resistance of GDL-GPVDF is 23.71 m Omega, indicating that it can discharge excess water at the catalyst layer/ MPL interface to avoid flooding. This design provided a novel strategy for the stable operation of PEMFC at high current density.hMechanism and experimental study on three-dimensional facula shaping in femtosecond laser micromachiningOPTICAL ENGINEERINGofemtosecond laser; micromachining; diffraction facula; phase plate; phase modulation; three-dimensional shaping7SYMMETRIC WAVE-GUIDES; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; FABRICATION[Because of the laser beam waist and diffraction effect of the lens, the focal spot light field in femtosecond laser microprocessing has an ellipsoidal spatial distribution. This leads to the gap between two processing layers increasing along the axial direction, and the distribution density of processing points decreasing along the horizontal direction. This directly reduces the resolution of the microprocessing, and badly affects the machining accuracy and surface quality. We established a mathematical model for three-dimensional (3-D) laser beam shaping based on the Fresnel diffraction theory and designed a kind of four-ring complex amplitude transmittance phase plate by using a global optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm to simultaneously realize transverse and axial 3-D shaping. We numerically showed that the transverse and axial gains of the focal facula after 3-D shaping are 0.77 and 0.68, respectively, where the corresponding peak energy ratio is 0.36, the transverse and axial sidelobe energies are 0.28 and 0.62, respectively, and the defocusing amount is -0.08. We also constructed a confocal/two-photon microscope system to experimentally achieve a better shaping effect in the case of femtosecond laser fabrication at a point on the thin film of a photochromic material. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)JQian, Cheng; Cai, Xiaoli; Zhu, Junjie; Xu, Ye; Tang, Zhijun; Li, ChunguangDLearning large margin support correlation filter<  for visual tracking;visual tracking; support correlation filter; maximum marginOBJECT TRACKING; LONG-TERM>Correlation filter-based tracking methods realize dense sampling via the circular shift of an image patch, thereby improving the generalization ability of the trackers. However, the discriminative power of these methods is still limited due to the boundary effect and ridge regression framework. Instead of a traditional correlation filter, a classifier is learned in the form of a support correlation filter. Aiming at the enhancement of the discriminative power, the support correlation filter learning on the training samples is accomplished under the large margin framework. Furthermore, a cropping operation is implemented on each feature map to extract the central part of the feature as a reliable training sample. In particular, this operation is implicitly carried out through the integration into the learning framework. An alternating optimization algorithm is further developed to obtain the solution for the large margin support correlation filter. The experimental results on the benchmark dataset demonstrate the superior performance of the method. (C) 2019 SPIE and IS&T(Huang, Cheng; Wang, Xiaojun; Zhao, JinboyLarge electrocaloric effects induced by multidomain-to-monodomain transition in ferroelectrics with electrical inclusionsyferroelectrics; electrocaloric effect; phase-field simulation; multidomain-to-monodomain transition; electrical inclusionThe electrocaloric effect (ECE) depends on the sudden change of the polarization field during ferroelectric phase transition near the Curie temperature. Similarly, giant ECE can be found enormously during the domain structure transition from multidomain to monodomain process in ferroelectrics. To reveal the mechanism with the effects of the electric inclusions, the ECE of PbTiO3 (PTO) ferroelectric solids under electric loads is investigated by phase-field simulation. The giant ECEs of ferroelectric materials containing three kinds of electric inclusions, namely, air, silicone oil, and water, are discussed in detail under applied electric fields. The results suggest that an unusual ultrahigh negative ECE (-9.30 K) and a large EC strength ( increment T/ increment E=0.237 KmMV-1 are achieved near room temperature (about 50 & DEG;C) in ferroelectrics containing water inclusion. The results indicate that electric inclusions generate high electrostatic energy under electric loads to break through the energy barrier and play an importation role in the ECE. In summary, the works may provide a better way to obtain the giant ECE and large EC strength close to room temperature by effectively regulating the dielectric constant of the electric inclusion and the increment of the applied electric field.Zhang, Jinmin; Jin, Huali; Suo, Zhiguang; Shen, Hailin; Chen, Xiaohui; Liu, Yong; Zhu, Jiaomeng; Wei, Min; He, Baoshan; Zhao, RenyongHighly conductive MXene-Au NPs and high current AuPd NPs/UiO-66 electrochemical sensor combining multiple signal amplification strategies for tetracycline detectionYElectrochemistry; MXene-Au NPs; AuPd NPs/UiO-66; Catalytic hairpin assembly; TetracyclinexRECENT PROGRESS; BIOSENSORS; RESIDUES; MILK; NANOPARTICLES; ANTIBIOTICS; APTASENSORS; COMPOSITES; PRINCIPLES; FRAMEWORKSPTetracycline (TET) was the most commonly used antibiotic in animal husbandry because of its low price, low toxicity, and wide range of antimicrobial effects. Here, an electrochemical sensor for TET detection was developed using MXene-Au NPs nanocomposites combined with the signal probe MB/AuPd NPs/UiO-66, leveraging multiple signal amplification strategies. The sensor was used in situ grown gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in MXene with a multilayer structure as the electrode modification material. The current signal was significantly increased by a factor of 1.42 due to the large specific surface area and high electrical conductivity of the modified material. Meanwhile, AuPd NPs/UiO-66 loaded with methylene blue (MB) was also utilized as a signal probe, which combines the advantages of high curren< t signal, good stability and low cost. Then dual signal amplification strategies were used to increase the sensitivity of the sensor. Taking advantage of the longer length of the aptamer (Apt), one Apt is cleverly designed to link three ssDNA, which releases three ssDNA when the target was present, acting as a triple signal amplification. A large number of signal probes can be attached to the electrodes after assembling the cycle using catalytic hairpins assembly (CHA), which has the advantage of low cost and fast response time. Ultimately in the presence of the target the signal probes can be attached to the electrode in large numbers, which improved the signal response. Under the best conditions, the detection range of the sensor was 0.001-500 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.789 pg/mL..Wang, Feng; He, Yafeng; Wu, Xiaokai; Kang, Min{Flow field characteristics and experimental research on inner-jet electrochemical face grinding of SUS420J2 stainless steelSIMULATION; DESIGNElectrochemical grinding (ECG) is processed by the combination of dissolution and grinding. It is very suitable for the processing of difficult-to-cut stainless steel, but its processing performance is restricted by the matching effect of dissolution and grinding. In this work, the processing of the torus surfaces of the stainless steel shaver cap was taken as the research object. A flow field model including the through-hole structure and the rotation of the grinding head was proposed to optimize the flow field distribution and promote the uniform dissolution of materials. The flow field simulation results showed that the rotational flow formed by the high-speed rotation prolonged the electrolyte flow path and was not conducive to the discharge of electrolytic products, and the reasonable selection of the diameter and distribution of the through-hole could reduce the velocity difference. The effects of rotational speed, feed rate, and inlet pressure on the flatness and surface roughness of the torus surfaces were experimentally investigated, and a better matching effect of dissolution and grinding was obtained. Moreover, the experimental results showed that the inner-jet ECG had a good prospect in the batch processing of high-hardness stainless steel parts.CWang, Zhengyi; Dou, Linming; Wang, Guifeng; He, Jiang; Hu, Jincheng\Failure Mechanism of Anchored Roadway Surrounding Rocks under Near-Field Dynamic DisturbancebRockburst; Near-field dynamic disturbance; Roadway support; Mechanical response; Failure criterionROCKBURST; STRESSAiming at roadway rockbursts induced by near-field dynamic disturbances, this study explored the mechanical response and failure mechanism of anchored roadway surrounding rocks under this condition through the similarity simulation experiment and theoretical modeling analysis. Results show that the greater the disturbance energy is, the stronger mechanical response of surrounding rocks while the faster its attenuation. The starting acceleration amplitude is relatively smaller while the braking acceleration amplitude is larger in the bolt densification area, which has a better self-stabilizing ability. Anchored roadway surrounding rocks exhibit local impact failure characteristics, and the region facing disturbance is most seriously damaged. The bolt-mesh-cable support structure shows the good resistance to low-energy disturbances, while the impact failure is induced with damages inside support structure increasing abruptly under high-energy disturbances. The impact resistance of local surrounding rocks can be improved by bolt densification. Based on the failure criterion, the surrounding rocks only undergo impact failure in the region facing disturbance, while quasi-static failure occurs in remaining regions. The experimental and theoretical research results have been verified through in-situ measurements, which can provide an important reference for the mechanism and prevention of roadway rockburst under near-field dynamic disturbance.PYu, Mengjiao; Shao, Weifan; Tai, Guoyu; Han, Jiangang; Wu, Guangyu; Xing, WeinanFaci< litating charge transport by phenyl-substitution and sulfate-intercalation on carbon nitride tubes for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolutionPCarbon nitride; Photocatalyst; Sulfate groups; Phenyl groups; Hydrogen evolutionQBENZENE-RING; HOLLOW TUBE; G-C3N4; HETEROJUNCTION; PERFORMANCE; SEPARATION; WATERDespite challenges still remain, simultaneous regulation of light absorption, carrier separation and efficient exposed active sites of carbon nitride for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen (H2) are essential to help alleviate the energy crisis and achieve carbon neutrality. Using in-plane phenyl groups doping and interlayer sulfate groups modification, we demonstrated an eco-friendly and facile method for excogitating porous tubular graphitic carbon nitride (PhSO-TCN2.5). The PhSO-TCN2.5 has hollow tubular morphology with ultrathin pore walls, which offers more exposed active sites, shortened charge diffusion path and readily available diffusion channels. More importantly, the in-plane phenyl groups doping and interlayer sulfate groups modification enabled significant intense the visible light absorption, accelerated carrier transfer due to the electron transport channel between the interlayers. Meanwhile, PhSO-TCN2.5 possesses exceptionally adjusted band gap structure and more negative conduction band potential. Accordingly, the above synergistic effects contribute to the efficient photocatalytic efficiency in H-2 evolution to 8709.29 mu mol g(- 1) h(- 1). In addition to the apparent quantum yield of 12.0% at 420 nm, that far exceeds the reported tubular and functional group-modified carbon nitride photocatalysts. This document offers guidance on designing and producing photocatalysts with high efficiency.4Gong, Erlei; Lan, Tianhao; Hao, Yanna; Li, JianzhongmExperimental research on ignition characteristics of hot jet matched with single-channel wave rotor combustorYWave rotor combustor; Hot jet ignition; Jet flow rate; Jet equivalence ratio; Flame front2SUPERSONIC COMBUSTOR; SCRAMJET COMBUSTOR; HYDROGENfAn experimental system employing hot jet ignition was used to investigate the effects of hot jet equivalence ratio, jet flow rate, and premixture equivalence ratio on the ignition and flame propagation characteristics of a single-channel wave rotor combustor. The study revealed that the hot jet equivalence ratio and jet flow rate exert a notable influence on the initial flame front position. The ignition delay time for the wave rotor combustor remains approximately 4 ms within the tested parameter range, regardless of variations in the jet conditions. The stable flame propagation velocity primarily depends on the premixture equivalence ratio within the wave rotor channel, with optimal flame propagation achieved at a specific ratio. Additionally, the premixture equivalence ratio inside the wave rotor channel significantly impacts the shape of the flame front.(Li, Jiannan; Singh, Amardeep; Zhou, YiyiyExperimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of I-Shaped Laminated Bamboo Composite Beam as Sustainable Structural ElementQlaminated bamboo; I-shaped beam; flexural behavior; shear connector; Gamma methodLUMBER; CONNECTIONS; CAPACITY6Laminated bamboo (LB) is considered a promising environmentally friendly material due to its notable strength and advantageous lightweight properties, making it suitable for use in construction applications. LB I-beams are a prevalent component in bamboo structures due to their ability to fully utilize their material properties and enhance efficiency when compared to beams with rectangular solid sections, while the characteristics of connections should be further studied. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the flexural behavior of I-shaped LB beams that are connected using self-tapping screws and LB dowels. Compared with glued beams of the same size, the findings of the study reveal that the primary failure modes observed in those two types of components were characterized by the separation of the component and web tensile fracture. The screw beam and dowel beam exhibit< ed a reduced ultimate capacity of 43.54% and 30.03%, respectively, compared to the glued beam. Additionally, the ultimate deflections of the screw beam and dowel beam were 34.38% and 50.36% larger than those of the glued beam, respectively. These variations in performance can be attributed to the early breakdown of connectors. Based on design codes, it can be observed that the serviceability limits were in close proximity, whereas the ultimate strains of the top and bottom flanges were significantly lower than the ultimate stresses experienced under uniaxial loading conditions. As a result of the slip and early failure of connectors, the effective bending stiffness estimated by the Gamma method achieved better agreements before elastic proportional limit. Therefore, in future investigations, it would be beneficial to enhance the connector and fortify the flange as a means of enhancing the bending characteristics of an I-shaped beam.HWang, Liangliang; Su, Chun; Jia, Xiaofeng; Guo, Zhongning; Zou, Zhixiang{Experiment and Simulation Study of the Laser-Induced Cavitation Bubble Technique for Forming a Microgroove in Aluminum Foil MICROMACHINES]laser; cavitation bubble; micro-forming; axisymmetric structure; thickness thinning; hardness+PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SHEET; SURFACE; COPPERThe present work introduces a laser-induced cavitation bubble technique for forming an axisymmetric structure (i.e., microgroove) and the dynamics of a cavitation bubble from initial expansion to the collapse stages that were also simulated. Furthermore, the shock wave signals and dynamic properties of the cavitation bubble were recorded using a hydrophone and a high-speed camera. The experiments on microgrooves formed by laser-induced cavitation bubble stamping were carried out, and the effects of laser energy, the initial position of the bubble, and the number of impacts on the microformability of aluminum sheets are discussed. The depth of the microgroove was investigated using experiments, and it was found that the process can serve as a rapid technique for impressing microfeatures on thin-sheet metals. The experimental results showed that as the initial position of the bubble increased, the deformation depth decreased. As the laser energy and number of impacts increased, the deformation depth increased. The results of the response surface experiments showed that a laser energy of 27 mJ, 3 impacts, and a bubble position of 3 mm were optimal for the process. By using the optimal parameters, flat and smooth microgrooves with a forming depth of 102.54 mu m were successfully fabricated. Furthermore, the maximum thickness thinning of the microgroove section occurred at the entrance areas, and this area had the greatest hardness. This also indicated that the greatest amount of plastic deformation of the material and grain refinement occurred in this area. On the other hand, the aluminum foil did not undergo oxidation during the plastic deformation process. These results demonstrated that laser-induced bubble stamping is an advanced micromachining method with promising applications.8Qi, Luqiao; Shi, Yan; Hunag, Cheng; Li, Zhi; Gao, Cun-FanElectrical-Driven Delamination of Flexible Piezoelectric System and Its Applications in Surface Energy Testing5JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASMEVmechanical properties of materials; stress analysis; film delamination; soft materialsTHIN-FILMS; MECHANICSKIn the present work, a novel experiment for the flexible piezoelectric system was introduced. The flexible piezoelectric film was spontaneously in contact with the soft substrate conformably. After driven by the pure electrical load, the delamination between the film substrate systems can be observed visually. By thoroughly analyzing and eliminating the influence of gravity, the force that prevents the delamination points to the effect of surface energy. Apparently, the deformation of the flexible film is quite small, and a linear constitutive model still dominates the mechanics of the system in this scenario. Moreover, different from the traditional piezoele< ctric system, the Maxwell stress cannot be neglected in the current experiment. A simple mechanics model is derived in this study to reveal the mechanism behind the experiment.XLi, Danhong; Jiang, Changyong; Cao, Xia; Li, Hui; Hekmatifar, Maboud; Sabetvand, RoozbehEffect of cross-sectional area and number of Fe nanoparticles on the thermal behavior of pool boiling heat transfer of the water-based nanofluid: A molecular dynamics studyJNanoparticle; Microchannel; Pool boiling HT; Molecular dynamics simulation*POISEUILLE FLOW; SIMULATION; SURFACE; FLUXToday, pool boiling heat transfer (HT) plays an important role in many industries and engineering systems. This study investigates the effect of factors such as cross-sectional area and the number of Fe nanoparticles (NPs) on pool boiling HT of water/Fe nanofluid (NF) in a microchannel. This research is performed using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. For this research, quantities such as maximum density, velocity, temperature, heat flux (HF) and phase change time are investigated. The results indicate that increasing the number of NPs reduces the phase-change duration. Adding the NPs to the base fluid improves the pool boiling HT. By reducing the cross-sectional area of the microchannel from 0.25 mu m(2) to 0.09 mu m(2), the HF increases, and as a result, the pool boiling HT occurs at a higher rate. So, reducing the cross-sectional area decreases the phase-change duration from 0.33 to 0.30 ns. NPs due to the increase in HT surface, increase in effective thermal conductivity and uniformity of temperature changes in the base fluid leads to a very large increase in the heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Finally, it is expected that using these simulations, optimization of water/Fe NF behavior to enhance the pool boiling HT in micro-scale (micmchannels) and nanoscale applications is done.Ren, Pinyun; Wang, Rui; Teng, Zihao; Wang, Tianyu; Yang, Yujie; Jia, Zhili; Gao, Huifang; Pu, Cheng; Li, Baohui; Tan, Shihua; Zhang, WanlitEffect and mechanism of hydrogen annealing temperature on the HER performance of RuO 2-based catalysts in acid mediaRuO 2-Based catalysts; Annealing temperature; Ru/RuO 2 composite; Hydrogen evolution reaction; First-principles calculation; Synergetic catalysisTOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; PH-UNIVERSAL; EVOLUTION REACTION; EFFICIENT; ELECTROCATALYST; NANOCOMPOSITE; NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRODES; CARBONAnnealing as an experimental means is often used to treat various electrocatalysts for improving their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Herein, in order to investigate the effect of hydrogen annealing temperature on the HER performance of RuO 2 -based electrocatalysts, commercial RuO 2 , self-synthesized RuO 2 , and self-synthesized RuO 2 /MoO 3 composite are annealed at 150, 300, 500, and 700 degrees C in a hydrogen atmosphere, respectively. It ' s found that RuO 2 is gradually deduced at 150 degrees C, ultimately, completely reduced to Ru under 300 degrees C. Meanwhile, the content of RuO 2 at the samples surface is gradually decreases as the annealing temperature increase to 700 degrees C. However, for all samples, the 500 degrees C annealed sample shows the best HER performance in acid solutions, including the lowest over potential, the smallest Tafel slope, and the largest doublelayer capacitance. We inferred that the optimal HER performance of the 500 degrees C annealed samples maybe attributed to their appropriate Ru/RuO 2 ratio. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that significant electron transfer across the Ru/RuO 2 interface, thereby optimizing the adsorption free energy of H on Ru and RuO 2, ultimately resulting in Ru/RuO 2 catalyst exhibiting better HER activity than bare Ru and RuO 2 . The study provides guidance on the preparation of RuO 2 -based electrocatalysts for achieving efficient hydrogen evolution.DDynamic of an inhomogeneous three-layer sphere under cyclic pressure)CIRCULAR CAVITY; SCATTERING; WAVE; STRESSIn this paper, the dynamic characteristics of inhomogeneous three-layer spheres under spherical wave induced b< y cyclic pressure are studied. The density is assumed to have a square of inverse proportional function distribution along the radius. Firstly, on the basis of Lamb decomposition and variable separation method, the analytical expression of spherical wave is conducted, which satisfies the stress equilibrium on the outer and inner surfaces of the sphere, and the Euler equation is obtained due to inhomogeneity. Next, algebraic equations with respective boundary conditions are composed and solved by effective truncation techniques. Finally, a comparison and discussion are conducted between the model presented in this article and the homogeneous model obtained by the Legendre polynomial expansion. Obtained results enable to reveal the influence on the dynamic stress concentration factor intensity under proper conditions. The conclusions of this article are verified by comparing the analytical solutions to the ones obtained by finite element method. This paper can provide a theoretical method for the analysis of mechanical properties of inhomogeneous multilayered spherical structure under dynamic loading.UDeng, Jianghua; Hua, Linxin; Lu, Ye; Song, Yang; Singh, Amardeep; Che, Jiao; Li, YangCrack analysis of tall concrete wind towers using an ad-hoc deep multiscale encoder-decoder with depth separable convolutions under severely imbalanced data5STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALStructural health monitoring; concrete cracks; depth separable convolutions; encoder-decoder architecture; automated inspection for wind towersUDAMAGE DETECTION; RECOGNITION; INSPECTION; RETRIEVAL; DEFECTS; NETWORK; SYSTEM; VIDEOAn accurate and timely cracking assessment, including the presence, location and crack geometric feature measurement, is crucial for evaluating concrete wind towers. Therefore, the early identification of cracks is a critical procedure in promptly evaluating structural integrity. This study proposed an ad-hoc encoder-decoder network based on DeepLabv3+ with depth separable convolutions to automatically segment cracks from real-world images captured from various concrete wind towers. The combined advantages of the improved DeepLabv3+ and the lightweight MobileNet v2 are suitable as a benchmark due to their high performance and universality. Four experiments were conducted to determine the model design choice and crack feature measurement capability: (1) six parametric tests using various pre-trained base networks and algorithm optimisers, (2) the influence of complex background noise (i.e., handwriting script) on crack segmentation performance, (3) comparative studies with cutting-edge pixel-wise segmentation models and (4) crack feature measurement (i.e., length and width). The research outcome demonstrated that DeepLabv3+ with MobileNet v2 can potentially be applied for efficient and accurate crack segmentation in concrete wind towers with complex backgrounds.+Zheng, Hongyu; Chen, Wengang; Xie, FangfangsControl Simulation of Flapping-Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle Based on Multi-Level Optimization Model Predictive Control]Flapping wing vehicle; model predictive control; multi-level optimization; quasi-steady modelDYNAMICS[In this paper, a control algorithm using multi-level optimization and model predictive control is proposed to solve the conflict between the computational cost and control accuracy of the flapping-wing micro aerial vehicle. First, a quasi-steady model is established to evaluate the aerodynamic forces and moments of the flapping-wing vehicle, and the forces and moments are then optimized to meet the control requirements based on classical model predictive control. Then an optimization module based on the quasi-steady model is introduced to optimize the kinematic parameters to achieve the optimal forces and moments, thus it decomposes the complex optimization problem of the classical model predictive control into two sub-problems. Compared with classical proportional-integral-derivative control and model predictive control, the response speed of the multi-level optimization model predictive control is effe< ctively improved while maintaining high accuracy. Finally, the effectiveness and stability of the control framework are validated by the control simulations of set-point and motion-tracking control.<He, Gong; Tongyang, Wang; Jianqun, Zhu; Shujin, Li; Yao, YaoPCompressive Experimental Analysis and Constitutive Model of Sintered Nano-Silverelectronic packaging; sintered nano-silver; compression; damage evolution; constitutive law; constitutive modeling of materials; failure criteria; mechanical properties of materialsDUCTILE FRACTURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-ABSORPTION; VOID NUCLEATION; UNIFIED CREEP; PLASTICITY; STRAIN; BEHAVIOR; RUPTURE(Aiming at the potential high-temperature packaging material of the wide band gap semiconductors, experimental and theoretical analysis on the compressive properties of sintered nano-silver was performed. The viscoplastic properties of sintered nano-silver were investigated by compressive experiments with five loading rates, and the effects of loading rate on the ultimate strength and elastic modulus of sintered nano-silver were analyzed. According to the microstructure characteristics of sintered nano-silver, the damage framework including void volume fraction was developed by extending the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model, and the mathematical model between Bonora damage law and void volume fraction was proposed, in which the internal void was assumed to be sphere and cube. A modified constitutive model including the damage model was developed based on the unified creep and plasticity theory for describing the compressive properties of sintered nano-silver. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified by comparing it with the experimental data.SHua, Hongliang; Liao, Zhenqiang; Liu, Yuhang; Wu, Xiaofeng; Zhao, Jingbo; Song, JiejCompliant human-robot object transfer based on modular 3-axis force sensor for collaborative manufacturingISA TRANSACTIONSBGrasping; Interaction; Force control; Force sensor; Cost-effectives6-AXIS FORCE/MOMENT SENSOR; FORCE/TORQUE SENSOR; IMPEDANCE CONTROL; END-EFFECTOR; DESIGN; MANIPULATION; EXOSKELETONThe primary motivation of this paper is to present a compliant and cost-effective solution for object transfer between human and robot. The application prospect of this study is robot-human collaboration in manufacturing. To achieve above goals, a novel modular 3-axis force sensor is proposed for the grasping system to achieve interactive force sensing. Compliant object transfer control strategy, which is composed of incremental force control mode and gravity balance control mode, is proposed for object transfer between human and robot. A prototype of underactuated grasping system which is mounted on the proposed modular 3-axis force sensor is fabricated to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed interactive control strategy. Experimental results reveal that the incremental force control mode is suitable for the lighter objects with a higher interactive sensitivity. For transferring heavier objects, the gravity balance control mode is more suitable. In gravity balance control mode, the human hand could achieve a quasi-static equilibrium with the object, and achieve a compliant transfer operation. Due to the above characteristic, the proposed control strategy has the potentials to enhance the object transfer compliance and safety in the human-robot object transfer process.:Wu, Xiao-Feng; Chen, Chih-Keng; Hong, Chih-Wei; Jiang, Wei]CFD Simulation and Test of a High Pressure Piston Pump with Pre-Compression Chamber Structure6JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS'piston pump; flow ripple; CFD; PUMPLINXRIPPLE1Fluid noise in a piston pump is caused by pressure and flow ripples when the piston cavity rotates the pre-compression closed dead area of the valve plate. This paper studies a certain type of high pressure piston pump with pre-compression chamber. CFD simulations of the piston pump were carried out in PUMPLINX (R) and the results show that the flow ripple of piston pump is affected by the load pressure, pump speed and structure of the < pre-compression chamber. DOE and approximate function technique are used to obtain the response surface function of flow ripple, which is expressed by structural parameters of the damping hole diameter and span angle of the pre-compression chamber. Damping hole diameter and span angle of the pre-compression chamber are optimized under different load pressures, based on the response surface function. After optimization, the outlet flow ripple rate is reduced under the load pressures of 100bar, 200bar and 300bar, respectively. Finally, piston pump flow rate test experiments are performed to verify the correctness of simulation.AWang, Yong; Wang, Peili; Qiao, Xiwen; Meng, Haodong; Chen, Li-Qun/An inerter-based X-structure vibration isolatorPERFORMANCE; SUPPRESSIONT The X-structure has been used for vibration isolation due to its nonlinear characteristic. Here, the use of an inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of the traditional X-structure vibration isolator by exploiting the mass amplification characteristic of the inerter while satisfying the lightweight design requirement. Based on the arrangement of the inerter and X-structure, transverse-mounted, series-connected and parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolators are designed. The relevant dynamic equations for these isolators are established using the Lagrange principle, their dynamic responses are obtained using the harmonic balance method and pseudoarc-length method, and their isolation performances are evaluated by three performance indices and compared with those of the X-structure and traditional linear vibration isolators. The results show that the transverse-mounted inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator has nonlinear inertial, nonlinear conservative forcing and nonlinear stiffness characteristics and that the series-connected and parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolators have linear inertial and nonlinear stiffness characteristics. The transverse-mounted and parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolators have a smaller relative dynamic displacement peak, absolute dynamic displacement peak, absolute displacement transmissibility peak and resonance frequency and wider isolation frequency band than the X-structure isolator, and only the high-frequency absolute displacement transmissibility is larger for the transverse-mounted and parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolators. A series-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator can isolate a relatively low-frequency vibration because of the antiresonance frequency and thus can improve the high-frequency absolute displacement transmissibility, while the relative dynamic displacement peak, absolute dynamic displacement peak and absolute displacement transmissibility peak are larger for the series-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator than for the X-structure isolator. The parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator exhibits the best isolation performance and the transverse-mounted inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator exhibits the best shock performance among the four X-structure and linear vibration isolators studied. In addition, the experimental prototype of the inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator is built to test its performance, the theoretical and experimental results are compared to verify the validity of the theoretical modelling. This paper verifies the benefit of introducing the inerter in the X-structure and offers a better choice for effective vibration isolation in practical engineering.Li, Li; Li, Xinyu; Xie, Yajun; Huang, Haocheng; Huang, Yugang; Wang, Hongkang; Bei, Shaoyi; Xu, Qiang; Wang, Xiaochun; Zheng, KeqinguAdaptability enhancement of mini-channel cold plate for cylindrical battery module under various ambient temperaturesSCylindrical battery module; Cold plate; Ambient temperature; Temperature uniformityTHERMAL MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCEAdaptability enhancement of battery thermal management system (BTM< S) to various ambient temperatures is important to ensure operation safety of electrical vehicles considering the intensification of greenhouse effect. However, for BTMS based on mini -channel cold plate, corresponding researches are rare and existing knowledge is insufficient to provide effective guidance for the design of BTMS adaptable to various temperature conditions. In this work, systematically numerical investigations are performed to compare cooling performances of minichannel cold plate under various ambient temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 45 degrees C. Thorough analyses are provided to clarify the underlying temperature evolution mechanisms of the cylindrical battery module during the discharge process in terms of both temperature rise and temperature uniformity. Significant peaks are witnessed in the time -dependent curves of maximum temperature difference at high ambient temperatures. Thus, extended studies are carried out to elucidate the influences of coolant inlet temperature, ambient convection coefficient and coolant flow rate on the intensity and duration time of the maximum temperature difference peak. Based on the results, a feasible strategy combining gradient-reduced coolant inlet temperature with appropriately decreased flow rate is proposed to realize satisfactory temperature uniformity for the BTMS working at extreme high ambient temperature (above 40 degrees C).'Zhong, Zhen; Zou, Ningmu; Zhang, XupingsAccurate Measurement for the Subsequent Perturbation in the Coherent -OTDR System with Small Laser-Frequency-Drift7phi-OTDR; accurate measurement; subsequent perturbationIn the coherent phi-OTDR system with small laser-frequency-drift less than 50 kHz, the phase change in the quiet region without external perturbation is theoretically deduced to be linear with the fiber length while its waveform in the direction of pulse sequence is highly similar with the external perturbation acting on the fiber before the quiet region. Moreover, the phase information of one position contains the perturbation information of all foregoing positions. Consequently, a simple and accurate solution of differential operation for acquiring the phase information of subsequent perturbation which is behind the initial perturbation occurring on the fiber is proposed. The fitted phase change trace between the foregoing and the subsequent perturbation is extended to the region behind the subsequent perturbation. Then, behind the subsequent perturbation, the extended phase change trace is subtracted by the fitted phase change trace containing two perturbations. Moreover, in order to afford the fitting data with less noise as much as possible, the phase changes at positions where the value of modulus of coherent phi-OTDR is lower than the set threshold value is firstly eliminated. To verify these methods, an experiment with two PZT vibrations in this paper is described. For the subsequent PZT vibration, the sinusoidal phase signal with a frequency of 50 Hz is perfectly retrieved when the threshold is set to be 10 mV. And the discussion about threshold value shows that it is satisfactory for the accuracy of phase extraction of the subsequent perturbation if the threshold is set as or above the noise level in the form of modulus in the experiment.4Wang, Qi; Chen, Xi; Chen, Ming; He, Yafeng; Guo, HunSA rapid modelling method for machine tool power consumption using transfer learningOMachine tool; Power consumption modelling; Transfer learning; Energy efficiency;ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; PREDICTION; EFFICIENCY; MECHANICS; WEARAccurate power consumption models are the basis for improving energy efficiency of machine tools. The acquisition of energy consumption characteristics of different machine tools requires a large number of calibration experiments, which leads to low modelling efficiency. This paper proposes a rapid modelling method using transfer-learning to obtain the power consumption model of the target machine tool. After obtaining the power consumption model of the source machine tool through detailed experiments, this method<  only needs a few experiments to obtain the power consumption model of the target machine tool, which greatly improves the modelling efficiency, and the method is experimentally verified on different machine tools.GChen, Junhua; Chen, Guangsong; Wang, Xin; Chen, Longmiao; Qian, LinfangYA novel second-order mixture importance sampling strategy for system reliability analysis1QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONALbmixture important sampling; multiple failure modes; second-order approximation; system reliabilityBOUNDS~Reliability analysis and evaluation of systems with multiple failure modes is extremely challenging. In this paper, a novel, efficient, and accurate system reliability method is proposed based on the second-order approximation and the mixture important sampling (mixture-IS) method. The proposed method does not require the construction of surrogate models and integrates the advantages of second-order approximation and mixture-IS strategies, which can greatly reduce the computational effort of estimating the system failure probability as well as ensuring the accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by several numerical and engineering problems, and comparisons are made against other existing reliability methods. The results indicate that the method can effectively reduce the number of limit state function calls and achieve high computational accuracy.Xu, Zezhong; Qian, ChengJA novel method for circular objects extraction based on region information!SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSINGNCircular objects extraction; Region pixels; Hough transform; Functions fitting@CIRCLE DETECTION ALGORITHM; HOUGH TRANSFORM; SEGMENTATION; IMAGEBy using region pixels rather than edge points, a novel method is proposed for extracting circular objects in an image. A two-dimensional accumulator array with less columns is voted by region pixels instead of contour points. A set of quadratic functions and a linear function are fitted, and the coefficients of the fitted functions are used to compute the circle parameters. The quadratic polynomial function, which is determined by the circle radius and mean voting distance, is deduced by analyzing the relationship between voting values and the voting distance. A linear function, which is determined by the circle center, is deduced by analyzing the relationship between mean voting distances and the voting angle. In each column of two-dimensional array, a quadratic function is fitted and validated. The circle radius is computed based on the coefficients of the validated quadratic functions. After all columns are processed, a linear function is fitted. The circle center happens to be the coefficients of the fitted linear function. The proposed method is tested and compared using synthetic images and real-world images. Experimental results show the proposed method is fast and accurate in the presence of noise disturbance.?Wu, Xiaofeng; Hua, Hongliang; Zhao, Che; Shi, Naiyu; Wu, Zhiwei?A Back-Drivable Rotational Force Actuator for Adaptive Grasping ACTUATORSGrobotic grasping; actuator; series elastic actuating; adaptive grasping)SERIES ELASTIC ACTUATOR; ROBOT; COMPLIANTIn this paper, a back-drivable and miniature rotary series elastic actuator (RSEA) is proposed for robotic adaptive grasping. A compact arc grooves design has been proposed to effectively reduce the dimension of the RSEA system. The elastic elements could be reliably embedded in the arc grooves without any additional installation structures. The whole RSEA system is characterized as compact, miniature, and modular. The actuating force is controlled via a PI controller by tracking the deformation trajectory of the elastic elements. An underactuated finger mechanism has been adopted to investigate the effectiveness of the RSEA in robotic adaptive grasping. Results reveal that the underactuated finger mechanism could achieve adaptive grasping via the RSEA in a back-drive approach without the requirement of a fingertip force sensor. The RSEA could also exhibit an actuating compliance and a self-s< ensing characteristic. The actuating compliance characteristic helps in in guaranteeing the safety of human-robot interaction. The RSEA could estimate the external disturbance due to its self-sensing characteristic, which has the potential to replace the fingertip force sensor in grasping force perception applications.*Li, Chunguang; Tao, Chongben; Liu, Guodong83D Visual SLAM Based on Multiple Iterative Closest Point-With the development of novel RGB-D visual sensors, data association has been a basic problem in 3D Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM). To solve the problem, a VSLAM algorithm based on Multiple Iterative Closest Point (MICP) is presented. By using both RGB and depth information obtained from RGB-D camera, 3D models of indoor environment can be reconstructed, which provide extensive knowledge for mobile robots to accomplish tasks such as VSLAM and Human-Robot Interaction. Due to the limited views of RGB-D camera, additional information about the camera pose is needed. In this paper, the motion of the RGB-D camera is estimated by a motion capture system after a calibration process. Based on the estimated pose, the MICP algorithm is used to improve the alignment. A Kinect mobile robot which is running Robot Operating System and the motion capture system has been used for experiments. Experiment results show that not only the proposed VSLAM algorithm achieved good accuracy and reliability, but also the 3D map can be generated in real time.|Wave reflection and transmission in a piezomagnetic right-angle plane with irregular boundaries: a boundary element approach(SCATTERING; PROPAGATION; INCLUSIONS; BEMQThis paper examines the problem of a piezomagnetic right-angle plane with irregular boundaries using the boundary element method. It considers SH waves and line source loads as external forces acting on the piezomagnetic right-angle plane. The effectiveness of the boundary element method is demonstrated through two different numerical examples. Firstly, in the absence of line source loads, the paper analyzes the dynamic characteristics in the first example by employing the image method and Graf addition theorem. Then, it introduces Green's identities and solves the Green's function in infinite three-dimensional space. In the second example, the paper investigates the dynamic characteristics when irregular boundaries are subjected to line source loads using the boundary element method. The results elucidate the influence on the dynamic stress concentration factor and magnetic field intensity concentration factor under appropriate conditions. Additionally, the analytical solutions are compared with finite element solutions to validate the accuracy of the conclusions presented in this study.5Li, Jianfen; Li, Shujin; Haque, M. Aminul; Chen, BingmWater-resistance performance analysis of Portland composite concrete containing waterproofing liquid membrane}Portland limestone concrete; Water -resistance performance; Admixture; Mechanical strength; Water absorption; MicrostructuresLIMESTONE CEMENTS; DURABILITY'Portland composite cement (PCC) is well-known as a low-carbon and low-cost cement as compared to Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Hence, PCC is broadly used for infrastructure development. The concerning issue is that PCC concrete show low strength than OPC concrete as PCC contains 30%-35% supplementary materials and 65%-70% clinker. Consequently, PCC concrete exhibits little waterproofing performance, which limits the application of PCC com-posites in the heavy rainy regions and design of water structures. The current research aims to improve the water-resistant quality of PCC concrete using the waterproofing chemical liquid admixture namely Sika & REG; Membrane-2000. Different dosages of admixture like 1%, 1.5% and 2% of cement were introduced to prepare the PCC concrete compositions and examined the physico-mechanical and microstructural properties at different hydration ages. It was revealed that PCC concrete with water to binder ratio 0.40 and 1.5% admixture shown the attainment of good structural densit< y and formation of low voids, which were closer to plain OPC concrete. In addition, water absorption was reported around 3% and 6% at 28d at static and non-static water condition, respectively for solid cube and concrete wall composed with PCC-1.5%. Moreover, CS and STS were observed about 34 MPa and 4 MPa at 28d, correspondingly which is very near to OPC specimens. Investigations of microstructures by SEM and EDS for PCC-1.5% sample also detected the compactness of hydration products and development of recognized crystals like calcium silicate hydrate, ettringite and calcium sulfoaluminate, which is corroborated with the physical and mechanical strength properties of PCC-1.5% concrete. The results of this research might be applied in the constructures works of water-resisting issue with low-cost.?Zhang, Chenyang; Gu, Shuo; Li, Xiao; Deng, Jianghua; Jin, ShengyVID-SLAM: A New Visual Inertial SLAM Algorithm Coupling an RGB-D Camera and IMU Based on Adaptive Point and Line FeatureseAdaptive point features; loose coupling; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM); tight coupling%ROBUST; ACCURATE; VERSATILE; ODOMETRYThe visual-inertial simultaneous localization and mapping (VI-SLAM), which integrates data from monocular or stereo cameras, has garnered significant attention and development. The RGB-D camera, capable of capturing both color and depth images simultaneously, can perceive a comprehensive view of the surroundings. To fully leverage two types of measurement information from the RGB-D camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor for accurate pose estimation, we propose a new VI-SLAM algorithm, VID-SLAM, that effectively couples the RGB-D camera with the IMU. In our proposal, we first develop an adaptive point feature detection approach that rapidly detects and tracks sufficient point features. This approach uses adaptive nonmaximum suppression and the KD-Tree algorithm to ensure a homogeneous distribution of point features. Second, we incorporate line features into the pose estimation module of the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm. By screening line features based on the geometric properties of vanishing points, we ensure that the detected lines align with the edges of scene objects as early as possible. Beyond the 2-D reprojection error of line features, we introduce a new error term that leverages the geometric constraints of plane normal vectors formed by matched line features and the optical center of the RGB-D camera; furthermore, we estimate the pose of the RGB-D camera by loosely coupling point-line visual features with IMU preintegration measurements. In the back end of VID-SLAM, we tightly couple the point-line feature error model with the IMU preintegration to jointly optimize the camera pose. Extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons demonstrate that our VID-SLAM algorithm achieves robust performance and comparable accuracy.Cai, Jianwen; Huang, WenhaoGThree-dimensional information storage of polymer doped with nano-silverethree-dimensional optical storage; microexplosion; polymers doped with nano-silver; femtosecond laserOPTICAL-DATA STORAGE/Femtosecond laser three-dimensional optical storage is an important method to realize high-density optical storage. Based on femtosecond laser microexplosion optical information storage principle, the information was written and readout with Titanium sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser, the storage experiments were performed in the polymer doped with nano-silver, 11-layer optical information storage was achieved, the information point spacing was 2 m and the information layer spacing 14 m. The experiments showed that polymeric materials doped with nano-silver can be used for femtosecond laser three-dimensional optical storage and this had laid a solid foundation for high density and ultrahigh density optical information storage. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2662-2665, 2015_Yan, Xuefeng; Wang, Xuehao; Deng, Caiying; Zhao, Yahong; Mei, Shuang; Bai, Jianhui; Ma, BaosongGTesting and analysis of CIPP liner u< nder simulated groundwater pressure+TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY4CIPP; Buckling; Pressure; Deformation; Design methodCured-in-place pipe (CIPP) is commonly used to rehabilitate deteriorated culverts and drainage structures. During installation, factors like corrosion, joint staggering, and insufficient inflation can create an annular gap between the liner and host pipe, potentially leading to buckling failure under external loads. Existing design methods lack experimental evaluation, leading to discrepancies between simulations and monitoring. To address this, an experimental study was conducted using a carefully designed test system to minimize boundary condition influences. Two tests were performed with host pipes of 600 mm and 1000 mm outer diameters. Simulating underground water pressure, elliptical deformation of the CIPP liner was observed until the host pipe's wall was contacted, with localized arching in non-contact areas. The width of the annular gap (Delta d) between the liner and host pipe determined whether hydrostatic buckling occurred before critical buckling. However, the critical buckling pressure could not be accurately predicted by existing buckling models. In response to this issue, an improved model is proposed based on pressure from elliptical deformation and buckling caused by local arching. The experimental results showed that the simulation error ranges from -0.5 % to +1.1 %. Our study provides valuable insights into enhancing CIPP liner buckling resistance and offers a more accurate model for predicting critical buckling pressure, contributing to safer and more reliable CIPP rehabilitation methods.{Li, Xinyu; Li, Li; Hang, Weixing; Wang, Wei; Yin, Mingfeng; Wang, Xiaochun; Bei, Shaoyi; Xu, Qiang; Liu, Jie; Zheng, KeqingSystematic investigation of hybrid cold plate combining embedded phase change material with liquid cooling minichannels under different ambient temperatures for battery thermal managementBHybrid cold plate; Battery thermal management; Ambient temperatureHybrid cold plate combining embedded phase change material (PCM) with liquid cooling minichannels is promising in battery thermal management for electrical vehicles. However, previous studies about hybrid cold plates mainly focus on their thermal performances at a specific ambient temperature to highlight their advantages. Herein, systematic investigations are provided to compare performances and evaluate superiorities of hybrid cold plate under a wide ambient temperature range (from 20 degrees C to 40 degrees C) via comparison of three cold plates employing different cooling schemes including (1) PCM and liquid cooling, (2) PCM cooling, and (3) liquid cooling. Corresponding results demonstrate that superiority of hybrid cold plate mainly appears at the ambient temperature where the PCM could undergo phase transition during the discharging process. Consequently, to enhance its reliability under harsh conditions, suitable PCM for hybrid cold plate should exhibit a relatively high melting temperature with the specific value matching with the upper temperature limit of lithium ion batteries. Extended studies are also conducted to elucidate the influencing laws and meanwhile clarify the underlying physical mechanisms of several key influencing factors including the aluminum wall thickness, expanded graphite content and coolant velocity, whose suitable values are identified to be 2 mm, 12 % and 0.05m . s-1, respectively.SStructural Health Monitoring and Flight Safety Warning for Aging Transport Aircraft JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERINGAging transport aircraft; Static aeroelasticity theory; Fuzzy logic modeling; Quick access recorder (QAR); Structural maintenance programAThrough the assessments of stability derivatives to indirectly determine the structural health of transport aircraft, a method based on static aeroelasticity theory is presented. The flight data of two twin-jet transport aircraft encountering severe clear-air turbulence at transonic flight will be the study cases. One of these two twin-jet transport aircraft is a< n aging one and the other is a new one. The nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic models are established through flight data mining and fuzzy logic modeling techniques based on flight data. The pitch damping in oscillatory motion, controllability in longitudinal aerodynamics, and static aeroelastic characteristics in terms of the first and second aerodynamic derivatives are then estimated by using these aerodynamic models. A comparative analysis of static aeroelastic behaviors in severe clear-air turbulence for these two twin-jet transport aircraft will be assessed. The static aeroelastic effect of aging transport aircraft is more significant than that of the new one and has a larger impact on the empennage structures. The root cause of the larger static aeroelastic effects and irregular deviations of stabilizer with obvious problems of screw jack assembly will be discussed. This method can be used to assist certificate holders of aircraft maintenance factories to monitor the variations of static aeroelastic behaviors and issues of flight safety warnings for aging transport aircraft. This is used as a complementary tool for the structural maintenance program to improve aviation safety, operation, and operational efficiency.&Yang, Yushan; Liao, Hong; Zhu, JianqunqStability Analysis of Three-Dimensional Tunnel Face Considering Linear and Nonlinear Strength in Unsaturated SoilYmatric suction; factor of safety; nonlinear soil strength; kinematically limited analysis3SHEAR-STRENGTH; FAILURE; SLOPES; PRESSURE; BEHAVIORThe shear strength of unsaturated soils exhibits significant nonlinearity, while previous studies often simplified it with linear strength models. The objective of this paper is to investigate the distinctions in the stability of three-dimensional (3D) tunnel faces when using linear and nonlinear strength models. A new 3D rotational failure mechanism and an extended form of the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion were integrated into the kinematically limited analysis (KLA) framework to describe the failure characteristics of tunnel faces. Subsequently, the factor of safety (FS) of the 3D tunnel faces was calculated using the strength reduction method (SRM). In the discussion section, the impacts of nonlinear shear strength, matric suction in the unsaturated soils, and the 3D geometric parameters of the tunnel on the stability of the tunnel face were analyzed. The outcomes indicate that, in unsaturated soil conditions, diverse nonlinear strength calculation models and soil types exert disparate influences on the FS of 3D tunnel faces. The main novelty of this study lies in establishing an effective method for assessing the stability of tunnel faces in unsaturated soils.EGao, Zhiao; Kong, Lingwei; Liu, Bingheng; Xu, Chuanyong; Lin, HuanwencShear Properties of Fissured Clay with Different Fissure Orientations under Plane Strain ConditionsVFissured clay; Fissure inclination angle; Plane strain; Strength criterion; Shear band]OVERCONSOLIDATED CLAY; EXPANSIVE SOIL; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; DEFORMATION; MECHANISM; MODEL; SANDAn important characteristic of some clays is their abundance of fissures. In the case study reported here, to investigate how the fissure inclination angle affects the deformation and strength of fissured clay, samples of undisturbed fissured clay with different inclination angles of its inherent fissures (0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees) were subjected to consolidated undrained plane-strain shear tests using a true triaxial apparatus. Moreover, consolidated undrained triaxial tests were carried out on samples with the same inclination angles for comparison. The results showed that compared with the triaxial state, the degree of fissure influence on samples with different fissure angles is different under plane strain, which weakens the influence of the fissure inclination angle on the soil's mechanical behavior. Under the designed consolidation pressures, the peak stress of the 45 degrees fissured soil samples was the smallest, with a stress-strain curve that exhibits strain softening. The 0 degrees fissured so< il samples exhibited the highest peak stress, with a stress-strain curve that exhibits strain hardening. The 90 degrees fissured soil samples fell in between, with a stress-strain curve that exhibits a relatively stable trend. The intermediate principal stress coefficient b-value showed different trends at different fissure angles, which also reflects the influence of fissure dip angle. According to the von Mises and Lade-Duncan strength criteria, the generalized plane-strain criterion for fissured soil was obtained. The dip angle of the shear band was calculated from Mohr-Coulomb theory, and the difference between the calculated and measured dip angles was found to be small.$Liu, Zhen; Ma, Xingliang; Lv, JunlincSeismic Response of a Large-Span Steel Truss Arch Bridge under Nonuniform Near-Fault Ground Motionsdnear-fault ground motion; large-span steel truss arch bridge; velocity pulse; permanent displacement= The ground motion in the near-fault region of an earthquake is characterized by exceptional energy levels, powerful velocity impulses, substantial spatial variability, and notable permanent displacement. These unique attributes can dramatically escalate structural damage. Steel truss arch bridges, being critical components of transportation networks, are particularly vulnerable to these phenomena due to their extensive stiffness spans. Such factors are difficult to accurately simulate. In this study, real near-fault ground motions that incorporate spatial variability effects and pulse effects are used to excite the long-span arch bridge, thereby striving to realistically reproduce the structural damage sustained by the bridge under the simultaneous influence of near-fault spatial variability and pulse effects. This study adopts an arch bridge with a span closely approximating the spacing between stations (200 m) of the SMART seismic array as a case study. The near-fault ground motions, characterized by spatial variability and captured by the array, are selected as seismic samples, while the far-field ground motions recorded by the same array serve as a comparative reference. The seismic excitations are then input into the bridge case study, following the spatial correspondence of the stations, using a large-scale finite element program to obtain the structural response. Upon analyzing the seismic response of crucial positions on the bridge, it became evident that the arch foot of the bridge is more susceptible to the spatial variability in near-fault ground motion, whereas the vault experiences a greater impact from the high-energy velocity pulse. Specifically, under nonuniform seismic conditions, the internal force at the base of the bridge arch increased significantly, averaging a rise of 18.69% compared to uniform excitation conditions. Conversely, the displacement and internal force response at the top of the arch exhibited more modest increases of 6.48% and 10.33%, respectively. Under nonuniform excitation, the vault's response to near-fault earthquakes increased by an average of 20.35% com-pared to far-field earthquakes, while the arch foot's response rose by 11.55%. In contrast, under uniform excitation, the vault's response to near-fault earthquakes was notably higher, increasing by 25.04%, while the arch foot's response showed a minor increase of only 2.28%. The study has revealed significant differences in the sensitivity of different parts of long-span arch bridges to near-fault earthquake characteristics. This finding is of great importance for understanding the behavior of long-span arch bridges under complex earthquake conditions. Specifically, the arch foot of the bridge is more sensitive to the spatial variability of near-fault ground motions, while the arch crown is more significantly affected by high-energy velocity pulses, providing new insights for bridge seismic design. Furthermore, the differences in response between the arch crown and arch foot under different earthquake excitations also reveal the complexity and diversity of bridge structural responses.=Sun, Wen; Chen, Yang; Wang, Junnian; Wang, Xiangyu; < Liu, LililResearch on TVD Control of Cornering Energy Consumption for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles Based on PMPpvehicle dynamics model; torque vectoring distribution; Pontryagin Minimum Principle; BAS-PSO; energy consumptionSTABILITY CONTROL; STRATEGYThis paper aims to study the torque optimization control of distributed drive electric vehicles in the cornering process and reduce the cornering energy consumption. The main energy consumption of the vehicle in the cornering process is analyzed clearly based on the 7-DOF vehicle dynamics model. The torque vectoring distribution (TVD) of a distributed drive electric vehicle in the process of turning was studied on the basis of the Pontryagin Minimum Principle (PMP). The Beetle Antenna Search-Particle Swarm Optimization (BAS-PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the torque distribution coefficient offline, and the algorithm was improved to improve the operation speed. Based on the vehicle dynamics characteristics, the table of torque distribution coefficient of minimum turning energy consumption and the optimal energy-saving degree of TVD control in different bending conditions were worked out.HWang, Junnian; Gao, Shoulin; Lv, Siwen; Sun, Jie; Sun, Wen; Yang, ZhihuazPractical active traction control for independent-wheel-drive electric vehicle based on slip-ratio threshold determinationASIAN JOURNAL OF CONTROLqelectric vehicle; independent-wheel-drive; road adhesion estimation; torque distribution; traction control system4MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; STABILITY; BRAKING; SYSTEM The traditional traction control system (TCS) based on hydraulic braking only works when the wheels are slipping, which will cause the problem of slow response to extreme slip. In addition, the TCS of four-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicle (4WIDEV) is often based on road adhesion characteristics identification or optimal slip ratio identification to implement active control, which is difficult to achieve in engineering. Aiming at this problem, a practical active TCS is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the wheel slip state of the front and rear axles, the dynamic transfer of torque between axles is realized to maintain the vehicle propulsion power. Second, the adhesion conditions between road and tire are classified, and two sets of target slip ratio thresholds are formulated for high and low adhesion pavement, respectively. Then the current road adhesion coefficient is estimated by using the advantage that the in-wheel motor torque can be obtained in real-time. Thirdly, the overall framework of the control strategy is established, the logic threshold control algorithm is adopted for tracking the wheel target slip ratio. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed active TCS can improve the vehicle power and avoid excessive wheel slipping.tXu, Qiang; Huang, Haocheng; Gu, Yinwen; Lin, Xue-Mei; Zhu, Kai; Yin, Mingfeng; Li, Li; Wang, Xiaochun; Zheng, KeqingPerformance comparison of phase change material/liquid cooling hybrid battery thermal management system under different cyclic charging-discharging mode designsjHybrid battery thermal management system; Phase change material; Liquid cooling; Charging-discharging modeHybrid battery thermal management systems coupling phase change material with liquid cooling are considered promising in thermal safety guarantee of lithium ion battery packs during long operating cycles. However, longterm performance comparisons of the reported hybrid battery thermal management systems in the literature are difficult. The main reason is that they have employed different cyclic charging-discharging mode designs, but the influential mechanisms of the mode designs on the heat dissipation performances of the hybrid battery thermal management systems are still unclear. In this work, thermal behaviors of the lithium ion battery pack during different cyclic charging-discharging processes are simulated to elucidate the influential mechanisms of cyclic charging-discharging mode designs on the cooling performances of the hybrid battery thermal management s< ystems. High C-rates are employed for both charging and discharging processes considering the more significant cooling demand under harsh conditions. The results demonstrate that in the charging-discharging mode designs, rest interval before the discharging process is vital to control temperature rise during the cyclic processes, while effects of rest interval after the discharging process are weak. Consequently, compared with the rest interval number, position of the rest interval in the cyclic charging-discharging processes is more important in the improvement of system thermal performance. Further, universality of the conclusions under different material properties and working conditions is also examined. This work could provide useful guidance for not only the performance comparison of the hybrid battery thermal management systems reported in different studies, but also the future designs of the cyclic charging-discharging tests.6Sun, Yanhong; Li, Xiaofang; Mao, Yingchi; Fang, WeihuaRPROXZONE: One Cloud Computing System for Support PaaS in Energy Power ApplicationsOCloud computing; PAAS; Elastic sites; Flexible strategies; Message transmissionAs a core of the cloud computing, PaaS (Platform as a Service) provides a computing and software service platform to support large-scale cloud services. This paper presents one cloud computing system, PROXZONE and introduces its architecture, service interface, user and service administration. We focus on its working ways of cloud scheduling service, cloud uniform authorization service and cloud message service. PROXZONE has been used in state grid management.EWang, Qirui; Lei, Sufen; Deng, Daijie; Yan, Yuting; Xu, Li; Li, HenanP-doped NiFe2O4/Ni3S2 heterojunction as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for solar-driven electrolytic water splittingHeterogeneous interface; Heteroatom doping; Bifunctional electrocatalyst; Overall splitting water; Solar-driven electrolytic water splittingThe development of efficient, stable and cost-effective electrocatalysts is crucial for hy                          ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                            ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                            ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~  drogen production from electrolyzed water. Herein, the P-doped NiFe2O4/Ni3S2 heterojunction (P-NiFe2O4/Ni3S2) was constructed on iron foam by a combined strategy of hydrothermal synthesis, vapor deposition and electrodeposition. The introduced P atoms optimized the electronic structure and enhanced the conductivity of P-NiFe2O4/Ni3S2. The unique heterostructure of P-NiFe2O4/Ni3S2 exposed more active sites and facilitated the charge transfer. The PNiFe2O4/Ni3S2 demonstrated the excellent oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction potentials of 229 and 122 mV at 100 mA cm-2, respectively. The electrolyzed water device with the P-NiFe2O4/Ni3S2 maintained the stability of over 40 h. In-situ Raman analyses indicates that the surface of P-NiFe2O4/Ni3S2 reconstructed into NiOOH active species during OER process. As both the cathode and anode, the P-NiFe2O4/ Ni3S2 endowed the overall water splitting a voltage of 1.49 V at 10 mA cm- 2. The P-NiFe2O4/Ni3S2-based water electrolysis derived by a solar cell exhibited a high solar-derived hydrogen production efficiency of 15.43 %.HWang, Feng; Wang, Tao; He, Yafeng; Yu, Zhiqiang; Shen, Yiming; Kang, MinNumerical simulation and experimental research on through-mask electrochemical machining of micro-dimple arrays using inner-jet cathodes~Through-mask electrochemical machining; micro-dimple arrays; inner-jet cathodes; numerical simulation; processing adaptability5MICROSTRUCTURE; IMPROVEMENT; ACCURACY; QUALITY; ALLOYThe surface micro-dimple arrays can effectively improve the friction and lubrication performance of moving parts and are widely used in cutting tools and mechanical transmissions. Through-mask electrochemical machining (TMECM) is a process that uses the anodic dissolution principle to remove materials at low temperatures. It is suitable for efficiently processing large-area micro-dimple arrays on metal surfaces. However, the previous TMECM method still suffers from the problem of low processing adaptability. In this paper, a new method for scanning-< cathode TMECM by utilizing the fluid dynamic pressure effect was proposed, and the flow field and electric field models of various inner-jet cathodes were developed as well. Through numerical simulations of the flow field and electric field, the flow velocity, electrolyte pressure, and current density distributions for different inner-jet cathodes were investigated to determine an appropriate cathode. Contrasting experiments were conducted to investigate the variations in electrolyte flow states and machining currents for different inner-jet cathodes. Additionally, the changes in micro-dimple dimensions under different machining parameters were investigated. Moreover, the micro-dimple arrays of 385.7 mu m in diameter and 111.8 mu m in depth, 288.8 mu m in diameter and 40.3 mu m in depth, and micro-dimple arrays with an etching factor of 1.69 were fabricated, and the results demonstrated the good processing adaptability of the scanning-cathode TMECM.VWang, Xiang; Yu, Wenjie; Xie, Yixin; He, Yanfeng; Xu, Hui; Chu, Xianxiang; Li, ChangfuNumerical Simulation of the Dynamic Behavior of Low Permeability Reservoirs Under Fracturing-Flooding Based on a Dual-Porous and Dual-Permeable Media Model\fracturing-flooding; numerical simulation; multi-cycle fracturing-flooding; dynamic behaviorIn recent years, fracturing-flooding technology has achieved a series of successful practices in the development of low-permeability oil reservoirs. However, research on the dynamic behavior of fracturing-flooding remains limited. In this paper, a dual medium model considering anisotropic characteristics is established for the target blocks. Multiple sets of conventional water injection transitions and multi-cycle fracturing-flooding operations are designed for simulation to explore the subsequent optimal operational schemes. Simulations are conducted on the optimal transitions between conventional water injection and multi-cycle fracturing-flooding schemes for different reservoir models with varying physical properties to study the dynamic behavior of fracturing-flooding in oil reservoirs with different properties. The results indicate that, for conventional water injection schemes, the optimal transition time for both the target well group and other reservoirs with different properties corresponds to a formation pressure coefficient between 1.2 and 1.3, with the optimal injection-production ratio being 1:1. From the perspective of water cut, the accumulated oil production of multi-cycle fracturing-flooding is higher than that of conventional water injection. The optimal multi-cycle fracturing-flooding schemes for both the target well group and other reservoirs with different properties are to start fracturing-flooding when the formation pressure coefficient is around 0.8 and to begin production when it reaches 1.4.:Wang, Yunzhi; Sun, Fei; Chen, Jun; Cai, Huafeng; Gao, Shen{Novel Series-Parallel Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converters with Auxiliary LC Networks to Achieve Wide Lagging-Leg ZVS Rangephase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB); zero-voltage switching (ZVS); series-parallel PSFB converter; input-parallel output-series (IPOS); LC auxiliary branchYDC-DC CONVERTER; LLC RESONANT CONVERTER; ZERO-VOLTAGE; FILTER REQUIREMENT; OUTPUT; DESIGN;Under light load conditions, the phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter often has difficulty in realizing the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the lagging-leg by relying on the energy of its resonant inductor; however, for the series-parallel PSFB converter applied in high-power applications, the lagging-leg still has the problem of difficult realization of ZVS. Based on this, the paper analyzes the reasons why the series-parallel PSFB converter has difficulty in achieving ZVS for the lagging-leg under light and heavy loads. Under interleaved control, the ZVS of the lagging-leg over the full load range is realized by adding an auxiliary LC branch at the midpoint of the lagging-leg of both submodules. Based on the double-bridge input-parallel-output-series (IPOS) PSFB converter, analyzing the working principle of the circuit<  after adding the auxiliary LC branch and extending it to the series-parallel PSFB converter. The design requirements of the LC auxiliary branch of the dual-bridge series-parallel PSFB converter are given and the effects of the LC auxiliary branch on the module operating state and device stress are analyzed. On this basis, an extension is carried out to give the working principle and design method of the auxiliary LC branch of the N-bridge series-parallel PSFB converter. Finally, a 100 kW Matlab/Simulink simulation model verifies the superior performance of the proposed LC auxiliary branch to realize the lagging-leg ZVS of the series-parallel PSFB converter under light and heavy loads and achieves a 1.09% peak efficiency improvement at rated load.+Jiang, W.; Chang, R. C.; Yang, N.; Ding, M.WMovement mechanisms for transport aircraft during severe clear-air turbulence encountermClear-air turbulence; Flight data recorder (FDR); Flight environment; Fuzzy-logic modeling; Inertial couplingFUZZYThe objective of this paper is to present the movement mechanisms of transport aircraft response to severe clear-air turbulence to obtain the loss of control prevention for pilot training in IATA - Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) program. The transport aircraft in transonic flight is subjected to severe clear-air turbulence, resulting in a sudden plunging motion with the abrupt change in flight attitude and gravitational acceleration. The comparative analyses of the flight environment and aircraft response to severe clear-air turbulence for two four-jet aircraft are studied. The one with a larger dropped-off altitude during the plunging motion will be chosen to construct the movement mechanism. The nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic model of the chosen transport is established through flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling of artificial intelligence technique based on post-flight data. The crosswind before the turbulence encounter will easily induce a rolling motion and then the sudden plunging motion during the turbulence encounter. The influences of the varying vertical wind and crosswind on loss of control are presented. To formulate preventive actions, the situation awareness of varying crosswind encountering for the operational pilot will be studied further in the future. The present study is initiated to examine the possible mitigation concepts of accident prevention for the pilot training course of IATA - Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) program.Yang, Yan; Zhou, QiangbModeling and Simulation of Crude Oil Sea-River Transshipment System in China's Yangtze River Basindiscrete event system modeling; entity-relationship diagram; witness simulation software; crude oil sea-river transshipment; Yangtze River BasinXMANUFACTURING SYSTEMS; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; BERTH ALLOCATION; TRANSPORT; MANAGEMENT; ROUTEChina's Yangtze River Basin has an increasingly strong demand for crude oil. As a seaborne import port for crude oil, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port is under pressure to undertake the transshipment of crude oil to various oil terminals in the Yangtze River Basin. To alleviate the stress of crude oil transportation in Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, the port operator proposed the crude oil sea-river transshipment scheme in Nantong Port. Therefore, this paper aims to verify the feasibility of this scheme. We used the discrete event system modeling and entity relationship diagram method to construct the hierarchical and concept models of the Yangtze River Basin's crude oil sea-river transportation system. Furthermore, we developed corresponding simulation modules on the Witness platform and carried out a simulation experiment of the crude oil sea-river transfer scheme. In the experiment, we analyzed the influence of the transshipment ratio on berth utilization, waiting time, and sailing time of other ports by adjusting the parameter of the transshipment ratio. The experimental results show that when the transshipment rate reaches 100%, the utilization rates of loading and unloading berth in Nantong Port are 4% and 13%, respectively, which evidences that Nantong<  Port has transshipment potential. At the same time, the simulation experiment's statistical indicators, such as the utilization rate of oil berths, the queuing time of oil tankers, and the sailing time, not only confirm the feasibility of the crude oil sea-river transshipment scheme of Nantong Port but also confirm that the scheme is helpful to improve crude oil transportation efficiency. The simulation results benefit the port operation decision, and the established model and simulation module can be encapsulated and reused.EChen, Xi; Wang, Qi; Chen, Wengang; Sun, Jianzhe; He, Yafeng; Guo, HuneMining method for cutting force coefficient with the impact of tool vibration and machine tool system[Tool vibration; cutting force coefficients; machine tool system; data conversion; machiningThe cutting characteristics observed in machining processes are significantly influenced by a combination of various dynamic parameters as well as the overall machine tool system in use. This paper introduces a cutting force coefficient mining method that considers the impact of tool vibration and machine tool system. Firstly, a basic cutting model was established based on orthogonal cutting. Obtained the cutting force coefficient for orthogonal cutting. Subsequently, the dynamic undeformed chip thickness data was integrated to reflect the influence of tool vibration during the machining process. Additionally, due to the replacement of the machine tool, correction factors have been introduced to consider the impact of the machine tool system. Finally, a comparative analysis was conducted with other methods for calibrating cutting force coefficients. The prediction accuracy of the proposed model has been validated, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately predicting dynamic cutting forces.%Jiang, Fuhua; Cao, Guipin; Zhang, YanSFLAME CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCED BY THE ANGLE OF BURNERS FOR NON-PREMIXED C3H8- AIRTHERMAL SCIENCENblow-out limit; flame stability; flame shape; flame length; non-premixed flame)COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS; METHANE; STEPThe study of micro flame characteristics is an essential basis for developing micro combustors. Therefore, the non-premixed C3H8-air micro flame characteristics were experimentally studied. Flame length, flame shape, and blow-out limit were studied by varying the equivalence ratio, Phi, the inlet velocity of C3H8-air, nu, and angles of the burner. The results showed ignited non-premixed C3H8-air had three combustion states: no flame, a stable flame, and a blow-out flame. Whether ignited non-premixed C3H8-air could form a stable flame mainly depended on Phi and nu. In addition, total flame lengths increased with the increase of Phi and nu firstly. However, when Phi increased to a certain value, total flame lengths were independent of Phi and only affected by nu. Moreover, flame length and shape were affected by the angle of the burner. Instead, the blow-out limit was found to be associated solely with Phi, but not the burner angle. The findings of this study provided fundamental data for the development of high-efficiency micro combustors.*Jiang, Feng; Tao, Li; Geng, Long; Xu, Tong`Evaluation of Pipe Cracks Based on Cloud Contour of Three-Dimensional Induced Eddy Current FieldPEddy current magnetic field; pipe; cloud contour of magnetic induction intensityCURRENT NDT; PROBE; COILConsidering the problem of non-destructive testing and quantitative evaluation of metal materials, an electromagnetic method for visual and quantitative eval-uation of surface defects on metal pipe is proposed in this paper. The dual-excitation probe with the combina-tion of arc-shaped and rectangular coils is constructed. The eddy current magnetic field on the outer cylindri-cal surface of metal pipe is calculated and analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics finite-element software, and then the influences of crack location and geometric parameters on three-dimensional magnetic field charac-teristics are studied. The results show that the cloud contours constructed by the magnetic induction intensity norm can accurately evaluate the inf< ormation such as the location, size, depth, and orientation of the surface crack. In addition, the cloud contours constructed separately by the magnetic induction intensity in three directions can be used for auxiliary judgment to further determine the relevant important parameters of the surface crack to be tested.7Wang, Lijun; Zha, Donglan; O'Mahony, Tadhg; Zhou, DequnxEnergy efficiency lags and welfare boons: Understanding the rebound and welfare effects through China's urban households&RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS[Rebound effect; Energy efficiency; Welfare effect; Household consumption; LA-AIDS; EEIO-LCARESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY USE; CONSUMERS-SURPLUS; US HOUSEHOLDS; DEMAND; CONSUMPTION; IMPACTS; POLICY; REQUIREMENTS; EMISSIONS; FOODImproving efficiency is a core measure to reduce energy demand and associated emissions, yet actual performance invariably lags expectations. This is widely understood to occur due to the rebound effect, where the cost savings from improving efficiency are spent on other energy and emissions-generating activities. Notwithstanding the environmental negative of rebound, its associated potential welfare benefit is less understood, thus complicating the analysis of sustainable development outcomes. To develop a deeper understanding of rebound and associated welfare effects, this study innovates by considering both in a unified framework using a hybrid methodology and Taylor expansion. The consumer welfare effect is specified in dual form to the rebound effect, and a classification of four consumer types is obtained accordingly. The methodology is applied to China's urban households from 1995 to 2018. The rebound effects for carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates emissions, are found to be in the range of 77-80 %. The welfare effect, a potentially desirable outcome, is estimated to be 4 %. The results demonstrate that rebound has drained most of the expected environmental improvement, while simultaneously generating a substantial consumer welfare benefit associated with energy consumption. It is concluded that the average urban resident in China can be appropriately characterised as 'insufficient in demand', implying a challenge to short-run transition. The conceptual and analytical novelty of the study can support the proposal of innovative policy recommendations, through re-aligned energy efficiency policies, that can minimise rebound, while improving welfare in parallel.)Shen, Yan; Zhang, Hong; Xu, Hui; Yu, PingZEffect of compressed thickness on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of metal felt wick/INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERoHigh temperature heat pipe; Metal felt wick; Capillary pumping performance; Heat transfer; Compressed thicknessDARCIAN FORCED-CONVECTION; GAS-DIFFUSION LAYERS; HEAT-TRANSFER; NATURAL-CONVECTION; CONTACT RESISTANCE; BIPOROUS WICKS; CHANNELS; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATIONGThe influence of compressed thicknesses on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of metal felt used in high temperature heat pipe solar receiver was investigated by hydraulic characteristic experiment with water and thermal numerical simulation in annular porous media with liquid metal sodium. The experimental results showed that the capillary pumping amount first increased and then decreased, and capillary force increased as compressed thickness decreased. The effective capillary radiuses were 69 mu m at 1 mm, 176 mu m at 2 mm, 218 mu m at 3 mm and 274 mu m at 4 mm, in good agreement with calculated values. The simulation results showed that the drag coefficient and Nusselt number were increased by decreasing compressed thickness. To obtain the large capillary force, high liquid storage capacity, small flow resistance and good thermal performance, the optimum compressed thicknesses of metal felt were 2-3 mm, which were 33-50% of initial thicknesses, and could well adapt to heat pipe solar receivers in high heat flux working condition. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.sDynamic stress analysis of circular cavity in density inhomogeneous multi< -layer soil structures containing a canyon"JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICSDensity inhomogeneous multi-layer soil structures; Dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF); Graf's addition theorem; Large-arc assume method; SH wave; V-shaped canyonThis study addresses the dynamic behavior of a circular tunnel in inhomogeneous multi-layer soil structures with complex boundary conditions. First, we consider two types of inhomogeneous density: density varies with the square term of coordinates, and density varies with the exponential term of coordinates. By introducing new variables, the variable coefficient Helmholtz equation is transformed into standard form. Then, SH wave is considered as a seismic wave acting on multi-layer soil structures. On the basis of series expansion method, the analytical expression of scattering wave in each soil layer is conducted, and the analytical expression of standing wave is established, which satisfies the stress-free conditions on the boundaries of V-shaped canyon by the fractional Bessel function expansion method and Graf addition theorem. Finally, large-arc assume method is applied, the multi-layer soil structures are divided into three parts along the horizontal interface, the straight boundaries are converted into curved boundaries, and the expressions of scattering waves caused by curved boundaries are obtained. The integral equations are set up through boundary conditions and solved by applying orthogonal function expansion technique and effective truncation. The calculation results analyzed and discussed the dynamic stress concentration factor of tunnel in different soil layers. Besides, the analytical solutions are compared with the finite element solutions to verify the accuracy of the conclusions in this article.ILuo, Junhui; Miao, Linchang; Li, Renjue; Shi, Wenbo; Chen, Yinan; Yan, Bo_Development and verification of time-dependent bounding surface model under metro dynamic loadsJOURNAL OF VIBROENGINEERINGRmetro dynamic loads; dynamic characteristics; vibration; soft clay; time-dependentwPLASTICITY MODEL; IMPLICIT INTEGRATION; SHEAR MODULUS; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; SETTLEMENT; IMPLEMENTATION; DEGRADATION; CLAYS4To study the dynamic characteristics of soft soil foundation under the long-term metro dynamic loads, modified model based on the bounding surface model was presented. The Mesri creep formula was introduced into the bounding surface model, then it could not only consider the effects of time but also could describe the soil's arbitrary shear stress levels. The modified bounding surface model was derived using the Newton-Raphson method and the secondary development of the model was conducted. Meanwhile, in order to verify the model, the dynamic triaxial tests of the soft soil were conducted by GDS dynamic triaxial equipment and the metro dynamic loads were simulated during dynamic triaxial tests. Then, the numerical simulation of modified bounding surface model was carried out for soft soil and the numerical results were compared with the test results. The results show that the time-dependent bounding surface model provides a more accurate calculation for the dynamic strain, and establishes a theoretical foundation for predicting the settlement of the soft soil.[Li, Dawei; Wang, Tao; Yin, Xiaolei; Li, Jiamei; Yu, Hui; Wang, Li; Lu, Xingqiang; Xu, GuangeDesign of Third-Order Dispersion Compensation for the SG PW Laser System Using a Birefringent Crystalthird-order dispersion compensation; birefringent crystal; SG PW laser system; temporal contrast; shape fidelity; multi-PW laserGCHIRPED-PULSE AMPLIFICATION; FEMTOSECOND PULSE; FILTER; STRETCHER; PAIRYThis study aims to update the existing SG PW laser system and improve the temporal contrast and shape fidelity of a compressed pulse with a 150 fs level for multi-PW (5-10 PW). The design of third-order dispersion (TOD) compensation via a birefringent crystal was studied through numerical simulations and experiments. The dispersions introduced by the birefringent crystal were calculated using the Jones matrix element by changing the in-pla< ne rotation angle phi, thickness d, incident angle theta, and temperature T, while also considering the transmission spectral bandwidth. The group-velocity dispersion (GVD), TOD, and fourth-order dispersion (FOD) of the existing SG PW laser system and its influence on the compressed pulse with different pulse durations were analyzed. The results suggest that a TOD of 1.3 x 10(6) fs(3) needs to compensate for the multi-PW design. The compensation scheme is designed using a quartz crystal of d = 6.5 mm, theta= 90 degrees, phi = 17 degrees, and T = 21 degrees C, corresponding to the thickness, inclination angle, in-plane rotation angle, and temperature, respectively. Furthermore, we show a principle-proof experiment offline and measure the GVD and TOD by the Wizzler, which is based on theoretical simulations. These results can be applied to independently and continuously control the TOD of short-pulse laser systems. Shi, XiangQDesign and simulation analysis of THz wave parabolic antenna with beam deflectionDINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING_antenna beam deflection; antenna beam steering; Cassegrain antenna; parabolic antenna; THz waveIn THz wave detection, such as in the imaging and communication technology applications, it is often necessary to deflect the antenna beam direction to achieve beam steering or antenna orientation characteristics. In this work, the design, fabrication, simulation and analysis of two different kinds of 360 GHz THz wave parabolic antennas is presented. The antenna beam is deflected in a specified direction by using the deflection of the reflector. The directional deflection of the antenna beam is obtained by deflecting the reflector of the antenna. The simulation results and analysis performed in this work provides an insight into the theoretical and practical basis for the future applications of THz wave technology.e22606OHua, Hongliang; Wu, Xiaofeng; Shi, Naiyu; Zhang, Jing; Zhao, Che; Zhu, ZhongkuibDesign and evaluation of a novel dual-channel complementary potentiometer for rotation measurementQMeasurement; Inherent nonlinearity; Potentiometer; Signal processing; CalibrationTEMPERATURE; NETWORK*The main objective of this work is to develop a novel Dual-Channel Complementary (DCC) potentiometer to enhance the measurement accuracy of the conventional rotational potentiometer. Its principle is utilizing the complementary characteristic of the signals, which exist a specific phase offset, from different channels to reduce the effect of their inherent nonlinearity on measurement accuracy, and increase the measurement accuracy. A data-driven multi-channel information fusion method has been proposed to fuse the signals of the Dual-Channel Complementary (DCC) potentiometer, which could achieve data fusion and sensor nonlinearity calibration in one go. Prototype has been developed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed DCC principle and information fusion method. Experimental results reveal that compared to the conventional rotational potentiometer, the RMS value of the measurement error of the DCC potentiometer could achieve a reduction of about 99.5%. The overall measurement performance of the DCC potentiometer could be significantly enhanced.(Cao, Gui-Ping; Zhuang, Ya-Feng; Wang, LiComparative study on the electrocatalytic performance of different catalysts supported on activated carbon particle electrodes in a three-dimensional electrode cellElectrocatalytic performance; Single-component catalyst; Double-component catalyst; Triple-component catalyst; Particle electrodesWASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT; METHYL-ORANGE; DYE SOLUTION; REACTOR; REMOVAL; DEGRADATION; EFFLUENTS; PHENOL; ACIDThe electrocatalytic performance of different catalysts loaded on activated carbon particle electrodes via an impregnation method was investigated through the degradation of methyl orange in a three-dimensional electrode cell. Mn, Co, Zn, Sn, and Sb catalysts were chosen to study the electrocatalytic performance of single-component catalysts. The results indicated<  that 0.4 mol/L Mn and 0.2 mol/L Sb catalysts exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities, whereas the electrocatalytic performance of 0.6 mol/L Zn catalyst was the worst among the catalysts investigated. The electrocatalytic performance of single-component catalysts was related to their concentrations and structures. The electrocatalytic performance of double-component catalysts, Co-Mn, Sn-Mn, and Sb-Mn, was also investigated. Compared with the single-component catalyst Mn, the degradation half-life with the Sn-Mn and Sb-Mn catalysts decreased from 11.3 to 7.4 min and 5.1 min, respectively. In contrast, the half-life with the Co-Mn catalyst increased from 11.3 to 14.9 min. The combination of two catalytic components produced synergetic or antagonistic effects on the electrocatalytic performance of the resulting double-component catalyst. The triple-component catalyst, Sn-Sb-Mn, did not further improve the electrocatalytic performance of the corresponding double-component catalysts because of agglomeration occurring at the electrode surface. The incorporation of an excessive amount of components was not conducive to enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of catalyst. The possible mechanism for the differences in the electrocatalytic performance of different catalysts was discussed in detail.0Liang, Can; Jia, Zijian; Xiao, Lizhi; Guo, AohuaApplication Limits and Influencing Factors in Characterization of Rock Cores Using the Phase-Encoded T2-y Method in Low-Field NMR4FREE INDUCTION DECAY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DIFFUSION; MRI The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) technique proves valuable in determining porosity, permeability, pore size, and wettability through T-2 measurements in rocks. Recently, there has been growing interest in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (LF MRI) technology, which can provide sliced T-2 distributions and position profiles for the oil industry. However, there is a lack of detailed observation and discussion on the relevant application limitations and influencing factors. This work addresses this gap by presenting a comprehensive experiment and numerical investigation aimed at exploring T-2-y maps for high-porosity sandstone and low-porosity dolomite cores using a phase-encoded T-2 imaging method. First, experiments were conducted to obtain sliced porosity and permeability for estimating rock heterogeneity along the core height. It was noted that T-2 components shorter than 0.3 ms were overlooked, leading to underestimated NMR porosity when comparing MRI-projected T-2 distributions with bulk T-2 distributions. Then, typical micropore modeling and magnetization evolution were employed to simulate and discuss factors, affecting the accuracy of the MRI T-2 spectra and image profiles. These factors include the off-resonance frequency caused by the external static magnetic field or internal field, the imaging-encoded time, the excitation pulse angle, the refocusing pulse angle, and gradient properties. The results showed that field inhomogeneity significantly influenced MRI-T-2 relaxation, particularly at high off-resonance frequencies. It was found that minimizing the image-encoded time is ideal for measuring short relaxation components. Additionally, the excitation pulse angle greatly impacted the amplitude of the T-2 distributions, whereas the refocusing pulse angle affected both the amplitude and the peak values of the T-2 spectra, especially in higher magnetic field inhomogeneity. Increasing gradient strength and duration were beneficial for imaging profiles but detrimental to the T-2 distribution and porosity. The investigation offers both practical guidance and theoretical insight for undertaking T-2-y measurements in rocks, facilitating the optimization of the pulse sequence and the acquisition conditions, as well as the manipulation of the magnetization data.Zhang, Xi-Meng; Qi, HuiRAnti-plane stress analysis for V-notch in a piezomagnetic half space under SH wave7ZAMM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIKSCATTERING; PLATE In this paper, the anti-plane stress analy< sis of a V-notch with complex boundary conditions in a piezomagnetic half space is studied. Firstly, SH wave is considered as an external load acting on piezomagnetic half space, on the basis of repeated image superposition, the analytical expression of scattering wave is conducted, which satisfies the boundary conditions on the boundary of the half space. Then, the analytical expression of standing wave is established, which satisfies the stress free and magnetic insulation conditions on the boundaries of V-notch by the fractional Bessel function expansion method and Graf addition theorem. Finally, Green's function method is applied, the half space is divided into two parts along the vertical interface, a pair of in-plane magnetic field and out-plane forces are applied on the vertical interface, and the first kind of Fredholm integral equations are set up and solved by applying orthogonal function expansion technique and effective truncation. Results clarified the influence on the dynamic stress concentration factor and magnetic field intensity concentration factor under proper conditions. Besides, the analytical solutions are compared with the finite element solutions to verify the accuracy of the conclusions in this article.ALi, Jiannan; Yan, Jian; Zhou, Yiyi; Yang, Shulan; Singh, AmardeepAnalyzing the effects of size and density on the ultimate compressive strength of structural laminated bamboo parallel to the grainULaminated bamboo; Mechanical strength; Multifractal scaling law; Descriptive modelingVMECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ENGINEERED BAMBOO; BEHAVIOR; LUMBER; FRACTURE; COLUMN; CAPACITYConsidering the influence of natural flaws of raw materials and procedures, the size effect is an inherent characteristic that is critical when applying most construction materials. This study focuses primarily on the compressive properties of laminated bamboo, which has become increasingly popular in construction due to its durability and strength. Two specimen sizes (25 x 25 x 100 mm and 50 x 50 x 200 mm) and three densities (0.60, 0.67, and 0.69 g/cm3) were evaluated under uniaxial compression. As a result of this study, the size effect is examined in terms of failure mode, mechanical property, data distribution, and description model, as well as introducing the size effect model with density in an innovative manner. To investigate the effect of specimen size on compressive strength along the grain direction, data analyses were performed. These analyses included failure mechanism analysis, distribution testing, and descriptive model development. According to the results, the compressive strength decreases with increasing dimensions, averaging 62.29 MPa-56.93 MPa, with a decrease rate of 8.60 %, although the failure modes are seldom different. In accordance with the increase in density, the rate of strength reduction also increases, and shows an approximate linear relationship with density. With the change in size, the distribution of the data changes, resulting in a reduction of up to 13.34 % in the standard value. The weakness-link model is better suited for describing data than fracture energy models and fractal theory models, based on which reduction ratios are predicted. By adding density to the size effect model, a more accurate prediction model can be derived between size, density, and compressive strength. As a result of these investigations, we will gain a better understanding of the gap between small clear specimens and large members, as well as those key influences necessary to optimize the use of laminated bamboo in structural applications.zAnalysis on scattering characteristics of SH guided wave due to V-notch in a piezoelectric/piezomagnetic bi-material strip CRACKS; PLATEIn this paper, the problem of a V-notch with complex boundary conditions in a piezoelectric/piezomagnetic bi-material strip is studied. Firstly, SH guided wave is considered as an external load acting on piezoelectric/piezomagnetic bi-material strip, on the basis of repeated image superposition, the analytical expression of scattering wave is conducted, which < satisfies the boundary conditions on the upper and lower horizontal boundaries of the strip. Then, the analytical expression of standing wave is established, which satisfies the stress-free, electric insulation and magnetic insulation conditions on the boundaries of V-notch by the fractional Bessel function expansion method and Graf addition theorem. Finally, Green's function method is applied, the bi-material strip is divided into two parts along the vertical interface, a pair of in-plane electric field, in-plane magnetic field and out-of-plane forces are applied on the vertical interface, and the first kind of Fredholm integral equations are set up and solved by applying orthogonal function expansion technique and effective truncation. Results clarified the influence on the dynamic stress concentration factor, electric field intensity concentration factor and magnetic field intensity concentration factor under proper conditions. Besides, the analytical solutions are compared with the finite element solutions to verify the accuracy of the conclusions in this article.lAnalysis on scattering characteristics of SH guided wave due to V-notch in a piezoelectric bi-material strip#MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDSPiezoelectric bi-material strip; V-notch; SH guided wave; fractional Bessel function expansion method; Graf addition theorem; dynamic stress concentration factor; electric field intensity concentration factorCRACKSIIn this paper, the problem of a V-notch with complex boundary conditions in a piezoelectric bi-material strip is studied. First, SH guided wave is considered as an external load acting on the piezoelectric bi-material strip; on the basis of repeated image superposition, the analytical expression of scattering wave is conducted, which satisfies the stress-free and electric insulation conditions on the upper and lower horizontal boundaries of the strip. Then, the analytical expression of standing wave is established, which satisfies the stress-free and electric insulation conditions on the boundaries of V-notch by the fractional Bessel function expansion method and Graf addition theorem. Finally, Green's function method is applied, the bi-material strip is divided into two parts along the vertical interface, a pair of in-plane electric field and out-plane forces is applied on the vertical interface, and the first kind of Fredholm integral equations is set up and solved by applying the orthogonal function expansion technique and effective truncation. Results clarified the influence on the dynamic stress concentration factor and electric field intensity concentration factor under proper conditions. Besides, the analytical solutions are compared with the finite element solutions to verify the accuracy of the conclusions in this article.>Chen, Yongjiang; Zhao, Jianghai; Yuan, Chuangfan; Sun, JingkaiuAnalysis of contact characteristics of ball screws under the combined loads considering non-uniform load distributionVBall screw; Overturning moment; Nonuniform load distribution; Distribution fluctuation STIFFNESSnAn analysis model of the contact characteristics of the double-nut preloaded ball screw which can consider the combined action of the axial load and the overturning moment is established, the model can consider non-uniform load distribution, and the validity of the model is verified by experiments. Based on this model, the influence of the combined action of axial load and overturning moment on the average value and distribution fluctuation value of the contact angle of the ball screw, the number of unloaded balls, the distribution fluctuation value of the contact load, and the static contact stiffness and other contact parameters are systematically analyzed, and get the following conclusions: The contact parameters of the ball screw are mainly affected by the axial load and the contact state between the ball and the raceway. The gradually increasing axial load basically reduces the influence of the overturning moment on the contact parameters of the ball screw. There is a critical value of the load in the axial < direction within the range of the action value of the preload load. Only when the critical value is above the critical value, the contact parameters will change regularly with the changes in the axial stiffness and overturning moment. However, different critical values for the regular variation of contact parameters with axial load and overturning moment vary.FXu, Ji; Xu, Feng; Lou, Chenxukun; Zhang, Liping; Guo, Hun; Zuo, DunwenPAn image fusion-based method for recovering the 3D shape of roll surface defects"MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY@image fusion; NSST; m-PCNN; 3D reconstruction; defect morphologyRECONSTRUCTION; STEREOqMost of the existing studies on roll surface defects focus on qualitative detection and lack quantitative analysis, while the commonly used methods for detecting the three-dimensional shape of small objects such as defects are the stylus method, laser scanning method, and structured light scanning method, but these methods are difficult to accurately measure the complex defect variations on the roll surface. In this paper, we propose a method for recovering the 3D shape of roll surface defects based on image fusion. The traditional 3D reconstruction problem is transformed into a 2D image fusion problem using a focusing method. The non-subsampled shear wave transform is used as the base algorithm for image fusion, combined with an enhanced fusion strategy called modified multi-state pulse-coupled neural network to obtain a fully focused image. The method achieves 3D shape recovery of defects by modeling the relationship between the defect depth, the fully focused image, and the original image. To evaluate the performance of the method, experiments were carried out using data involving craters and scratches on the roll surface. This method significantly improves the quality of defect detection images, with a 98% better gradient and a 28% increase in overall image quality. Additionally, it keeps 3D reconstruction errors under 4%, ensuring high accuracy and noise resistance.4Jiang, Wei; Chang, Ray C.; Yang, Ning; Ding, MingweiyAn Investigation of Sudden Plunging Motion Mechanisms for Transport Aircraft during Severe Clear-Air Turbulence EncounterThe main purpose of this paper is to study the flight dynamic mechanism that induced the sudden plunging motion for jet commercial transport in transonic flight during a severe clear-air turbulence encounter. The study of flight dynamic mechanism is to obtain the mitigation concepts for pilot training in loss of control prevention of the IATA program. The comparative analyses of flight environment and pilot control response to severe clear-air turbulence encounter for two similar twin-jet aircraft and two four-jet aircraft are studied. The one with highest dropped-off altitude during the sudden plunging motion among the four will be chosen to construct the flight dynamic mechanism. The nonlinear and dynamic aerodynamic models of the chosen transport are established through flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling based on postflight data. The influences of varying vertical wind and crosswind on loss of control are presented. The source of significant angles of attack to be induced by the crosswind during the sudden plunging motion is proved through the flight dynamic analysis based on model predicted data. The present study is initiated to examine possible mitigation concepts on loss of control prevention in pilot training of IATA.;Zhou, Yating; Abbaslou, Siamak; Gatdula, Robert; Jiang, WeitAmplitude and phase transmission characteristics of parallel-coupled dual racetrack silicon microresonator structure2silicon photonic device; dual racetrack; resonatorOPTICAL MODULATORGParallel-coupled dual racetrack silicon microresonator structures are fabricated and characterized. With an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the full information of amplitude and phase of the structure is obtained experimentally. The spectral characteristics of the amplitude and phase are shown to be in reasonable agreement with simulation results, considering possible small structu< re variations in fabrication. The structure is potentially useful for developing modulators for advanced modulation formats. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)fDu, Xiaojiao; Ji, Xingyu; Hong, Jingyu; Shao, Jiahao; Shi, Ruijie; Lu, Qiuyi; Jiang, Xiaoyan; Sun, JunA mediator and spatial-resolution induced dual-ratiometric self-powered photoelectrochemical aptasensor for accurate detection of antibioticsQSelf-powered Sensors; Dual-ratiometric; Spatial Resolution; Self-checking; K2S2O8-SENSITIVE DETECTION; PLATFORM; DESIGN; SENSORdThis work reports a dual-ratiometric self-powered photoelectrochemical sensor (SPPS) by the combination of the photocathode with potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as mediator and the photoanode with spatial-resolution technique. The key point is to utilize the activation and conversion of K2S2O8 as a mediator to generate two power peaks (P-Max1 and P-Max2) simultaneously. Spatial-resolution technique offers reference signals (P-Max3 and P-Max4) for two power peaks, respectively. With chloramphenicol (CAP) as model analytes, a dual-ratiometric SPPS was developed with aptamer as recognition unit. Briefly, the specific capture of CAP increased the power peaks gradually to produce sensing signals which is capable of quantifying CAP. The sensor can provide two sets of sensing signals related to the CAP concentration, i.e., P-Max1/P-Max3 (R = 0.997) and P-Max2/P-Max4 (R = 0.999) with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.29 pM. Compared with single-signal or single-ratiometric SPPS, the dual-ratiometric SPPS exhibits improved analytical performances, proposing a feasible way to realize self-checking and anti-interference."Gu, Siwen; Wang, Jiaan; Zhuang, YuPA Two-Tier Superstructure Model for Optimization of Microalgae-Based Biorefinerymicroalgae-based biorefinery; superstructure optimization; mixed integer nonlinear programming; circular economy; sustainability development6OPTIMAL-DESIGN; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; FRAMEWORK; BIOMASSMicroalgae have attracted great research interest as a feedstock for producing a wide range of end-products. However, recent studies show that the tight processing integration technology for microalgae-based biorefinery makes production less economical and even has a negative impact on sustainability. In this study, a new two-tier superstructure optimization design methodology is proposed to locate the optimal processing pathway. This model is developed based on the decomposition strategy and the relationship-based investigation, coupling an outer-tier structure with an inner-tier structure, wherein the outlet flows of the middle stages is relaxed and then an appropriate level of redundancy for designing the processing is provided. Two scenarios are developed to compare the most promising biorefinery configurations under two different design option favors. By solving the mixed integer nonlinear programming model with the objective functions of maximizing the yield of the desired products and maximizing the gross operating margin, the optimization results obtained show the ability of this framework to provide the promising configurations and cost-effectiveness of microalgae-based biorefinery. Compared with Scenario 1, the optimized solutions in Scenario 2 feature a gross operating margin increase up to 27.09% and an increase in product yield up to 25.00%. The proposed method improves the original huge computing scale and ensures economics without simplifying the processing pathways.Wang, Zheng-yi; Li, Peng-bo[A Novel Coal Burst Criterion of Anchored Roadway Surrounding Rock under Dynamic Disturbance MECHANISMMining roadway is the main occurrence area of coal bursts in underground coal mining. A good understanding of the failure process of elastic zone and energy evolution inducing instability of support structure can offer useful insight into the coal burst mechanism. This study proposes a novel coal burst criterion of anchored roadway surrounding rock under dynamic disturbance through mechanical modeling. The coal burst hazard and its main controlling factors were<  studied based on case analysis, and then the application of novel criterion in coal burst prevention and control was clarified. Results show that the existence of residual energy U-r of elastic zone is a prerequisite for coal burst of the roadway. The roadway support with ultimate value U-s of absorbed energy needs to resist and absorb the kinetic energy U-k released from a dynamic failure of elastic zone and the energy U-p imposed by impact-induced convergence of surrounding rocks on a support system, and the novel coal burst criterion is proposed as U-k + U-p > U-s. Under the same support conditions, the roadway roof is more prone to dynamic failure. According to the influences of main controlling factors on coal burst hazard, the corresponding prevention and control measures can be taken from improvement for the anti-impact capability of support, pressure relief in surrounding rocks, reduction of dynamic-loading energy, and roadway restoration after coal burst.PTao, Chongben; Jin, Yufeng; Cao, Feng; Zhang, Zufeng; Li, Chunguang; Gao, HanwenB3D Semantic VSLAM of Indoor Environment Based on Mask Scoring RCNN'DISCRETE DYNAMICS IN NATURE AND SOCIETYSLAMIn view of existing Visual SLAM (VSLAM) algorithms when constructing semantic map of indoor environment, there are problems with low accuracy and low label classification accuracy when feature points are sparse. This paper proposed a 3D semantic VSLAM algorithm called BMASK-RCNN based on Mask Scoring RCNN. Firstly, feature points of images are extracted by Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) algorithm. Secondly, map points of reference key frame are projected to current frame for feature matching and pose estimation, and an inverse depth filter is used to estimate scene depth of created key frame to obtain camera pose changes. In order to achieve object detection and semantic segmentation for both static objects and dynamic objects in indoor environments and then construct dense 3D semantic map with VSLAM algorithm, a Mask Scoring RCNN is used to adjust its structure partially, where a TUM RGB-D SLAM dataset for transfer learning is employed. Semantic information of independent targets in scenes provides semantic information including categories, which not only provides high accuracy of localization but also realizes the probability update of semantic estimation by marking movable objects, thereby reducing the impact of moving objects on real-time mapping. Through simulation and actual experimental comparison with other three algorithms, results show the proposed algorithm has better robustness, and semantic information used in 3D semantic mapping can be accurately obtained.>Deng, Jianghua; Hua, Linxin; Lu, Ye; Wang, Chenyang; Che, JiaoUnsupervised PG-DDPM-augmented mixed dataset for training an accurate concrete bridge crack detection model under small samplesConcrete bridges; Progressive growing denoising diffusion probabilistic model; Deep learning; Unsupervised data augmentation; Crack segmentationDAMAGE DETECTION; INSPECTION'Infrastructure inspections generally cannot provide sufficient data for model training to automate its procedure of damage detection. Therefore, this study proposed a two-stepped automated concrete crack segmentation method under small datasets. Firstly, the generative model, namely the Progressive Growing Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (PG-DDPM), trained by real crack images, was utilised to create pseudo-crack images for the unsupervised data augmentation to address the deficiency of datasets. Secondly, A crack segmentation model based on DeepLabv3+ network was trained with datasets mixed with real and generated crack images to verify the effectiveness of the PG-DDPM-augmented datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that when the original crack dataset is composed of 400 real images, adding 400 generated crack images improves the mPA of the DeepLabv3+ network by approximately 1.4 %. On the other hand, adding 1200 generated crack images to the dataset composed of 1200 real images marginally improves the mPA by approximat< ely 0.6 %.Jiang, Fuhua; Tao, JiayiqUV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen using potassium bromate as oxidantPAmmonia nitrogen; Nitrite; Griess reaction; Potassium bromate; Ammonia oxidation7ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; INDOPHENOL BLUE METHOD; WATERSAmmonia nitrogen is an essential parameter for indicating water quality. Herein, a simple, sensitive, reproducible, and accurate method was developed to monitor ammonia nitrogen. The principle of the method is to use an oxidant to convert ammonia nitrogen to nitrite, with nitrite determined via Griess method. Potassium bromate in alkaline conditions was confirmed to be a suitable oxidant. Also, an optimization in the main procedure of the method was conducted to gain high sensitivity. Furthermore, under the optimal conditions, the absorbance was good linear with the concentration of ammonia nitrogen over the range of 0-448 mu g center dot N center dot L-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of detection was 15.98 ng center dot N center dot L-1. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine ammonia nitrogen in natural water samples from Ming Lake at Changzhou Institute of Technology. Recoveries of 96.13%-100.58% were obtained.4Mao, Yingchi; Zhong, Haishi; Chen, Hao; Li, Xiaofang\Two-phase PT-Topk Query Processing Algorithm for Uncertain IOT Data in Dam Safety MonitoringOPT-Topk queries; x-tuple rule; Uncertain IOT data; Hierarchical sensor networksPUncertain data has become ubiquitous due to the development of Internet of Things (IOT) for collecting data in an imprecise way, such as in the dam safety monitoring applications. Efficient Top-k processing of uncertain data is an important requirement in the field of dam safety monitoring. In order to reduce energy consumption and query response time in the applications of IOTs, an uncertain data PT-Topk query processing scheme was studied in a hierarchical structural sensor network. Based on the x-tuple Rule of uncertain data, adopting intra-cluster and inter-cluster two phases query processing, a distributed Two-Phase PT-Topk Query Processing approximation algorithm (TPQP) was proposed. In the intra-cluster phase and inter-cluster phase, the local and global pruning upper bounds can be computed respectively. The data ranked lower than the two bounds cannot be forwarded to the sink node. Therefore, the proposed TPQP algorithm can reduce the transmission cost and shorten the query response time. The extensive experiment results demonstrate that TPQP can significantly reduce the transmission cost against the centralized algorithm by 87.51%, and shorten the query response time by 6%-31% and 35%-54% compared to BB and SSB, respectively. Meanwhile, TPQP can obtain the error rate below 5.5% in the different probability p and ranking number k. Gao, Shen]Theoretical comparison of effects of different cross fields on low pressure DC glow dischargeJOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS8Pressure; Magnetic field; Glow discharge; Plasma density$the mathematical models of glow discharge in transverse (y-direction) and axial (z-direction) magnetic fields are established in this paper. Firstly, Paschen's law is modified for different cross fields. The results show that the breakdown voltage first decreases and then increases with the increase of y-direction magnetic field at the same pressure. The breakdown voltage of glow discharge in z-direction magnetic field increases with the increase of magnetic field. Secondly, the effects of y-magnetic field and z-magnetic field on glow discharge are compared and analyzed by using the modified ionization coefficient. The results show that the plasma density has an extreme value under the combined action of y-direction magnetic field and air pressure. At the same pressure, the plasma density first increases and then decreases with the increase of magnetic field. The larger the magnetic field, the more obvious the plasma attenuation. In the z-direction magnetic field, the plasma density increases with the increase of air pressure or magnetic field.LTh< eoretical Analysis of Magnetic Pinch Glow Discharge Plasma at Low PressureFUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY<Glow discharge; magnetic field; plasma density; low pressure:In the process of electron beam and plasma interaction, the angular magnetic field produced by the electron beam affects the physical parameters of the plasma. In this paper, first, the Thomson ionization coefficient under the condition of cross field is derived. Second, based on a magnetohydrodynamics method, the axial distribution of plasma density in the positive column of low-pressure glow discharge under the magnetic field is deduced, and the effect of the angular magnetic field on glow discharge plasma is studied. Finally, the above results are verified by numerical simulation. The results show that when the pressure is 10 Pa, the plasma density first increases and then decreases with the increase of magnetic field. When the pressure is 0.1 Pa, the plasma density decreases with the increase of magnetic field.+Wang, Shaofeng; Deng, Fenglin; Bai, JianhuiLThe -symmetry and elastic equilibrium of a film in the theory of elasticity=The exact solution of the static equilibrium problem of an isotropic film in the linear elastic theory is studied for arbitrary thickness and for arbitrary boundary condition. From the symmetry principle, the solution is simplified into an invariant form with several scalar functions to be determined. The equilibrium solution is presented explicitly in the wave-vector space and given in the form of an integral expression in real space. An approximated equilibrium solution in real space is proposed, and the equilibrium of the plate as a thin film is discussed briefly.RPan, Shiyang; Li, Tongchun; Liu, Xiao Qing; Zhu, Jianqun; Cui, Zhen; Wang, ZhengyiXThe Application of Built-in Beam Element Method in the Aqueduct Pile Foundation Analysis]Generalized displacement method; Pile foundation; Aqueduct; Built-in beam element method; FEM/GENERALIZED DISPLACEMENT METHOD; FINITE-ELEMENT The solution using built-in beam element method to increase the calculation efficiency of aqueduct pile foundations is studied in this work. The formulations of built-in beam element method based on the normal generalized displacement method of beam element are introduced in this work. Then, the validity of the built-in beam element method is checked by a static problem of a simplified aqueduct model. Furthermore, the solution to increase calculation efficiency by built-in beam element method for aqueduct pile foundations is introduced by studying the features of built-in beam element method and normal generalized displacement method of beam element in models with different grid density and foundation stiffness. Finally, a static problem of an arch aqueduct is solved using the summed solution. The results show that it is feasible to improve efficiency with sufficient accuracy by reasonably selecting the built-in beam element method and normal generalized displacement method in the analysis of aqueduct pile foundation.:Ge, Pei; Song, Yang; Quan, Jiale; Wu, Yuxuan; Zhou, Junwen Study on the activity, phase, thermal decomposition characteristics, microstructure, and chemical element of hardened cement powder under heating temperature of 100C<"1200CSchemical element; hardened cement powder; heating activation; microstructure; phaseyC-S-H; PORTLAND-CEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PASTE; SILICATE; HYDRATION; REHYDRATION; DEHYDRATION; CONCRETE; REACTIVITYThe properties of thermoactivated hardened cement powder (HCP) are of great significance for the recycling and utilization of concrete waste. This paper focuses on heating activation of HCP under the temperature between 100 and 1200 degrees C. The activity, phase changes and microstructure of thermoactivated HCP were analyzed. The results showed that HCP with heating temperature between 1000 and 1200 degrees C showed high activity. Under the conditions of heating activation at 1200 degrees C, water-binder ratio of 0.38 and curing time of 30 days, the compressive strength of the specimen made of HCP reached 17.56 MPa< . When the heating temperature is between 700 and 1200 degrees C, C-S-H gel is gradually decomposed into C2S and C3S. The chemical reaction products of cement and thermoactivated HCP are similar, both containing CaCO3, Ca(OH)(2), AFt, Hydrotalcite, etc. Compared to the diffraction peaks of hydrated cement, the diffraction peaks of thermoactivated HCP are broadened and dispersed. The high Ca/Si and Al/Si ratios in the chemical reaction products of thermoactivated HCP are important reasons for the decrease in its mechanical properties.ZDu, Xiaoxue; Yu, Zhiwu; Du, Xiaoqian; Yan, Yuting; Yang, Xiaoyue; Shi, Qiang; Mao, Hanping\Study on Absorption Enhancement Mechanism and Application of Terahertz Combined MetamaterialMetamaterials; Absorption; Terahertz communications; Resonance; Sensors; Resonant frequency; Polyimides; Absorbance; detection; forchlorfenuron; metamaterial; terahertz#PLANT-GROWTH REGULATORS; BIOSENSORS1Metamaterial absorber has the advantages of high absorption rate and small size, but its absorption band is very narrow or the number of absorption peaks is limited, which greatly limits its practical application. In this study, a flexible metamaterial composed of a rectangular-ring-rectangle planar array is fabricated, which can realize the absorption of double resonance peaks. The results show that the designed metamaterial absorber has two resonance absorption peaks at 1.04 and 1.92 THz, and the absorption rates are 94.06% and 97.07%, respectively. The maximum sensitivity of the resonance peak 1 is 36.11 GHz/RIU, and the maximum sensitivity of the resonance peak 2 is 91.67 GHz/RIU. Based on the absorption enhancement mechanism of the double absorption peaks of metamaterials, highly sensitive detection of forchlorfenuron was achieved with a limit of detection at 0.01 mg/L. More importantly, the designed metamaterial absorber has also been successfully applied to the detection of forchlorfenuron on the surface of tomatoes, which is in line with the regulations on the maximum pesticide residues in food. The experimental results further prove the feasibility of the designed metamaterial for the detection of biological interfaces and provide a promising sensing platform for the detection of pesticide residues.]Li, Zonglin; Wang, Pan; Ao, Chengcheng; Yan, Tong; Zhang, Lidong; Cai, Jianwen; Meng, HaodongStudy of the N2O formation mechanism in NOx-assisted heterogeneous catalytic combustion of soot in CeO2-based catalytic microchannel reactorCatalytic microchannel reactor; Catalytic heterogeneous combustion; Hydrothermal aging; Soot; N2O; CeO2; Catalytic microchannel reactor; Catalytic heterogeneous combustion; Hydrothermal aging; Soot&NITROUS-OXIDE; CHAR; CO; REDUCTION; PMA CeO2-based catalytic microchannel reactor fixed-bed experiment was carried out to investigate the N2O formation in NOx-assisted catalytic combustion with fresh and hydrothermally aging catalysts during NOx-assisted heterogeneous catalytic combustion of soot. An evolved NOx-assisted soot catalytic combustion reaction mechanism was built to investigate N2O formation and key reaction pathways based on in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) diagnostics and destiny functional theory (DFT) computations. It was found that the temperature range of N2O formation was the same as the initiation temperature of soot catalytic combustion, while the significant catalytic activity of CeO2 catalyst induced a decrease in the temperature range of N2O formation. The CeO2 catalyst inhibited N2O formations from NOx-assisted soot catalytic combustion, while its inhibition effect was gradually weakened with the decrease of catalyst activities. The inhibitory effect of CeO2 on N2O was revealed in the reduction of CN formation rate in high temperatures. Fresh CeO2 catalyst increased the dominance in the CN formation reaction, reduced the CN production rate, and contributed to the decrease in the reaction rate of CNO oxidation by NO and NO2. The increase in the ratio of NOx to soot (beta) was more sensitive to N2O formation than the ratio alpha (NO2 to NOx) and < gamma (O-2 to NOx), led to a stronger inhibition of N2O formation.-Zhang, Bo; Li, Cheng; Zhang, Limin; Xie, FengSSize-Dependent Free Vibration of Non-Rectangular Gradient Elastic Thick Microplatesfree vibration; non-rectangular microplates; gradient elastic theory with symmetry; microstructure-dependent effects; differential quadrature finite elementUISOGEOMETRIC ANALYSIS; MODEL; KIRCHHOFF; NANOBEAMS; PLATES; FORMULATIONS; DEFORMATIONThe free vibration of isotropic gradient elastic thick non-rectangular microplates is analyzed in this paper. To capture the microstructure-dependent effects of microplates, a negative second-order gradient elastic theory with symmetry is utilized. The related equations of motion and boundary conditions are obtained using the energy variational principle. A closed-form solution is presented for simply supported free-vibrational rectangular microplates with four edges. A C-1-type differential quadrature finite element (DQFE) is applied to solve the free vibration of thick microplates. The DQ rule is extended to the straight-sided quadrilateral domain through a coordinate transformation between the natural and Cartesian coordinate systems. The Gauss-Lobato quadrature rule and DQ rule are jointly used to discretize the strain and kinetic energies of a generic straight-sided quadrilateral plate element. Selective numerical examples are validated against those available in the literature. Finally, the impact of various parameters on the free vibration characteristics of annular sectorial and triangular microplates is shown. It indicates that the strain gradient and inertia gradient effects can result in distinct changes in both vibration frequencies and mode shapes.5Gao, Liang; Xiao, Qianqian; Wang, Chengxi; Wang, XuanSignificantly enhancing the low-field energy storage performance of poly (vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites by modulating multi-interface trap energy levelsHBaTiO3; Core-shell structure; Polymer; Interfacial traps; Energy storage@BREAKDOWN STRENGTH; CAPABILITY; FILMS; NANOWIRES; DENSITY; MODELqSandwich structure and encapsulation techniques are highly effective methods for reducing leakage current density (J) in polymer nanocomposites. However, most studies focus on electric field homogenization, and the low-field discharge energy density (Udis) of current polymer nanocomposites is still limited to 5 J/cm3 at operating conditions of 200-300 kV/mm for film capacitors in electric vehicles. To address these issues based on the multi-interface trap energy levels, we hereby design a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite filled with core-shell nanoparticles of BaTiO3@polydopamine (BT@PDA) and sandwiched by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layers for high low-field Udis. The coordination of deep electron traps at the PMMA/PVDF interlayer interface along with deep hole and electron traps at the PVDF/PDA interfaces can trap charges and hinder charge transport. This effectively suppresses J and significantly increases the low-field Udis, as demonstrated by interfacial energy band analysis and phase field simulations. Consequently, a high low-field Udis of 6.65 J/cm3 at 310 kV/mm was achieved on this PMMA-BDP-PMMA nanocomposite, along with a low dielectric loss of 0.037 and a low J of 3.88 x 10-7A/cm2 at 25 kV/mm and a high energy efficiency of 66 %. It represents an effective approach to improving the energy storage performance of polymer dielectrics at low fields.(Ma, Xingliang; Liu, Zhen; Xiao, XingyuandSeismic Fragility Analysis of a Multi-Tower Super High-Rise Building Under Near-Fault Ground MotionscNear-fault ground motion; multi-tower super high-rise building; seismic fragility; dynamic response(DIRECTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; EARTHQUAKES.Earthquake damage to engineering structures often occur in near-fault areas. Near-fault ground motion is characterized by high-energy velocity pulses, long action period, and strong destructiveness. This paper forces on the seismic analysis of a multi-tower super high-rise building that subjected to near-fault ground motions. The interactions between e< ach tower makes the internal forces and dynamic responses much complex and totally different from single-tower super high-rise buildings. However, currently, multi-tower buildings in China are usually regarded as multiple single-tower buildings, and then separately designed based on the relevant provisions in seismic code for single-tower buildings. The mutual influence between the towers is almost not taken into account. Seismic response history analysis was carried on a three-tower super high-rise building using finite element method. Various near-fault and far-fault ground motions and high-energy velocity pulses were used as inputs. Through calculation of inter-story drift ratio and maximum displacement, the quantitative seismic fragility analysis was conducted for the main tower and sub-tower structures. The results show that the responses from near-fault ground motions to the structure are much greater than those from far-fault ground motions. The damage probabilities of various damage levels for near-fault ground motions are 12.5% higher than far-fault ground motions averagely. A further analysis reveals that the velocity pulses are the main factor causing structural damage in near-fault ground motions.UJia, Wentao; Liu, Kai; Jiang, Kai; Shan, Qiusha; Duan, Jing; Wu, Linghao; Zhou, Liang}Rotating dual-retarders to correct polarization measurement error for division-of-amplitude polarimeter in full field of view OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERINGOPolarimeter; Polarization aberration; Measurement error; Degree of polarizationThe division -of -amplitude polarimeter (DoAP) can measure the four Stokes parameters simultaneously, and has the advantages of snapshot and high spatial resolution. However, the residual polarization aberration (PA) of DoPA system can lead to the polarization measurement error, which is influenced by the field of view. In this paper, the relationship between the measurement errors of Stokes parameters and the Mueller pupil is derived, and the Mueller pupil of DoPA system is obtained by 3D polarization ray -tracing matrix. Then, a method of dualretarders rotation is proposed to correct the Mueller pupil in full field of view. The simulation demonstrates the PA correction can improve the measurement accuracy of DoPA system, and the measurement error of degree of linear polarization is reduced by 11.5 %, 38.2 % and 11.8 % at 0 degrees , 10 degrees and 15 degrees field of view, respectively. This research facilitates the precise measurement of polarization signals for polarimeters.0Liao, X. H.; Wu, W. F.; Meng, H. D.; Zhao, J. B.]Response Prediction and Dynamic Substructuring for Coupled Structures in the Frequency DomainJOURNAL OF MECHANICSkCoupled structure; Response prediction; Dynamic substructuring; Frequency response function; Neumann series BLOCKED FORCETo evaluate the dynamic properties of a coupled structure based on the dynamic properties of its substructures, this paper investigates the dynamic substructuring issue from the perspective of response prediction. The main idea is that the connecting forces at the interface of substructures can be expressed by the unknown coupled structural responses, and the responses can be solved rather easily. Not only rigidly coupled structures but also resiliently coupled structures are investigated. In order to further comprehend and visualize the nature of coupling problems, the Neumann series expansion for a matrix describing the relation between the coupled and uncoupled substructures is also introduced in this paper. Compared with existing response prediction methods, the proposed method does not have to measure any forces, which makes it easier to apply than the others. Clearly, the frequency response function matrix of coupled structures can be derived directly based on the response prediction method. Compared with existing frequency response function synthesis methods, it is more straightforward and comprehensible. Through demonstration of two examples, it is concluded that the proposed method can deal with structural coupling problems very well.PII S17< 27719120000490KResidual Mechanical Properties of Q235FR Steel Exposed to High-temperaturesgResidual mechanical properties; Cooling methods; Fire-resistance steel; Predictive equations; Post-fireEHIGH-STRENGTH STEEL; PRESTRESSING STEEL; STRUCTURAL-STEEL; RESISTANCEiSteel structures are commonly used in engineering projects and infrastructure. Steel structures should have high bearing capacity and be able to resist fire, earthquake, and corrosion. A new type of Q235 refractory steel has recently been developed in China, and the residual mechanical properties of steel structures are key indicators for estimating structural damage and reusability. Therefore, in-depth research is urgently needed. The yield stress, residual elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and ultimate strain at room temperature to 900 degrees C and under air and water cooling conditions were detected. The residual mechanical properties of Q235FR steel were compared with other structural steels, and it was confirmed through experiments that they are closely related to temperature and cooling methods. In the case of the above cooling methods, the loss of mechanical properties can be negligible when exposed to temperatures up to 600 degrees C. When the temperature exceeds 600 degrees C, the high temperature and cooling method significantly impact the residual mechanical properties of Q235FR steel. The advantages of Q235FR steel are high strength, good ductility, strong corrosion resistance, and fire resistance. The suggested predictive equations could be used to accurately evaluate the residual mechanical properties of Q235FR steel at high temperatures.%Zhu, Erhang; Liang, Yanping; He, LuluResearch on Transient Electromagnetic Field and Eddy Current Losses Reduction in End of Large-Capacity Synchronous Condenser During UHVDC System FaultsTransient analysis; Voltage; Stator windings; Eddy currents; Windings; Couplings; Mathematical models; Synchronous machines; Short-circuit currents; Synchronous condenser; electromagnetic field; eddy current losses; short-circuit fault; topology structure#TURBINE-GENERATOR; THERMAL-ANALYSIS_During the fault process of the ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) system, the winding of the large-capacity synchronous condenser (SC) generates strong impulse current, leading to excessive eddy current losses and easily causing local overheating in the end structure. In this paper, the machine-network coupling transient model of the SC is established, and the transient characteristics of stator current and excitation current of the SC are revealed when three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at the sending end of the UHVDC system. Then, the 3-D nonlinear transient electromagnetic field calculation model of 300MVar SC is established, and the end magnetic field and the eddy current losses in the end structure at different times are analyzed. According to the distribution law of electromagnetic field, a new end topology structure which can effectively reduce the eddy current losses in the clamping ring and clamping finger is proposed. The end magnetic field and eddy losses in the traditional model (TM) and the improved model (IM) are compared, and the superiority of the improved model is verified.3Chen, Pin; Wang, Xiyue; Yang, Zexia; Shi, ChangfengResearch on Spatial Heterogeneity, Impact Mechanism, and Carbon Peak Prediction of Carbon Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerationacluster analysis; carbon peaking pathways; scenario analysis; grey theory; heterogeneity analysis/ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION; PROVINCE; MODEL; CHINAUrban agglomerations with a high economic activity and population density are key areas for carbon emissions and pioneers in achieving carbon peaking and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study combines machine learning with an extended STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) model to uncover the mechanisms driving carbon peaking disparities within these regions. It forecasts carbon emissions under different scenarios and develops indices to ass< ess peaking pressure, reduction potential, and driving forces. The findings show significant carbon emission disparities among cities in the Yangtze River Delta, with a fluctuating downward trend over time. Technological advancement, population size, affluence, and urbanization positively impact emissions, while the effects of industrial structure and foreign investment are weakening. Industrially optimized cities lead in peaking, while others-such as late-peaking and economically radiating cities-achieve peaking only under the ER scenario. Cities facing population loss and demonstration cities fail to peak by 2030 in any scenario. The study recommends differentiated carbon peaking pathways for cities, emphasizing tailored targets, pathway models, and improved supervision. This research offers theoretical and practical insights for global urban agglomerations aiming to achieve early carbon peaking.rReflection and transmission of SH waves at the interface of a V-notch and a piezoelectric/piezomagnetic half-spaceConcentration factors; Expansion method; Fractional Bessel functions; Graf theorem; Piezoelectric/piezomagnetic half-space; SH waves; V-notchSCATTERING; CRACKSThis paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a V-notch with non-trivial boundaries in a piezoelectric/piezomagnetic half-space. We start by considering a SH wave impinging on the piezoelectric/piezomagnetic half-space. Upon employing the superposition principle, an expression for the scattering wave is derived, which meets the required conditions at the boundary of the half-space. Subsequently, we provide the analytic expression for the standing wave, formulated to meet the stress-free assumptions and electric/magnetic insulation at the boundaries of the V-notch. This is done using an expansion in fractional Bessel functions and the Graf theorem. Finally, a method based on Green' functions is employed to divide the half-space along the vertical interface, where in-plane electric and magnetic fields and out-of-plane forces are exerted. This leads to the formulation of integral Fredholm equations, which are solved using an expansion into orthogonal functions and an effective truncation technique. Our results describe the scattering effect on the concentration factors of the dynamic stress, and of electric and magnetic fields in relevant conditions. The analytic solutions are validated using finite element method, and results confirm the accuracy of our findings.Huang, Cheng; Dai, MinglRefined explicit solution for the stress field around an elliptical cylindrical tunnel with a moderate depthNUnderground tunnel; gravity; elliptical hole; half-plane; stress concentration0ELASTIC HALF-PLANE; NANOSIZED HOLE; DISPLACEMENTsWe consider a horizontal elliptical tunnel buried in a medium under gravity and lateral pressure (perpendicular to the generatrix of the tunnel). The stress field in the medium is generally treated as the superposition of an initial stress field induced by the gravitational body force and lateral pressure before tunnel excavation and the perturbation stress field after the introduction of the tunnel. Closed-form solutions for the perturbation stress field are available if the interaction between the tunnel and the surface of the medium is neglected. The initial stress field is usually assumed to be constant in deriving closed-form solutions for the perturbation stress field since it is often believed that the interaction between the tunnel and the surface of the medium is negligible only for a deep-buried tunnel. However, it is indicated from the literature that the interaction between the tunnel and the surface of the medium is insignificant in determining the stress distribution around the tunnel as long as the distance between them exceeds the diameter of the tunnel's cross section. Consequently, we are motivated to derive in this paper a refined closed-form solution for the perturbation stress field by admitting a realistic initial stress field that varies linearly in the depth direction. The refined solution may lead to more accurate results in pr< edicting the gravity-triggered stress concentration around a moderate-depth tunnel. The refined solution is compared with the classical solution (obtained by using a constant initial stress field) in calculating the hoop stress around the tunnel via several numerical examples.,Mao, Bo; Liu, Gai; Zhu, Huangqiu; Ju, JintaogRadial Displacement Sensorless Control of PMa-BSynRM Based on Square Wave Injection With Neural Network+IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICSWindings; Force; Rotors; Torque; Sensorless control; Inductance; Couplings; Permanent magnet assisted bearingless synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-BSynRM); radial displacement sensorless control; square wave voltage injection (SWVI)$BEARINGLESS; MOTOR; ALGORITHM; DRIVEhA radial displacement sensorless control method of a permanent magnet assisted bearingless synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-BSynRM) based on square wave voltage injection (SWVI) is proposed to replace the sensor and enhance system reliability. First, the inductance expression of the PMa-BSynRM winding is derived based on the magnetic potential and magnetic permeability method when the rotor is eccentric. Then, a SWVI method of PMa-BSynRM is proposed. The high-frequency (HF) voltage signal is injected into the static coordinate system of the torque winding, and the induced current generated before and after the HF injection period is sampled on the suspension force winding. Through mathematical calculations, the radial displacement information of the rotor can be obtained. The phase-locked loop (PLL) is used as a rotor displacement observer to estimate rotor radial displacement. Considering that the observer based on fixed bandwidth design is difficult to achieve good control performance in a wide speed domain, a neural network algorithm is introduced to optimize the observer parameters online. Finally, the proposed method is validated on the experimental platform of the PMa-BSynRM. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed radial displacement sensorless control method based on SWVI can achieve stable suspension operation with exceptional precision.5Chen, Zhihua; Hu, Bo; Chen, Zhongsheng; Zhang, JiaruiVProgress and Thinking on Self-Supervised Learning Methods in Computer Vision: A ReviewComputer vision (CV); deep learning (DL); future trends; key technologies; self-supervised learning (SSL); Computer vision (CV); deep learning (DL); future trends; key technologies; self-supervised learning (SSL)Deep learning (DL) methods have been widely studied and applied in the field of computer vision (CV) over the past decades. The biggest disadvantage of classic DL methods is that they strongly rely on a large number of labeled samples. In engineering application, however, it is much expensive and even impossible to generate so many high-quality labeled samples. For this purpose, self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have become a research hot spot in CV in recent years due to their strong ability of learning representation without manually labeled images. So far, SSL has made strides in CV, but it is far from maturity and still faces some underlying challenges. The main purpose of this article is to review the latest development of SSL methods and applications, summarize key technologies and challenges, and discuss the trends. First, the development history of SSL methods in CV is outlined. Then, the existing SSL methods in CV are classified into four main categories and typical applications SSL in CV are summarized. Finally, key technologies of SSL are refined and future trends are discussed. This article can help researchers to quickly understand the current progress of SSL in CV.NHua, Hongliang; Zhang, Jing; Zhao, Che; Wu, Zhilin; Song, Jie; Liao, ZhenqianghPrediction-based rapid force control of a single-acting pneumatic cylinder under hysteresis nonlinearityFActuator; Force control; Pneumatic cylinder; Nonlinearity; Data-drivenGRIPPER; SYSTEMHysteresis characteristics widely affects the performance and reliability of pneumatic systems across various industrial applications. Addressing thi< s challenge can significantly enhance system efficiency and precision. This paper aims to develop a rapid and accurate method for controlling the actuating force of a Single-Acting Pneumatic Cylinder (SAPC), considering hysteresis characteristic. To achieve these objectives, a Neural- Network-Prediction-based Proportional-Integral-Differential (NNP-PID) control strategy is introduced for the rapid prediction and precise control of the actuating force. Control experiments were conducted to elucidate the rapid control mechanism of the proposed NNP-PID strategy and assess its performance. Experimental results indicate that the developed neural network prediction model operates with a computational cost of 1.22 ms on an 8-bit microcontroller, thus meeting real-time control requirements. Compared to a conventional Proportional- Integral-Differential (PID) controller, the NNP-PID controller reduced control overshoot, rise time, settling time, and steady-state error by approximately 17.5 %, 65.9 %, 19.8 %, and 46.4 %, respectively.:Teng, Yue; Ai, Mengmeng; Shan, Yi; Xu, Yongming; Qi, YulinSPrediction of transformer full-domain temperature based on fluid network decoupling?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICSOil-immersed self-cooling power transformers; fluid network decoupling; field-circuit coupling; full-domain temperature predictionETHERMAL PERFORMANCE; HEAT-TRANSFER; RADIATORS; FLOW; DIRECTION; MODELIn this paper, a large oil-immersed self-cooling power transformer with a capacity of 180 MVA and a voltage grade of 220 kV is taken as the research object, and the global fluid network model of the transformer is established according to the oil circuit structure of the transformer and the circulation path of the cooling medium. Based on the decoupling method of fluid network, a three-dimensional finite element calculation model of local fluid field and temperature field is established at the decoupled location. Finally, the hot spot temperature of the winding appears at the 5th layer of the high-voltage winding, which is 89.2 degrees C, and the lowest temperature appears at the bottom of the low-voltage winding, which is 55.1 degrees C. The top oil temperature is 69.2 degrees C, and the bottom oil temperature is 47.6 degrees C. The temperature experiment of the prototype shows that the relative error of the calculation result of the hot spot temperature of the high voltage winding is 4.45%, the relative error of the calculation result of the hot spot temperature of the medium voltage winding is 4.43%, and the relative error of the calculation result of the hot spot temperature of the low voltage winding is 3.58%. It proves the accuracy of the global fluid network decoupling method to calculate the global temperature of the transformer, which provides a reference for the prediction of the global temperature of the transformer.QWang, Feng; Zhao, Jianshe; Lv, Yanming; Yang, Zhenwen; Gan, Weimin; Tian, Zongjun^Precise vibrating electrochemical machining of a diamond-shaped hole with side-wall insulationgPROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCEUElectrochemical machining; vibrating feed; side-wall insulation; diamond-shaped holes+TOOL; ECM; ACCURACY; CATHODE; DESIGN; ALLOY'Electrochemical machining has the advantage of being free of cathode loss, thermal stress, and residual stress, and is suitable for high precision machining of metal structures. Localization of anodic dissolution can be significantly improved by the side-wall insulation of the cathode. However, for shaped-hole machining, the removal of electrolytic products in the machining gap becomes problematic with the increase of machining depth, which may hinder the machining process. The application of vibration to the cathode in an electrochemical machining is considered an effective approach because the frontal gap is periodically changed by the vibration; therefore, the removal of electrolytic products and the refreshment of electrolyte are facilitated. This study is aimed at finding a sui< table method for diamond-shaped hole fabrication using electrochemical machining. The influence of vibrating feed, cathode with and without side-wall insulation on the machining stability and accuracy were studied based on the machining system developed in this study. The experimental results reveal that the machining accuracy of the diamond-shaped hole can be improved remarkably by reducing the width of the tool edge. Meanwhile, the machining stability can be improved significantly with a reasonable vibrating feed mode.EZheng, Renchuan; Gong, Erlei; Li, Jianzhong; Yao, Qian; Nie, ZhaolongPerformance Analysis of Wave Rotor Combustor Integration into Baseline Engines: A Comparative Study of Pressure-Gain and Work Cycles[wave rotor combustor; thermodynamic cycle; performance analysis; pressure gain; work outputHThis study presents two concepts for integrating a wave rotor combustor (WRC) into a baseline engine: the wave rotor pressure-gain cycle (WRPGC) and the wave rotor work cycle (WRWC). Performance parameters were calculated under different thermodynamic cycles, and a comparative analysis of the thermodynamic cycles was conducted, considering both the ideal- and actual-loss conditions. Furthermore, the impact of the WRC precompression ratio, turbine inlet temperature, and fixed peak cycle temperature on the thermodynamic-cycle performance was investigated. The results indicate that embedding a WRC into a baseline engine with a compressor pressure ratio higher than 24.0 does not lead to an improvement in the thermal efficiency. However, under a baseline engine pressure ratio of 3.6, the actual-loss WRC cycle achieves efficiency improvements of 40.5% and 49.5% in the WRPGC and WRWC, respectively, compared to the baseline engine cycle. Increasing the wave rotor precompression ratio or the turbine inlet temperature ratio results in greater performance improvements for the WRWC compared to the WRPGC. When the peak cycle temperature of the wave rotor is fixed, there exists a narrow pressure ratio range wherein the WRPGC outperforms the WRWC. Therefore, the WRPGC is more suitable for embedment in baseline engines with lower pressure ratios.bBi, Hui; Dong, Zhaohui; Sun, Jiawei; Jiang, Yibo; Wang, Fan; Chai, Ciman; Shu, Huazhong; Ni, XinyefPEW-SegDiff: Feature Pyramids Edge-Weighted Diffusion Segmentation model for ultrasound thyroid nodule(BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROLkDiffusion probability model; Deep learning; Medical ultrasound image segmentation; Edge learning; Dual pathBackground and Objective: Segmentation of nodule lesions in thyroid ultrasound images plays a crucial role in facilitating early treatment. However, there are few ultrasound images for training. The denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) has attracted extensive attention since its ability to handle data with small sample sizes. When it comes to ultrasound image segmentation, DDPM still encounters the problem of low-contrast and edge blurring. Methods: To address the aforementioned issues, we proposed a feature Pyramids Edge-Weighted Diffusion Segmentation (PEW-SegDiff) model for ultrasound thyroid nodule. First, to solve the problem of learning insufficient boundary features, a dual-branch architecture is proposed. The main branch is applied to learn high-order features, while the auxiliary branch is adopted to learn the missing low-order features of nodule edges for supplement. Secondly, pyramids are used to extract the edge feature with different scales. In addition, the edge features are transformed into a weight matrix with the same scale as the current features by using the Multi-Layer Weight (MLW) module. Finally, the weight matrix is adopted to enhance the current feature map. This increases the attention of nodule edge during the training process. Results: Experiments are conducts to evaluate the proposed model. For the TN3K public dataset, PEW-SegDiff achieves Dice coefficient (DSC) of 78.14% and IoU of 74.48%; for the private dataset, the DSC reaches 78.59% and the IoU reaches 74.09%. Conclusions: The proposed PEW-SegDiff outperformed th< e state-of-art (SOTA) methods not only in better segmentation accuracy in the case of using fewer training data. Codes can be obtained from https://github. com/2823426081/PEW-SegDiffQLi, Li; Xie, Yajun; Shan, Shuai; Ling, Lei; Bei, Shaoyi; Zheng, Keqing; Xu, Qiang[Optimal design of reactant delivery system in microfluidic fuel cell with porous electrodesBmicrofluidic fuel cell; porous electrode; reactant delivery system$METHANOL; PARAMETERS; AEROGEL; MODELSReactant delivery systems with different shaped inlet reservoirs bring significant volume increase to microfluidic fuel cells (MFCs). In this work, a two-dimensional model is constructed for the flow through type MFC with porous electrodes and systematic analyses are performed for the optimization of the reactant delivery system to reduce the volume cost and meanwhile enhance the cell performance. Corresponding results show that though reservoir is essential in the MFC system, a narrow channel with a width on the order of a few tenths of a millimeter is already enough for the reactant distribution and thus the inlet reservoir size can be greatly reduced (93.33% under the flow rate of 300 mu L min(-1)) without sacrificing the cell performance. A high flexibility is allowed for the reactant inlet size of the reservoir in the cases with high flow rates while larger inlet size is preferred in the cases with low flow rates. Optimal inlet position locates in the section close to the current collectors in the ohmic-loss dominated cases. Yet, it moves to the middle section of the system with the decrease of reactant concentration or flow rate as concentration loss is responsible for the major performance loss in these cases. The results could provide instructive guidance for the optimization of reactant delivery system in MFC with porous electrodes.8He, Yafeng; Xu, Bo; Guo, Hun; Zhou, Xurong; Bai, JianhuiZNumerical simulation and experimental study on electrochemical milling of cemented carbideRCemented carbide; electrochemical milling; numerical simulation; machining processmIn response to the difficulties in machining cemented carbide, this paper proposes a new approach to electrochemical milling of cemented carbide. A composite rotating tool cathode for electrochemical milling is designed, and the electric field simulation calculation is conducted for the electrochemical milling process. The electric field results show that as the tool cathode continues to penetrate, the machining area of electrochemical milling continues to increase, and the current density in the machining gap increases. After the tool cathode enters the semicircle, if the processing area of electrochemical milling remains unchanged, the amount of material removed per unit time remains unchanged, and the current density also remains stable. At the same time, orthogonal experiments and process parameter optimization were conducted on the electrochemical milling of cemented carbide side edges. The results showed that the maximum material removal was achieved under the process parameters of processing voltage 14 V, feed speed 10 mm/min, spindle speed 3000 r/min, and duty cycle of 70%. Based on the optimized process parameters of side-edge electrochemical milling, full edge electrochemical milling of experiment was carried out. When the feed rate is 0.3 mm/min, the surface of cemented carbide electrochemical milling is relatively flat and has a roughness of 0.389 & mu;m.IFeng, Zhan; Li, Jianzhong; Gong, Erlei; Yao, Qian; Chen, Xinyu; Chen, YueqNumerical Study on the Effect of Channel Configuration on Mixture Formation of an Axial Flow Wave Rotor CombustorFwave rotor combustor; channel structure; mixture formation; uniformityWave rotor combustor technology is a new technical means to improve the thermal efficiency of aero-engine by using unsteady flow and constant volume combustion. In this article, the influence of wave rotor combustor channel structure on the mixture formation in the channel was studied by numerical simulation. The results showed that the internal flow field structure and change of any structure cha< nnel are similar. Flow separation will occur in all channels, and wake regions will be formed in the channels. The turbulence kinetic energy in the wake region was increased, and the velocity and pressure were decreased, resulting in the vortex in the channel. When the channel width was reduced to half of the original design, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the mixture was reduced by at least 54.92% compared to the original design, and the global fuel mass fraction in the channel was increased by at least 27.32%. In addition, the fluctuation of discharge pressure was also reduced. The reduction of the channel height does not lead to a significant improvement in the aforementioned results. This study can provide guidance for the structural design of wave rotor combustor channel.~Li, Li; Xu, Qiang; Xie, Yajun; Wang, Xiaochun; Zhu, Kai; Zheng, Keqing; Li, Xinyu; Huang, Haocheng; Huang, Yugang; Bei, Shaoyi`Narrow middle channel design in counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell with flow-through electrodesSMicrofluidic fuel cell; Counter-flow; Narrow middle channel; Flow-through electrodeSIMULATIONS; V(IV)/V(V); ACID Output performance of counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell is hampered by its significant internal ohmic resistance. In this work, narrow middle channel design is introduced to the counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell with flow-through electrodes to ease the internal ohmic resistance issue and realize increased fuel utilization and improved power density simultaneously. Systematically numerical investigations are performed to validate the feasibility and evaluate the prospect of the narrow middle channel design. Meanwhile, in-depth analyses are provided to explore the mechanisms behind the distinctive cell characteristics. Corresponding results demonstrate that the width of the middle channel in the counter-flow microfluidic fuel cell with flow-through electrodes can be safely reduced from the commonly used 1-2 mm-0.3 mm without reactant crossover and obvious increase in the energy consumption for the pumping of the reactant streams. Superiority of the narrow middle channel design is more significant in the high reactant concentration and high flow rate case where an increase of 30.29 % is observed in the peak power density when the middle channel width reduces from 1 mm to 0.3 mm under the reactant concentrations of 4 M and flow rate of 120 mu L min  1./Wu, Ziqian; Zhang, Chao; Xu, Zhenying; Fan, WeizMulticonstraint quality-probability graph for quality monitoring of laser directed energy deposition manufacturing process{Laser directed energy deposition; Quality monitoring; Graph-based semi-supervised learning; Physical consistency constraint=MOLTEN POOL; OPTIMIZATION; EXTRACTION; MACHINE; VISION; PLUMEQuality monitoring of the laser directed energy deposition (LDED) manufacturing process by machine vision is essential to improve the reliability and economy of the LDED manufactured parts. For monitoring algorithms, graph-based semi-supervised learning can effectively learn supervised information from labelled data without the requirement of large amounts of manually labelled data. However, traditional graph algorithm for LDED quality monitoring is limited by insufficient use of label supervised information, inadequate consideration of the imbalance data, and lack of physically meaningful explanations and constraints on the propagation process for different types of defects. In this regard, a multiconstraint quality-probability graph (MCQPG) is proposed to monitor the quality during the LDED manufacturing process. MCQPG converts the extracted multifeatures into probability distributions, finds feature sets with similar distributions to the supervised information based on quality level standards, and uses multiconstraints to satisfy few labelled feature data, imbalance data distribution and physical consistency. For physical consistency, a nonlinear defect model is developed for crack and porosity defects, and a novel defect-guided objective prediction function is proposed, resulting in the construction of a qual< ity level standard guided physical consistency constraint term. Experimental studies on several well-known and commonly used monitoring algorithms demonstrate that the proposed MCQPG algorithm achieves 0.96 on all four evaluation metrics (accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score), validating the effectiveness of MCQPG for LDED quality monitoring.1Yang, Guang; Pei, Pengyu; Huang, Cheng; Dai, MingkModified solution of an interface rigid line between two bonded half-planes under remote in-plane heat fluxSURFACE-TENSION; STRESSA modified closed-form solution is presented for the problem of a finite interface rigid line between two bonded half-planes under remote in-plane heat flux in the context of linear plane thermoelasticity. Different from the existing analytical solutions in the literature, the influence of the expansion of the rigid line caused by thermal load is incorporated in the modified solution. We reduce the corresponding boundary value problem to the determination of a piecewise holomorphic function subject to a certain jump across the interface between the two half-planes. In particular, the jump here turns out to be a non-constant function which is much more complicated than that encountered in the previous study of interface rigid line problems where the expansion of the rigid line is completely neglected. Nevertheless, we apply the residue theorem and derive successfully an explicit closed-form expression for the holomorphic function mentioned above. From the modified solution obtained, here, we recover easily the existing results for simpler cases in the literature. Finally, the stress distribution in the immediate vicinity of the rigid line end is examined.Meng, Han-xian; Hu, Bin; Liu, Ji; Zhang, Qi-liang; Li, Ji-hong; Zhang, Hong-jin; Jiang, Xiao-yan; Zhang, Zhen-xi; Yuan, Xin-huan; Lu, QiangeMechanism insights into the role of steam in the thermal degradation of furan for hydrogen production5Furan; Pyrolysis; Reforming; DFT; Hydrogen productionHBIO-OIL; MODEL COMPOUNDS; ACETIC-ACID; BIOMASS; NI; PYROLYSIS; CATALYSTSqThe tandem pyrolysis and reforming of biomass is a promising way for hydrogen production. Furan derivatives as the major cyclic products of biomass pyrolysis, and their steam reforming has a crucial contribution to hydrogen production. Unfortunately, the steam reforming mechanism of these cyclic compounds for hydrogen production remains unclear, and the role of steam is commonly ignored. In this work, the reforming mechanism for hydrogen production, particularly the role of steam, was investigated based on the density functional theory (DFT) method and wave function analysis with furan as the cyclic model compound. The results emphasize that steam predominantly participates in furan reforming in the forms of molecules, clusters, and H & sdot;/OH center dot radicals. The additions of furan with steam molecules and its dissociating radicals transfer furan into hydrogen-rich compounds, thereby altering the pathways for hydrogen production. In addition, the H center dot radical can facilitate the formation of H2 by abstracting another free H center dot radical, or H in furan, reforming intermediates as well as the steam molecules. The promotion of the dissociation of steam into H & sdot;/OH center dot radicals is a potential way for H2 production. The present study offers theoretical insights into the study of hydrogen production by tandem pyrolysis and reforming technology.Pan, Xuetao; Cai, JianwenrMechanism and Experimental Study of Femtosecond-Laser Super-Resolution Processing Based on Beam Shaping TechnologyCfemtosecond laser; microfabrication; beam shaping; super resolution!MICROMACHINES; MICRODEVICES; STEPThe three-dimensional microsolid can be fabricated by scanning point-by-point inside the polymer material according to the predetermined trajectory in femtosecond-laser two-photon direct writing mode. In the process of machining, the shape and intensity distribution of focus spot are changed by some processing parameters, which affect the processing accuracy and surface quality. Based on Fre< snel diffraction theory and the intensity distribution function of focal spot, the focal spot shape is simulated and the main factors affecting the light intensity distribution are analyzed theoretically and simulated numerically. We propose a shaping method to improve the asymmetric shape of the facula by adding a prefocusing lens. According to the mechanism of femtosecond-laser super-resolution processing, we propose a beam shaping method using four-ring complex transmittance phase plate to achieve super-resolution processing. The phase plate was optimized on the global optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm. The validation experiment was carried out by scanning the photochromic material film with pulsed laser and reading the fluorescence signal of the photochromic point with single photon confocal. The experimental results show that the facula distribution is approximately symmetrical, and the size of facula is decreased obviously. The compression ratio is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation results. Therefore, super-resolution processing can be achieved by adding pre-focusing lens and phase plate to shaping the laser beam. The results of theoretical and experimental studies provide sufficient basis for improving the machining accuracy and surface quality of microdevices.;Zhang, Kun; Liu, Min; Zhao, Ling; Yan, Jincan; Wang, ZhitaorLead and tungsten double stabilizing cobalt-based perovskite oxygen permeation membranes for clean energy delivery0ceramic membranes; oxygen production; perovskitexPHASE-STRUCTURE; PERMEABILITY; BA0.5SR0.5CO0.8FE0.2O3-DELTA; OXIDE; CO2; GUIDELINES; SEPARATION; COMPOSITE; DESIGN; FLUXIn this work, a double site stabilizing cobalt-based perovskite strategy is proposed to enable the feasibility of the oxygen separation membrane. In order to achieve the excellent material stability, the inherently robust lead and tungsten were selected to stabilize cobalt-containing perovskite, respectively. PbxSr1-xCo1-yWyO3-delta (PSCW, 0 <= x, y <= 1) oxide was prepared by wet chemical process. The oxygen permeation test indicated that Pb and W double site stabilizing strategy is enabling the perovskite membranes to work with decent J(O2) over 2.0 mL cm(-2) min(-1) observed at 850 degrees C. In addition, the robustness of the PSCW membrane was confirmed by long-term test against erosive gases (CO2 and H2O) as the oxygen fluxes of Pb0.5Sr0.5Co0.9W0.1O3-delta (PSCW5-5-9-1) membranes reverted back to the initial values of 1.91 mL cm(-2) min(-1) as these erosive gases were turned off. This result suggests that the double site Pb and W stabilizing technology may open a way to advance the viability of the ceramic membrane technology./Gu, Siwen; Wang, Jiaan; You, Xinmin; Zhuang, YugInvestigating the Parameter-Driven Cathode Gas Diffusion of PEMFCs with a Piecewise Linearization Model?PEMFC; structural parameter; gas diffusion; cathode; simulation?OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; MEMBRANE; DESIGN; SYSTEMImproving mass transfer in gas diffusion layers is critical to achieving high-performance proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Leaks through the interface between the gas and the membrane electrode assembly frame have been widely investigated, and the controllability of the cathode gas diffusion has not been achieved in most studies. In this study, we develop a structural parameter to investigate the controllability of the gas diffusion mechanism in the cathode in order to improve upon the design and performance of PEMFCs. This parameter accounts for the cathode gas diffusion layer porosity and carbon loading inside the catalyst layer. It is comprehensively calculated to relax the two segments' distribution along three directions of the coordinate axis. The experimental and simulation results show that the obtained values of the parameter vary and change during voltage stabilization. According to the results, regardless of the materials in the cathode gas diffusion layer, the same steady-state voltage is obtained when the parameter is fixed. The cell could be controllably operated for a < wide range of diffusion layer thicknesses by selecting the optimal parameter.Ma, Xingliang; Liu, ZhenNInfluence of Ground Motion Non-Gaussianity on Seismic Performance of Buildingsbnon-Gaussian; Monte Carlo; frame structure; multi-tower super high-rise building; dynamic responseCEVOLUTIONARY SPECTRA; RELIABILITY; SIMULATION; DECOMPOSITION; MODELThe non-Gaussian feature of seismic ground motion has been reported in some works. However, there remains a lack of research on the influence of the ground motion non-Gaussianity on the seismic performance of buildings, which motivates this study. By employing a non-Gaussian non-stationary random process simulation method previously proposed by the authors, 40,000 ground motion acceleration signals are efficiently generated, including 20,000 Gaussian and 20,000 non-Gaussian records. As computational examples, a four-story frame building and a three-tower super-tall building are selected. The generated acceleration signals serve as external excitations for the two buildings, allowing for a comparison of the differences in seismic structural responses caused by the Gaussian and non-Gaussian earthquake groups. Probability analysis is performed using top-layer displacement and maximum inter-story drift ratio as damage indicators. The results show that the structural responses induced by both Gaussian and non-Gaussian earthquake groups have identical first- and second-order moments but different higher-order moments. The responses from non-Gaussian earthquakes display distinct non-Gaussian traits, with their distribution of extreme values exhibiting a longer tail compared to the Gaussian counterparts. This leads to a notably larger value of non-Gaussian responses under high crossing probabilities, with an amplification that can surpass 18%._Yue, Chuan-Jun; Gu, Li-Ping; Ma, Song-Shan; Sun, Xin; Dai, Nan; Zhang, Zhen-Wei; Liu, Bao-LiangoImproving undergraduate graduation chemical design using green techniques based on green engineering principles EDUCATION FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERSEngineering education; Green chemistry; Undergraduate graduation design; Green engineering awareness; Ethyl acrylate process design; Teaching mode"SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; CHEMISTRYGreen engineering education is of great significance. The development of the chemical industry has a new direction under the background of engineering back to green engineering and chemistry. The undergraduate graduation chemical design is an important course for the comprehensive application of professional knowledge and bridging to the actual production, and also important support for the cultivation of chemical talent. This paper presents a case in which the improvement of ethyl acrylate process design can be selected as a topic of undergraduate graduation chemical design, which has both an industrial production process foundation that student can learn and engineering design innovation under the guidance of the green engineering concept. After the design study, the results show that the process design of ethyl acrylate supported by new clean catalysis and membrane separation technologies has been improved in reducing process complexity and improving environmental friendliness. Furthermore, the teaching result indicates that the process design reinforces students' green engineering thinking and provides a green engineering teaching format for chemical design.@Liao, Xuhui; Li, Shunming; Xu, Yong; Meng, Haodong; Zhao, JingboqFull response prediction for locally modified mechanical systems using the concept of equivalent additional forceResponse prediction; Structural modification; Equivalent additional force; Delta dynamic stiffness matrix; Transmissibility matrixISTRUCTURAL MODIFICATION; FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT; MASS; REANALYSIS; MATRICES;Evaluating the dynamic properties of structures subjected to local modifications is an important issue in the field of structural dynamics. Most studies are focused on estimating the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of modified structures. However, in many cases, evaluating the responses of the modified struc< ture is more direct and useful for the analysis. A general method for predicting the full responses of locally modified structures is proposed in this paper. The concept of equivalent additional force (EAF) is suggested to address this issue in a general framework. Seven typical cases of modifications and the case of multiple modifications are investigated in detail. In this method, the EAFs are expressed by the unknown responses of the modified structures and then the unknown responses can be easily calculated based on the responses of the original structure. The novelty of this paper is that any structural modification can be regarded as some EAFs applied to the original structure, which not only simplifies the response prediction for modified structures but also provides a new perspective for comprehending the problem of structural modification. The proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example and validated using data generated by finite element (FE) simulations. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.FHe, Ru; Zhang, Fanghao; Li, Jianzhong; Gong, Erlei; Yao, Qian; Jin, Wu{Experimental study on propagation characteristics and instability of premixed flames in radial wave rotor combustor channelzRadial wave rotor combustor channel; Premixed flame; Correlation; Equivalence ratio; Ignition location; Cellular structurehLAMINAR BURNING SPEEDS; SPHERICAL FLAMES; HIGH-PRESSURES; HYDROGEN; MIXTURES; CYCLE; GAS; METHANE; FRONTThe correlation between the evolution of the ethylene-air premixed flame and pressure, as well as flame instability in the channel of the Radial Wave Rotor Combustor, was investigated experimentally. The effects of the equivalence ratio and ignition position on the evolution of the premixed flame's cellular structure were examined, and the impact of cellular structure characteristics on pressure peaks was analyzed. The results indicate a strong correlation between flame development and pressure evolution, allowing the dynamic flame evolution process within the Radial Wave Rotor Combustor channel to be divided into six stages. As the equivalence ratio increases, the maximum number of cells in the flame front, pressure peaks, and timing standard deviation all exhibit a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing, with peaks occurring near slightly fuelrich conditions. The ignition phase duration is shorter when the ignition position is near the inlet end wall, while at the middle position of the diverging end, the pressure rise stage has the shortest duration, with the highest combustion pressure integral and peak pressure. Among the characteristic parameters of the cellular structure, the number of cells has the greatest influence on flame instability./Peng, Yang; Zhao, Jun; Huang, Weibao; Dong, JunExperimental investigation for performance of high-strength bolt shear connections with fasteners embedded in aluminum alloy platesZAluminum alloy plate; High-strength bolt shear connection; Embedded fasteners; Slip factor"LAYER LATTICED DOMES; SINGLE-LAYERAluminum alloy was widely used in structure for its advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance, good durability and convenient installation. However, the smooth surface of aluminum alloy resulted in a smaller slip factor, smaller slip factor cannot satisfied the requirement of the slip-resistant connections made of aluminum alloys. In this paper, an innovative method has been proposed to significantly improve slip resistance by embedding fasteners into the surface of aluminum alloys. Considering the representativeness of engineering applications, two aluminum alloy plates with different tensile strength, 6063-T6 and 6061-T6, were selected for the experiment. Considering the requirements of corrosion resistance, stainless-steel particles and stainless stainless-steel wire and circular rings are selected as embed fasteners, A4-80 stainless-steel bolts were selected by pretensioning with wrench at a construction torque of 9.78 N m. 19 groups of specimens were designed to embedding fasteners into surfaces of aluminum alloy plates. The results show< ed stainless-steel fasteners can effectively embedded into the surface of the aluminum alloy plates. Obvious indentations could be formed around the embedded fasteners, the embedding load increased with the increase of the total volume of the embedding fasteners, and also with the increase of the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy plate. 13 groups of high-strength bolt shear connections with the three type fasteners were tested, and the results showed that the shear resistance of the connection was significantly improved with the embedded fasteners. Among them, the greatest performance improvement was embedding a 304 stainless-steel ring with a specification diameter of 2 mm and an inner diameter of 20 mm, its slip factor could reach 1.11, which was 4.1 times that of aluminum alloy plates treated with mild sandblasting in Eurocode 1999-9-1.iLiu, Ji; Xia, Yuan-gu; Sun, Huai-de; Hu, Bin; Zhang, Hong-Jin; Zhang, Zhen-xi; Jiang, Xiao-yan; Lu, QiangExperimental and DFT Analysis To Anchor the Role of SO2 in the Heterogeneous NO Reduction over a Char Surface: SOx-Mediated Oxygen RearrangementSDENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; COAL; TEMPERATURE; COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; MECHANISM; N2OThe heterogeneous reduction of NO by char is important for NO source control during the combustion of organic solid wastes. SO2 manifests a significant impact of the char-NO reaction, yet the inherent mechanism is still vague. In the present study, fixed-bed experiments, in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (in-situ XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were combined to offer empirical and theoretical evidence on the detailed impact mechanism of SO2 on the char-NO reaction. Herein, we propose the surface SOx-mediated oxygen rearrangement (SOx-MOR) mechanism for the first time. SO2 can directly promote char-NO reduction by intervening in the oxygen rearrangement process. In addition, SO2 and O-2 play a synergetic role in enhancing the NO reduction. SO2 can be oxidated into SO3 and adsorbed on the char edge, impeding the fast oxidation of char by O-2, and enhancing NO reduction. Meanwhile, NO can be reduced via the SO3-MOR mechanism, which possesses a thermodynamic priority lower than that of the SO2-MOR mechanism. In-situ XPS results further verified the surface chemical behaviors of SO(x)and the higher competitiveness of the SO2-MOR mechanism. The present study lays a foundation for NO source control by SO2.*Yang, Suhang; Xu, Zhifeng; Singh, AmardeepBEvaluation of compressive strength using novel in situ test methodgcompressive strength; concrete core; in situ shear testing; laboratory core double shear testing methodDouble shear test method (DSTM) proposed in the past is commonly used for the estimation of the in situ compressive strength of concrete. A novel in situ compressive testing method (IST), which can reduce core testing time from 2 to 3 days to 30 min using short cores tested in site is developed and proposed in this paper. The core samples with different diameters and lengths were tested using the in situ single shear test (IST) and then compared with DSTM. No significant difference exists in the core strength results obtained from the Student's t tests by IST and DSTM. A correction factor correlating the results obtained using IST methods was therefore provided. Experimental results indicate that an excellent correlation exists between concrete IST strength and cube compressive strength (10-60 MPa). Since no extraction of the core is needed, the specimens can be readily and quickly prepared in situ with less damage to the structure. The verification investigation shows that the IST can provide a more accurate estimate of in-place cube strength than the core drilling method and can be performed easier than the core drilling method, with less time-consuming than other methods.!Jiang, Feng; Hou, Rongxi; Tao, Li~Electromagnetic image recognition of a defect profile on a metal surface with a protective layer based on magnetic disturbanceINSIGHT\magnetic field disturbance; defect profile; non-destructive testing; electromagnetic im< agingINSPECTION; SENSOR; CRACKS; NDTOIn order to obtain defect information quickly and effectively and improve the accuracy and evaluation ability of traditional electromagnetic non -destructive testing (NDT), an electromagnetic image recognition method for the defect profile based on magnetic field disturbance is proposed in this paper. The excitation coil structure is designed, the excitation mode of the signal source is optimised and a three-dimensional electromagnetic transient analysis model is established for defect profile identification of a metal surface with an anti -corrosion protective layer. The research shows that the disturbed magnetic field Bz has the characteristics of high-resolution imaging and symmetry. The orientation of the defect on the surface has different effects on the clarity of image recognition. The larger the angle between the defect boundary and the induced current, the more complete and clear the image formed by the disturbed magnetic field Bz . A rectangular square wave is the best excitation signal for defect recognition. Its Bz image at t = 0 can present complete shape and position information about the defect. In addition, the excitation coil structure based on the principle of the disturbed magnetic field must provide a uniform induced current to produce a pronounced disturbed magnetic field. It is concluded that electromagnetic imaging technology based on the disturbed magnetic field Bzcan better detect and characterise the shape of metal surface defects without damaging the metal protective layer and has good application potential for NDT and safety evaluation of in -service equipment.TCai, Lihong; Kim, Jin-Cheol; Geng, Meiling; Tran, Van Loi; Kim, Dong; Hong, Sung-TaeEffect of Nozzle Geometry on the Injection Characteristics of Liquid CO2 as a Volatile Lubricant and Coolant for Aluminum Hot StampingMAdditive manufacturing; Hot stamping; Lubrication; Quenching; Volatile mediumTRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; ALLOY2As an effort to develop sustainable aluminum hot stamping with a concept of dry metal forming, the effects of nozzle geometry on the injection characteristics of liquid CO2 as lubricant and coolant are investigated experimentally. Additive manufacturing (AM) with selective laser melting is utilized to fabricate sub-millimeter diameter injection nozzles with different geometries. The experimental results show that the injection characteristics of the liquid CO2 depend strongly on the nozzle geometry. For the same outlet diameter of the nozzle (0.6 mm), a confusor nozzle performs better than diffuser or straight nozzles in terms of the spray contour and wetting area. Consequently, the confusor nozzle is clearly advantageous in quenching and lubrication. The confusor nozzle presents the highest cooling rate of 148 degrees C/s and the AMed die with confusor nozzles presents the lowest friction coefficient of 0.26. The present study confirms that the lubrication and cooling performances of the liquid CO2 can be enhanced through a proper design of nozzle geometry.TChoudhary, Sumit; Singh, Amardeep; Jain, Abhishek; Gupta, Rajesh; Chaudhary, SandeepEffect of Fiber Volume Fraction of Waste Originated Tire Fiber and w/c Ratio on Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded ConcreteKIRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING`Rubber fiber; Chloride penetration; Rubberized concrete; Functionally graded rubberized concreteREINFORCED-CONCRETE; DURABILITY PROPERTIES; RUBBER PARTICLES; STEEL FIBER; STRENGTH; RESISTANCE; AGGREGATE; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITE; ABRASIONThe natural fine aggregates required for concrete works diminishes day by day with development in the construction industry. Also, the waste rubber obtained from used tires is nonrecyclable, severely impacts the environment and human health, and constitutes a large amount of global waste. In this quest, a systematic, detailed empirical examination has been carried out on the functionally graded rubberized concrete (FGRC) containing rubber fibers as a substitute of fine aggregates to assess the density, compressive<  strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, abrasion resistance, water absorption, chloride penetration, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. FGRC was cast in two equal half layers of control concrete and rubber fiber concrete for different replacements (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) of rubber fiber and different water-cement ratios (0.35, 0.45, and 0.55). The focus was provided on the combined effect of the w/c ratio and fiber concentration on the FGRC. Microstructural analysis was done on the specimens through scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy to gain indepth facts about the FGRC interface. Results proved that concrete with a lower w/c ratio proved best in compressive and flexural strength, and there was a decline in the results after the fiber replacement of 20%. Splitting tensile strength also showed less variation after a 20% replacement ratio. Based on the results, the up to 20% of the replacement ratio of waste tire rubber fiber are advised, which can be progressively used at members where desired flexural strength and compressive strength are needed, such as special slabs, bridges, pavements, flyovers, railway sleepers, and other structural members.7Chen, Wengang; Kou, Jiaqing; Yang, Wenkai; Pan, ShugangeDynamic-mode-decomposition-based gradient prediction for adjoint-based aerodynamic shape optimization_Aerodynamic shape optimization; Adjoint method; Dynamic mode decomposition; Gradient predictionSOLVERSAccurate and efficient gradient computation is the key to aerodynamic shape optimization. In this paper, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is employed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the early pseudo-time marching of adjoint equations and to predict the gradient. Besides the first-order zero-frequency mode, other zero-frequency modes also contribute to the pseudo iterations of the adjoint equations in the early iterations. Hence, different from existing methods, all zero-frequency modes are retained to reconstruct adjoint fields for gradient prediction. Moreover, to further improve the modeling accuracy, an improved DMD (IDMD) is proposed by omitting the initial snapshots in early iterations. The effect of pseudo-time step on modeling accuracy is also studied. By solving the adjoint equations of the transonic and subsonic flows, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified. Results indicate that the proposed method still works despite the conventional solution process diverges. Through aerodynamic shape optimization examples of transonic flow over an airfoil, the number of adjoint pseudo-time steps is remarkably reduced by 83%, which indicates the proposed IDMD-based gradient prediction method has great potential for improving the efficiency of aerodynamic shape optimization.'Zhang, Mengyu; Ying, Shanshan; Xu, XingADual-Channel Supply Chain Coordination with Loss-Averse Consumers:RESALE PRICE MAINTENANCE; RETAILER; MANUFACTURER; NETWORKSMost studies on supply chain coordination assume that consumers are rational. However, with the development of e-commerce, consumer-bounded rationality has become an important issue with respect to supply chain coordination. Based on the assumption that some consumers are loyal to the offline shop and others are reference-dependent, this article examines the mechanism of vertical restraints and their competitive effects. This research study found that compared with the assumption of rational consumers used in previous literature, vertical restraints help internalize the channel price gap externality when consumers are loss averse. When separately operating, the offline shop will set a higher price due to its consumers' higher loyalty and willingness to pay. However, given the positive externality of this price to the online retail sales, the offline price is still lower than the level under vertical integration. When the upstream manufacturer achieves supply chain coordination with vertical restraint contracts, the channel price gap externality is internalized, and the channel price gap expands to stimulate loss-averse consumers' purchasing decisio< ns.mLi, Xin; Ge, Dongdong; Zhu, Nanwen; Zong, Yukai; Cheng, Shi; Zhou, Pin; Jiang, Min; Gu, Yun; Huang, Shouqiang_Dry solidification of chloride salts and heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash by mayeniteWASTE MANAGEMENTQWaste incineration fly ash; Mayenite; Chloride ions; Heavy metals; SolidificationSOLID-ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE; ION BATTERIES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; THERMAL-TREATMENT; MSW INCINERATION; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; OXIDE CATALYSTS; CU-MNO; MECHANISMNThere are hazardous substances such as chloride salts and heavy metals in the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (WIFA). During thermal treatment, the concentrated chlorides promote the volatilization of heavy metals, increasing the ecological risk. The water washing method is also employed as a pre-treatment for WIFA, but a substantial volume of wastewater with high chloride content is produced that poses challenges for effective treatment. This study integrates chemical stabilization with heat treatment method and suggests the utilization of a calcium aluminum oxide-mayenite (CA) for the solidification of chloride salts and heavy metals in WIFA. The experimental results indicate that adding CA for heat treatment has a significant solidification effect on chlorides. Under the conditions of WIFA: CA mass ratio of 1: 1 and temperature of 1200 degrees C, the chloride ions were solidified by forming Ca12Al14O32Cl2, with a fixation efficiency of up to 85 %, and most of the chlorides in WIFA became insoluble instead of soluble. Most of the heavy metals in WIFA were immobilized and doped into the crystal structure of CA, forming the catalytic metal-rich Ca12Al14O32Cl2 phase, which was subsequently applied to the degradation of chlorobenzene. Under an initial concentration of 512 ppm, the degradation efficiency of chlorobenzene reached 50.4 %. Through the introduction of CA, not only the solidification of chloride and heavy metals is achieved, but the high-value resource utilization of the final heat treatment product is also realized, providing a new method for the disposal of fly ash.CGuo, Yan; Liao, Xuhui; Meng, Haodong; Dong, Fulong; Yang, Shang-KuoiDesign, modeling, and simulation of a novel transducer for vibration energy recovery system of speed bump?TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGvibration energy recover; transducer; speed bump; integrated design; coupling system dynamics; mathematical modeling; simulation; mechanism analysis; power (co-)generationBased on the designed vibration energy recovery system of speed bump, the structure and principle of a novel transducer are introduced in this paper, which is an important part of the system. AMEsim simulation software was used to study the characteristics of the transducer, and the feasibility of the transducer design was verified through modeling and analysis of the dual-cylinder transducer. The coupling model of vehicle speed bump and transducer was analyzed, the dynamic differential equation was listed, and the decoupling operation was carried out. On the basis of the above, Matlab/Simulink was used to establish the model simulation, and the time-domain responses of displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the vibration of the car body, wheel, and transducer in the coupling model system were analyzed. The control variable method was used to further explore the time-domain response of vehicle acceleration in the coupling system only when the vehicle speed changes or the transducer damping changes. Finally, the vibration energy recovery system of the speed bump was built, and the preliminary test proved that the transducer can realize its function.FShi, Naiyu; Li, He; Xu, Ting; Hua, Hongliang; Ye, Junhong; Chen, Zheng`Design, Analysis, and Optimization Testing of a Novel Modular Walking Device for Pipeline RobotsMACHINESUmodular walking device; pipeline robots; motion modes; Mecanum wheel; orthogonal testThis article investigates the limitations associated with traditional wheel-type pipeline walking devices, which are characterized by a single movem< ent mode and an inability to navigate complex or irregular pipeline structures. A modular walking device (MWD) designed for pipeline robots was developed utilizing structural and mechanical analysis techniques. The reliability of the mechanical analysis was validated through single-factor dynamic testing. To analyze and optimize the factors influencing the maneuverability and obstacle-crossing capabilities of the MWD, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal testing method was utilized. The factors examined included the rotational speed of the walking wheel (RS), the pre-tightening force of the wheel brackets (PF), and the height of the annular obstacle (OH). The evaluation metrics used were the slip rate and passability. The results indicated that a parameter combination of RS at 70 rpm, PF at 30 N, and OH at 10 mm produced a slip rate of 11.6% +/- 1.5%. During the obstacle traversal process, the remainder of the device maintained a safe distance from the obstacles, with only the walking wheel making contact. The verification testing also confirmed that the MWD is capable of executing three distinct modes of motion: rectilinear, rotational, and helical. The MWD designed and developed in this study can switch between multiple motion modes and successfully overcome obstacles within 15 mm, providing a new equipment for universities to enhance mechanized pipeline detection technology.EJu, Jintao; Xu, Peng; Li, Shuqing; Xu, Tong; Ju, Fangming; Du, JiahuiqDesign and Optimization Method with Independent Radial and Axial Capacity for 3-DOF Magnetic Bearings in Flywheel`six-pole radial-axial hybrid magnetic bearing; optimization; genetic algorithm; flywheel batteryMACHINE; SYSTEMThe six-pole radial-axial hybrid magnetic bearing (RAHMB) has the advantages of small space and low power consumption, making it suitable for flywheel batteries. The bearing capacity and the volume are the main specifications of magnetic bearings that should be considered comprehensively. In this work, the six-pole RAHMB was used in a horizontal flywheel battery. As the axial bearing capacity is relatively smaller than the radial bearing capacity, a design method with independent radial and axial bearing capacity is proposed, and the parameters are optimized to minimize the volume. The mathematical model of six-pole RAHMB was derived from the equivalent magnetic circuit method. The relationships between bearing capacity, biased flux density, saturation flux density and the section area of magnetic poles were analyzed. The basic principle of the design method with independent radial and axial bearing capacity is to determine which five of the variables are preferred. According to the design method, one radial or axial biased flux density should be optimized to minimize the volume, and the genetic algorithm (GA) was adopted to search for the optimal value. The structural parameters were designed based on the optimized value of biased flux density. The total volume of the six-pole RAHMB was reduced by 24%. A 3D finite element (FE) model was built. The analysis results and experimental results show that the proposed design and the optimization method are feasible and valid.^Chen, Lian-Meng; Li, Ze-Bin; Zhang, He; Liu, Yi-Jie; Zeng, Yi-Hong; Zhou, Yi-Yi; Dong, Shi-Lin^Design Optimisation of a Cable-Strut Tensile Structure According to the Importance of Elementscable-strut tensile structure; structural robustness; importance coefficient of an element; genetic algorithm; design optimisation for an element section; optimisation of the cable arrangement designREDUNDANCY; MEMBERS=In this study, the design of a flexible cable-strut tensile structure was optimised according to the importance of elements to achieve high structural robustness. First, the importance coefficients of elements were determined by comparing their structural prefailure and postfailure strain energy. Moreover, the effects of the external load, the initial prestress, and the cross-sectional areas of elements on the importance coefficients were analysed. Second, a genetic algorithm was used to optimise<  element section design and minimise the maximum importance coefficient. Third, an optimised cable arrangement scheme was developed by adding an alternative load transfer path to the outer hoop cable with the highest importance coefficient. In this scheme, outer elements have a Levy-type arrangement rather than a Geiger-type arrangement so that a Geiger-Levy composite cable dome is formed. Finally, the cable arrangement and element section design for the aforementioned scheme were comprehensively optimised to reduce the maximum importance coefficient. The results of this study indicated that different elements had different importance coefficients, which exhibited different trends with changes in the external load, the initial prestress, and the cross-sectional areas of elements. Element section optimisation, cable arrangement optimisation, and the comprehensive optimisation reduced the maximum importance coefficient by 20.5%, 11.6%, and 27.7%, respectively, which indicated that these optimisation processes can effectively improve the robustness of cable-strut tensile structures.NZhu, Zhaohuan; Wu, Feng; Sun, Wenqing; Wu, Quanying; Liang, Feng; Zhang, WuhanDepth Estimation Based on MMwave Radar and Camera Fusion with Attention Mechanisms and Multi-Scale Features for Autonomous Driving VehiclesSradar and camera; multi-scale feature fusion; attention mechanism; depth estimationAutonomous driving vehicles have strong path planning and obstacle avoidance capabilities, which provide great support to avoid traffic accidents. Autonomous driving has become a research hotspot worldwide. Depth estimation is a key technology in autonomous driving as it provides an important basis for accurately detecting traffic objects and avoiding collisions in advance. However, the current difficulties in depth estimation include insufficient estimation accuracy, difficulty in acquiring depth information using monocular vision, and an important challenge of fusing multiple sensors for depth estimation. To enhance depth estimation performance in complex traffic environments, this study proposes a depth estimation method in which point clouds and images obtained from MMwave radar and cameras are fused. Firstly, a residual network is established to extract the multi-scale features of the MMwave radar point clouds and the corresponding image obtained simultaneously from the same location. Correlations between the radar points and the image are established by fusing the extracted multi-scale features. A semi-dense depth estimation is achieved by assigning the depth value of the radar point to the most relevant image region. Secondly, a bidirectional feature fusion structure with additional fusion branches is designed to enhance the richness of the feature information. The information loss during the feature fusion process is reduced, and the robustness of the model is enhanced. Finally, parallel channel and position attention mechanisms are used to enhance the feature representation of the key areas in the fused feature map, the interference of irrelevant areas is suppressed, and the depth estimation accuracy is enhanced. The experimental results on the public dataset nuScenes show that, compared with the baseline model, the proposed method reduces the average absolute error (MAE) by 4.7-6.3% and the root mean square error (RMSE) by 4.2-5.2%.6Yang, Wenkai; Liu, Wenhao; Jia, Yunlong; Chen, Wengang`Coupled filling-curing simulation and optimized design of cure cycle in liquid composite moldingDLiquid composite molding; Cure cycle; Co-simulation; Flow simulationbNUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; RESIN; PERMEABILITY; PREDICTION; STRESSES; FLOWnLiquid composite molding (LCM) is a common technology for manufacturing the polymer composites. The LCM process involves a non-isothermal flow of resin which influences the curing stage. The gradient of curing degree generated before gel point in curing stage seriously affects the quality of composites. The optimized design of cure cycle plays a crucial role in reducing gradient of curing degree. In this pa< per, the influence of non-isothermal flow on curing stage is considered. Based on ANSYS FLUENT software, the 3D non-isothermal resin filling-curing co-simulation is applied. The flow parameters, temperature parameters, and curing reaction parameters are fully considered in the co-simulation simulation, which can realize the multi-field coupling of thermal-flow-chemical field in the LCM process. The effectiveness of the co-simulation is verified by non-isothermal experiment of LCM process. An optimization method of cure cycle which the gradient of curing degree decreases significantly before the gel point is proposed. Through this method, the data obtained from the cyclic co-simulation to determine the temperature and heating rate at different curing times, and finally the optimal cure cycle, is obtained. Furthermore, these results have industrial significance for improving the LCM manufacturing of the key composite parts in aircraft, automobile, and ship technology.HWang, Liangliang; Zou, Zhixiang; Su, Chun; Jia, Xiaofeng; Guo, Zhongning@Copper foil microforming through underwater laser oblique impactOPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY+Laser; Cavitation; Deformation; MicrogrooveFABRICATION; PRESSURE; SHEETPLaser-induced cavitation impact forming is a high-speed forming process that employs a high-energy laser to produce cavitation in a liquid and act on the workpiece. When the laser is irradiated vertically to the workpiece surface through the guide hole, oxidation occurs on the produced workpiece's surface, affecting the surface quality. Laser-induced cavitation oblique impact workpiece formation is proposed in this paper. The surface quality of the workpiece created at various angles is investigated by adjusting the angle between the laser and the guide hole. A finite element model (FEM) was employed to simulate the temperature change and collapse speed of laser-induced cavitation, and a hydrophone was utilized to measure the impact pressure of laser-induced cavitation under various guide holes. The variations in forming depth and surface quality of the workpiece caused by laser-induced cavitation oblique impact were investigated experimentally. The experimental results show that as the angle between the laser and the guide hole increases from 0 degrees to 90 degrees , the width of the oxidized area on the surface of the formed micro-groove decreases from 513 mu m to 0 mu m, the forming depth of the microgroove decreases from 80 mu m to 20 mu m, and the surface roughness of formed parts decreases from 2.93 mu m to 0.56 mu m. The oxidation of the formed workpiece surface during the oblique laser impact is primarily caused by the laser irradiation, according to the analysis of the surface oxidation mechanism of the formed micro-grooves. When the angle between the laser and the guide hole is 60 degrees , all of the heat emitted by the laser is focused to the guide hole's inner surface. The angle between the laser and the pilot hole was set to 60 degrees in the experiment, and the micro-groove structure was generated by three impacts, with the thickness distribution of the formed groove investigated. The results demonstrate that the largest thinning of the micro-groove cross-section occurs at the mold's entry and the bottom of the micro-groove, with thinning rates of 20 % and 15 %, respectively.nZhao, Che; Liu, Jinglong; Duan, Lei; Lan, Rui; Yu, Xiaobo; Hua, Hongliang; Zhou, Chao; Liu, Qingping; Xu, Chao_Biomimetic Water-Responsive Helical Actuators for Space-Efficient and Adaptive Robotic GrippersgRobotic gripper; Biomimetic; Responsive deformation; Composite material structure; Hybrid manufacturing*SELF-BURIAL; MECHANICS; DISPERSAL; COILINGTraditional robotic grippers encounter significant challenges when handling small objects in confined spaces, underscoring the need for innovative instruments with enhanced space efficiency and adaptability. Erodium cicutarium awns have evolved hygroresponsive helical deformation, efficiently driving seeds into soil crevices with limited space utilization. Drawing inspiration from this natural mechan< ism, we developed a biomimetic thin-walled actuator with water-responsive helical capabilities. It features a composite material structure comprising common engineering materials with low toxicity. Leveraging fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology and the composite impregnation process, the actuator's manufacturing process is streamlined and cost-effective, suitable for real-world applications. Then, a mathematical model is built to delineate the relationship between the biomimetic actuator's key structural parameters and deformation characteristics. The experimental results emphasize the actuator's compact dimension (0.26 mm thickness) and its capability to form a helical tube under 5 mm diameter within 60 s, demonstrating outstanding space efficiency. Moreover, helical characteristics and stiffness of the biomimetic actuators are configurable through precise modifications to the composite material structure. Consequently, it is capable of effectively grasping an object smaller than 3 mm. The innovative mechanism and design principles hold promise for advancing robotic technology, particularly in fields requiring high space efficiency and adaptability, such as fine tubing decongestion, underwater sampling, and medical endoscopic surgery.gDong, Shuang; Yuan, Xin; Chen, Yiyi; Liu, Baoliang; Dai, Renxing; Dai, Feiyang; Xiang, Meng; Yang, ZhouiAssembling of self-supported metal-organic framework aerogel heterojunction for enhancing glucose sensingHSelf-supported; MOF aerogel; Heterojunction structure; Glucose detectionThe integration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on the macroscopic level by a self-assembly method is regarded as an efficient way to realize the practical applications of MOFs. Herein, we designed and prepared a high-performance electrochemical glucose sensor that depended on self-supporting Co-MOF aerogel intergraded with gold nanoparticles. The aerogel heterojunction structure offers convenient mass transfer and electronic transport channels towards electrochemical sensing of glucose. This so-formed Co-MOF/Au aerogel (Co-MOF/ Au-gel) electrode displays improved sensing properties even when the content of Au in Co-MOF/Au-gel is as low as 1.61 wt%. We firmly believe that this work can provide a new idea in material design for electrocatalysis and electrochemical sensing.0Yang, Yushan; Liao, Hong; Zhou, De; Zhu, JianqundAnalytical Solution for Seismic Stability of 3D Rock Slope Reinforced with Prestressed Anchor Cablesanalytical solution; 3D two-stage slope; prestressed anchor; modified pseudo-dynamic method; particle swarm optimization algorithmLIMIT ANALYSIS; CHARTS#Currently, the study of analytical solutions for the seismic stability of slopes under anchorage conditions is one of the hottest subjects in engineering. In this paper, an analytical solution for the seismic safety of the three-dimensional (3D) two-stage rock slope reinforced with prestressed anchor cables governed by the nonlinear Hoek-Brown criterion was deduced, in which the analyses of seismicity were performed by the latest modified pseudo-dynamic method. This method supplements the consideration of the damping effect of the rock medium on seismic waves, which is more in line with the real seismic situation. A mathematical geometric model was developed for calculating the external forces work and internal energy dissipation acting on 3D rotating rock masses reinforced with prestressed anchor cables, in which the seismic work rate was calculated using a new layer-by-layer superposition summation method. The analytical solution of the safety factor could be collated as an explicit function of several variables, and then, the optimal value was obtained by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. To corroborate the accuracy of new analytical solutions, the results were contrasted with those of the pertinent literature. The results of the two comparisons were very close. Ultimately, the sensitivity analyses and coupling effects of seismic pseudo-dynamic factors and prestressing anchorage factors were carried out. It was found that e< ven small seismic intensities had a large effect on the stability of rock slopes with developed joints. Increasing the number of steps and prestressing anchors can effectively improve the stability of rock slopes under seismic effects. The conclusions have significant implications for the anchorage design of the 3D two-stage rock slope as seismic events occur.4Gao, Shen; Zhang, Jin-Ke; Tang, Xin-Ting; Chen, KangAnalysis of the Mechanism of Microwave Radiation Generated by the Weak Interaction Between Relativistic Electron Beam and Plasma with a Transverse Magnetic Field:Electron beam; magnetic field; plasma; dispersion relationThis article establishes a physical model of the interaction between a surface electron beam and the plasma with a transverse magnetic field. The dispersion relation of the beam-plasma interaction is derived by using the field matching method. The effects of magnetic field, electron beam electron density, and plasma density on the radiation frequency and z-direction wave vector are studied. The results indicate that the stronger the transverse magnetic field is, the higher is the cutoff frequency of plasma radiation. The higher the plasma density or electron beam electron density is, the higher are the corresponding radiation frequency and radiation wave number.Ye, Haihan; Chen, Wu; Wu, HenggAnalysis of the Existence of Stable Equilibrium Points in the WPP-MMC System Under Symmetrical AC FaultVoltage control; Phase locked loops; Synchronization; Power system stability; Codes; Limiting; Current control; Fault ride-through; MMC-HVDC; stable equilibrium point; synchronization stability; wind power plant SYNCHRONIZATION STABILITY; GRIDSUnder the scenario of offshore wind power trans- mission, the system the wind power plant connecting to a modular multilevel converter (WPP-MMC) under faults is investigated, the fault interactions are modeled, and its impact on the existence of stable equilibrium point (SEP) is revealed, as a prerequisite for maintaining synchronization during fault ride-through. Consider- ing that both WPP and MMC have their own control dynamics, e.g., reactive current limiting mode or low voltage ride-through mode for WPP and voltage source mode or current source mode for MMC, the WPP-MMC system may exhibit multiple operating conditions, based on which the fault interactions inside the system become more complex and diverse. Focusing on this phenomenon, this paper analyzes the existence of SEP under each operating condition, so that the optimal parameter settings for maintaining synchronization can be obtained. Moreover, this paper finds an interesting phenomenon that multiple SEPs may exist under the same fault, which brings fresh reflections on the application of classic theoretical tools in WPP-MMC systems. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis and parameter settings is verified by simulation results.8Tang, Yingwei; Zhou, Dequn; Zhu, Shichao; Ouyang, LinhanLA probabilistic uncertain linguistic approach for FMEA-based risk assessment0data-driven; FMEA; PULTSs; regret theory; WASPAS FAILURE MODEFailure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is acknowledged as a beneficial instrument for identifying and mitigating system failures. However, the traditional FMEA method has its limitations. For instance, crisp numbers fail to adequately represent the intricate information and cognitive nuances of experts. Additionally, the conventional approach overlooks the significance of weights assigned to FMEA experts and risk factors (RFs). Furthermore, the simplistic ranking of failure modes in traditional FMEA does not accurately reflect priorities. In light of these drawbacks, this paper introduces an innovative, fully data-driven FMEA method, leveraging a probabilistic uncertain linguistic term sets (PULTSs) environment and the Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method. In the assessment process, PULTSs serve as linguistic tools that express probability distribution, allowing for a more reasonable and precise description of information. To address the issue of weights for<  RFs, the regret theory and Modified CRITIC method are employed. Subsequently, the WASPAS method is applied to determine the risk rankings of failure modes. To illustrate the feasibility and rationality of this novel FMEA model, the paper includes an example involving the production of Lithium-ion batteries. To emphasize the excellence of the proposed FMEA model, sensitivity and comparative analyses are carried out.rA TRAJECTORY-TRACKING CONTROLLER FOR IMPROVING THE SAFETY AND STABILITY OF FOUR-WHEEL STEERING AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES TRANSPORTfour-wheel steering; curved trajectory-tracking; active disturbance rejection control; anti-crosswind; anti-sideslip; anti-rollover; CarSim (R)|OPTIMAL PREVIEW CONTROL; INTEGRATED CONTROL; ROLLOVER PREVENTION; LATERAL STABILITY; DESIGN; AUTOMOBILE; ENHANCEMENT; SYSTEMNTo achieve anti-crosswind, anti-sideslip, and anti-rollover in trajectory-tracking for Four-Wheel Steering (4WS) autonomous vehicles, a trajectory-tracking controller based on a four-channel Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) was used to track the desired lateral displacement, longitudinal displacement, yaw angle, and roll angle, and minimize the tracking errors between the actual output values and the desired values through static decoupling steering and braking systems. In addition, the anti-crosswind, anti-sideslip, and anti-rollover simulations were implemented with CarSim (R). Finally, the simulation results showed that the 4WS autonomous vehicle with the controller still has good anti-crosswind, anti-sideslip, and anti-rollover performance in path tracking, even under a small turning radius or low-adhesion curved roads.fWang, Rui; Hu, Chunhua; Han, Jiangang; Hu, Xiangdong; Zhao, Yuankun; Wang, Qian; Sun, Hao; Xie, YuningVA Hierarchic Method of Individual Tree Canopy Segmentation Combing UAV Image and LiDAR+ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERINGKCanopy segmentation; Pixel binning; Coordinate projection; Width estimation6CROWN DELINEATION; POINT CLOUDS; MULTISCALE; ALGORITHMThe individual tree crown segmentation (ITCs) technology based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is an important means for remote forestry parameter investigation. However, due to the characteristics of tree canopy heterogeneity and high canopy density in forest land, ITCs accurate segmentation of forest land still faces challenges. In this paper, a method, which combines UAV point cloud and image to obtain spatial information and texture information of forest land, is proposed so as to achieve accurate segmentation of individual tree crowns. Firstly, edge-energy function is proposed for UAV image segmentation. Subsequently, the approach involves using a improved method of kernel density estimation on the long axis and improved Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to segmenting three-dimensional (3-D) clustering components. To validate the efficacy of the algorithm proposed in this research, we used 5 plots to conduct comparative experiments. The experimental findings demonstrated that our algorithm outperforms the other three methods across various stand densities, yielding a higher f-value. Especially in plot3, the f-value of the method is at least 0.82, which is 0.07, 0.04 and 0.04 higher than that of BMask R-CNN, layer stacking and GMM, respectively. Moreover, Our algorithm still shows superiority in the segmentation of different tree species. The experimental results show that our algorithm can not only provide accurate segmentation results in dense forest areas, but also has generalization.=Xu, Ye; Duan, Lihua; Yu, Xiaodong; Wang, Tian; Shi, Yingzhong_A Category-Specific Dictionary Learning Method Tailored for Reconstruction-Based Feature CodingEncoding; Dictionaries; Image reconstruction; Visualization; Feature extraction; Machine learning; Training; Image classification; bag-of-visual-words; dictionary learning; reconstruction; category-specificIMAGE CLASSIFICATIONBag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) is still a useful image classification model when there is not enough data to use Deep Learning. In BoVW model, the practice of reducing<  the reconstruction errors of local features can improve the classification accuracy owing to the decrease of information loss. Many reconstruction-based coding methods are proposed to learn a visual dictionary and encode local features via minimizing the reconstruction errors of local features with constraints. Besides this, the accuracy can also be improved by learning the category-specific dictionaries and then encoding features based on these dictionaries. By considering the two practices together, we propose a simple category-specific dictionary learning method tailored for reconstruction-based feature coding. Our method can be used as a universal one to improve the classification accuracies of many reconstruction-based coding methods, which is the highlight of our method. Concretely, a universal dictionary is learned by employing a reconstruction-based coding method and then refined for each category to obtain the category-specific dictionary of this category. When encoding a feature by a category-specific dictionary, the visual words for encoding it are decided in advance by the indices, which correspond to the non-zero elements of its coding vector obtained with the universal dictionary. The effectiveness of our method is validated by observing whether there is an accuracy improvement after applying our method. Our results on Scene-15, Caltech-101, and UIUC-Sports datasets show that the accuracies of four representative coding methods are improved by about 0.3% to 2.7%, which experimentally demonstrates the universality and effectiveness of our method.4Wang, Yong; Li, Jiachen; Meng, Haodong; Chen, Li-QunVibration Attenuation of an Electromechanical Coupling Transmission System Driven by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Using the Torsional Inerter-Based Nonlinear Energy SinkxInerter; Nonlinear energy sink; Electromechanical coupling transmission system; Torsional vibration; Dynamic performancePurposeThe widespread adoption of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in new energy electric vehicle has led to the emergence of electromechanical coupling transmission system (ECTS). However, the ECTS is prone to torsional vibration during startup, braking and other transient conditions. The purpose of this study is to propose a torsional inerter-based nonlinear energy sink (INES) based on the elastic connected disc mechanism for suppressing the torsional vibration of the ECTS.MethodsThis paper establishes a dynamic model of the ECTS coupled with INES, accounting for both the nonlinearity in electromagnetic excitation and the nonlinear characteristic of the INES, and investigates its performance under various excitations. This study assesses the influence of PMSM and INES structural parameters on the ECTS dynamics and optimizes the INES structural parameters using a genetic algorithm.ResultsUsing the INES results in smaller torsional angle peak amplitude and broader stable frequency region under harmonic excitation. Using the INES leads to smaller torsional angle amplitude and shorter vibration attenuation time under shock excitation. Using the INES decreases the root mean square (RMS) value of relative torsional angle between the transmission system and PMSM under random excitation. The optimized INES further reduces the RMS values of relative torsional angle and improves the system stability.ConclusionThe proposed torsional INES combines the mass amplification property of the inerter and the vibration reduction effect of NES, it can enhance the dynamic performance of the ECTS and also meet the lightweight design requirement in the transmission system.Chai, Jimin; Pan, ShuyanqUnified Algorithm Based on Rotating Phasors for Accurate Detection of Inrush Currents in Three-Phase TransformersWindings; Circuit faults; Current transformers; Phase transformers; Protection; Surge protection; Inrush current; Three-phase transformer; delta-connected winding; inrush current; second harmonic; rotating phasorThe detection of inrush currents is vital for transformer differential protection. The mainstream method for detecting inr< ush current is based on the second harmonic content of the differential current. However, the vector compensation used in the differential protection of three-phase transformers may reduce the second harmonic content in the differential current, resulting in misoperation when the transformer is energized. This study proposes an innovative unified algorithm based on rotating phasors to improve the accuracy of detecting inrush current when three-phase transformers are energized. Compared with existing methods that generally require external system parameters of the transformer and are only applicable to energizing from the wye windings of the three-phase transformers, the proposed algorithm is based solely on the measurable line currents of the transformer. Both theoretical analysis and PSCAD simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm markedly improves the accuracy of inrush current identification in three-phase transformers when the transformer is energized from the wye windings and also from the delta windings or with load. The proposed algorithm presents a new identification method for the per-phase blocking of differential protection.=Yu, Zhiwu; Li, Yaoming; Du, Xiaoxue; Liu, Yanbin; Ji, KuizhouiUnbalance detection of threshing cylinder in non-stationary rotation based on variational mode extractiondVariational mode extraction; Threshing cylinder; Non-stationary rotation; Unbalance detection; Rotor#ROTOR; PERFORMANCE; SIGNALS; SYSTEMThe rotating speed of the threshing cylinder was hardly constant in practice due to transmission error and cylinder speed would change with feed quantity to ensure the grain threshing effect. This paper proposed a novel unbalance detection method for non-stationary rotation. Variational mode extraction (VME) was introduced to extract unbalanced vibration signal and the unbalance feature index (UFI) was constructed as a criterion of weighting factor selection. Moreover, the unbalance phase calculation method and phase reference in nonstationary were proposed, which could eliminate the influence of speed change. The advantages of VME and UFI were verified by simulation, and the effectiveness of proposed method was proved by experiment on multi- cylinder test rig and combine harvest. This method could realize the reconstruction of unbalanced vibration signal in time-varying speed with low computational cost, break the strict requirement of constant speed of the existing balancing method.WBi, Hui; Wang, Fan; Xiong, Yuhao; Dong, Zhaohui; Jiang, Yibo; Zhao, Tong; Zheng, YinenghUMAM-NET: ultrasound thyroid nodule malignancy grading network based on multi-subnet attention mechanism!PATTERN ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS6Ultrasound; Thyroid; Multi-subnet; Attention mechanismBENIGNBackground and Objectives: Thyroid nodules are one of the most common thyroid diseases, and their incidence has been on the rise in recent years. Ultrasound imaging, due to its low cost and no ionizing radiation, has become the preferred method for imaging thyroid nodules. Accurate assessment of the malignancy grade of thyroid nodules is crucial to ensure the accuracy of subsequent examination and treatment. Texture and shape are key features for determining the nature of thyroid nodules. Despite the excellent performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image feature extraction and aggregation, the low resolution and high noise characteristics of ultrasound images still pose challenges for existing CNN models in identifying texture and shape. Methods: To address this challenge, we propose a thyroid nodule malignancy grading network based on a multi-subnet attention mechanism (UMAM-NET). In the feature extraction stage, we innovatively introduce the multi-subnet attention module. The module designs two parallel subnets, aiming to enhance the model's attention to the texture and shape of thyroid nodules. Results: Compared to other deep learning models, the proposed UMAM-NET performs better in the malignant grading task of thyroid nodules. It demonstrates excellent performance on public datasets, achieving the best resul< ts in Recall (93.1%), F1-score (95.4%), and Accuracy (98.4%). Similarly, it also shows outstanding performance on the sub-collected dataset, with Recall (91.8%), F1-score (92.0%), and Accuracy (94.4%). Conclusion: Our proposed UMAM-NET, based on multi-subnet attention mechanism, provides a promising approach for accurate assessment of thyroid nodule malignancy grade, which can be of great value in clinical practice.;Chen, Ying-Ting; Liu, An; Li, Cheng; Li, Shuang; Yang, XiaobTraffic flow prediction based on spatial-temporal multi factor fusion graph convolutional networksdTraffic flow prediction; Graph convolutional network; Spatial-temporal features; Multi factor fusionMACHINE; MODELRecently, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have become one of the important models for solving traffic flow prediction, but existing models still have two problems: (1) insufficient information utilization: there is a lack of adequate consideration of the relevant characteristic information between the original data flows. Ignoring external weather information. Only considering the interaction influence of limited surrounding nodes on the target node fails to effectively characterize the joint spatial-temporal correlation; (2) receptive field limitation: the existing graph convolution network model may cause the network node features to be too smooth and lose the original information when analyzing the spatial features extracted by the filter used in the traffic flow data. To address the above issues, we proposed a spatial-temporal multi factor fusion graph convolution network (STFGCN), which is composed of multi factor graph fusion module, the GCN based on the auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) filter and the gated recurrent unit (GRU). Specifically, we consider the correlation between historical data, the joint spatial-temporal correlation between nodes, and external weather factors. The GCN based on the ARMA filter is used to extract the spatial features, and the GRU is utilized to capture temporal features from traffic flow data. Experimental results on four public real-world datasets prove the superiority of our model in terms of prediction performance and capturing the dynamic spatial-temporal correlation.*Qi, Xiaosha; Chao, Xin; Ji, Genlin; Li, LeWTime-Efficient Video Anomaly Detection With Parallel Computing and Twice-Reconstruction Anomaly detection; Computational modeling; Parallel processing; Training; Image reconstruction; Memory modules; Feature extraction; Adaptation models; Accuracy; Gaussian distribution; Memory module; parallel computing; twice-reconstructions; video anomaly detection5To tackle two prevalent challenges in video anomaly detection, misclassification of abnormal frames as normal and the prolonged runtime of existing methods, this article proposes a time-efficient anomaly detection method utilizing twice-reconstruction and parallel computing. The proposed method integrates three key innovations: a twice-reconstruction model to amplify the reconstruction error for abnormal frames, a memory module to better capture and utilize normal distribution patterns, and a parallel computing strategy to significantly accelerate anomaly detection. By reconstructing frames twice, our method enhances the model's anomaly detection capabilities. Meanwhile, a memory module is incorporated to retain normal distribution patterns more effectively, reducing the likelihood of misclassifying abnormal frames. Furthermore, parallel computing is employed to minimize runtime and boost detection efficiency. Unlike existing methods, TPR-VAD achieves both high detection accuracy and time efficiency, making it well-suited for real-world applications such as intelligent surveillance systems. Experimental results on the UCSD Ped2, CUHK Avenue, and ShanghaiTech datasets show that our method achieves superior detection accuracy, reaching 99.01%, 91.21%, and 82.77%, respectively, while significantly reducing runtime.1Liu, Mingfang; Zhang, Xiaobing; Yu, Lin; Han, XiaBTheoretical study on ignition compensating temperature sensitivity\Temperature sensit< ivity; interior ballistic; one-dimensional two-phase flow; ignition factorPROPELLANT COMBUSTIONTemperature sensitivity of the propellant has significant influence on the interior ballistic performance of guns. Many physical and chemical approaches are employed to decrease this temperature sensitivity of the propellant. In this article, it is proposed that the temperature sensitivity of the propellant is changed by altering the factors required to ignition. A one-dimensional two-phase flow interior ballistic model is established to analyze the relation between ignition factors and temperature sensitivity. The simulation results show that the propellant temperature sensitivity is changed by altering the ignition factors. That is, the interior ballistic performance is affected by altering the size of fire hole, breaking liner pressure, and ignition location. Based on the simulation results, the temperature sensitivity can be controlled by matching of charges and intelligent control ignition system.?Chen, Lianmeng; Liu, Yijie; Zeng, Yihong; Zhang, He; Zhou, Yiyi}Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Research on the Adjustment for Pre-Stress Deviation of the Cable-Bar Tensile Structurescable-bar tensile structures; construction error; pre-stress deviation adjustment; evaluation of adjustment results; model researchConstruction errors are unavoidable in actual cable-bar tensile structures. Construction error analysis, evaluation, and especially adjustment theories were still in their infancy. For the improvement of the situation, based on the equilibrium equation, physical equation, and geometric equation for pin-joint structures, the member length deviation was adopted as the variable, and the relationship between the pre-stress deviation and member length deviation was determined. On this basis, an adjustment method was devised for the pre-stress deviations under three different conditions, and an evaluation of the effectiveness for pre-stress deviation adjustment was proposed. Finally, a 5-m diameter cable-bar tensile structure model was designed and constructed for simulation. The research results demonstrated that the adjusted pre-stress deviations of measuring points can be effectively corrected, and the theoretical results generally coincided with the experimental results. The adjustment effects of pre-stress deviation varied with the number of adjustment cables, and the adjustment effectiveness gradually decreased with the reduction of the number of adjustment cables. Different adjustment schemes produced different structural deformations, and it was necessary to prioritize the adjustment scheme that resulted in lower peak values of internal forces and shape changes during the adjustment process. The research results indicated that the correctness and validity of the proposed error analysis and adjustment method of pre-stress deviation, and its practical application in the guidance of construction errors analysis, pre-stress deviation adjustments, and evaluation of adjustment results of actual pretension structures.'Zhou, Renyuan; Liu, Yuntong; Zhu, LihuiThe precipitation and coarsening behaviors of Cu-rich particles and the effect on the hardness of S30432 tube after aging and creep at elevated temperatures4INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPINGHS30432 steel; Cu-rich particles; Microstructure; 3DAP; Kinetic; HardnessPHEAT-RESISTANT STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS; PHASE9The precipitation and coarsening behaviors of Cu-rich particles and the effect on the hardness of S30432 tube after aging and creep for up to 25848 h at the elevated temperatures were systematically investigated by the means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) and Vickers hardness measurement. Results show that Cu-rich particles form rapidly during short-term aging and creep at high temperature, and they are always coherent with the gamma-matrix in S30432 steel. Cu-rich particles coarsen slowly, and they are still very fine even after 25848 h of creep. The coarsening of Cu-< rich particles in S30432 steel follows the diffusion-controlled Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) theory, and the coarsening activation energy was estimated to be 238.87 kJ/mol. Increasing temperature effectively increases the coarsening rate of Cu-rich particles by promoting the diffusion of Cu atoms. The coherent relationship between Cu-rich particles and gamma-matrix leads to low interfacial energy of Cu-rich particle/gamma-matrix interface. Based on the experimental results and our former investigations, the interfacial segregation of Mn and Al retards the coarsening of Cu-rich particles by not only decreasing the interfacial energy but also acting as a barrier for the diffusion of Cu atoms. With increasing the time, the retarding effect increases due to the enhanced interfacial segregation of Mn and Al. Cu-rich particles tend to coarsen more quickly during creep than aging in S30432 steel. The precipitation and coarsening behaviors of Cu-rich particles play a vital role in the hardness variation of S30432 steel, appropriate addition of Cu, Mn and Al may be useful for promoting the precipitation and controlling the coarsening of Cu-rich particles to further optimize the strength at the elevated temperature.0Liu, Wenhui; Liu, Ji; Ai, Mengmeng; Xu, YongmingThe Effect of Random Vibration on Performance of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Generator for Hydrogen Fueled Vehicle Turbocharged Drive Recoveryhigh-speed permanent magnet generator; random vibration excitation; flux density of air gap; cogging torque; voltage distortion7Electromagnetic performance of the high-speed permanent magnet generator (HSPMG) used a hydrogen fueled vehicle turbocharged drive recovery with random vibration excitation is researched thoroughly in this paper. Random vibration excitation of unevenness of road surface is acquired by random vibration model constructed by comprehensive consideration of road condition. The natural frequencies and mode of vibration needed in random vibration analysis are extracted by modal analysis of the rotor of generator. The radial deformation of the rotor of HSPMG under extreme driving conditions is obtained by random vibration analysis and the maximum value of eccentric displacement in the air gap is 0.0075 mm. But the radial deformation of the rotor of HSPMG under normal driving conditions can be ignored. The electromagnetic performance of HSPMG with uneven air gap length caused by rotor eccentric displacement, such as flux density distribution of air gap, cogging torque, no-load torque and the no-load voltage are further studied, which the performance of HSPMG is optimized. Li, DanhongSSurface Structure Etching Law of Self-Organizing Nanomaterials Based on AFM and SEMINTEGRATED FERROELECTRICSxAtomic force microscopy; scanning electron microscopy; self-organizing nanomaterials; probe etching; plastic deformation With the rapid development of nanotechnology, more and more products need to be etched on the surface of nanomaterials. Due to its own limitations, it is difficult to obtain in-depth and effective data results. In order to solve the research problem of etching law, this paper studies the surface structure etching law of self-organized nanomaterials by using AFM and SEM, and analyzes its characteristics in detail, and draws the following conclusions: through the use of AFM and SEM, the needles were coated with different forces, etching speeds, and cycles of etching to etch self-organized nanomaterials. The etching depth increased with the increase of etching force. The results show that the self-organized nanomaterials in this paper are suitable for regular etching. Processing; by changing the force parameters applied by the probe, the speed of the probe etch, and the number of cycles of the probe, the etching effect of the diamond-like film coated probe on the P-Si(100) wafer was found. As the etching force increases (1 mu N-12 mu N), the depth and width of the etched self-organized nanomaterial gradually increase, but as the etching force continues to increase (12 mu N-20 mu N), the etch depth appears saturated. The < etch rate has little effect on the etch depth and width.BZhang, Xinyi; Huo, Jinghao; Yuan, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Min; Guo, ShouwuSulfur-Free Expanded Graphite/Paraffin Composite Phase Change Materia with High Thermal Conductivity for Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal ManagementJOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCEasulfur-free expanded graphite; paraffin; phase change material; power battery; thermal managementParaffin (PA) is a common phase change material, which is widely used in battery thermal management systems (BTMS) because of its high latent heat and temperature uniformity, simple system structure, and no increase in battery energy consumption. In this work, sulfur-free expanded graphite (EG) is prepared by oxidation intercalation without H2SO4 in the preparation process, which avoids the harm to devices caused by the S element. The sulfur-free EG exhibits a high expanded volume of 324 mLg-1, which can adsorb PA well to prevent leakage. When the mass filling ratio of EG is 5.0%, EG/PA-5.0 composite films show high latent heat of phase transition (253.08 Jg-1), and thermal conductivity (2.56 Wm-1K-1). EG/PA films are attached to the external surface of the lithium iron phosphate battery for a heat dissipation performance test. When the discharge rate is 1C at room temperature, the surface temperature and maximum temperature difference between temperature measurement points of the battery with EG/PA-5.0 film are 32.1 degrees C and 1.2 degrees C. After charge-discharge at 1C for 100 cycles, the thermal properties of EG/PA remain basically unchanged, and it has good cycle stability. The simulation results are in good agreement with the actual temperature changes of the battery at different discharge rates. This work indicates that sulfur-free EG/PA composite has a good application prospect in BTMS of the power batteries.0Peng, Yang; Zhao, Jun; Chao, Xiangkun; Dong, JunStructural properties of new concrete-filled aluminum alloy composite wall under axial compression, shear and compression-shear_Aluminum alloy composite wall; Cross-section form; Mechanical property; Finite element analysisFLEXURAL BEHAVIORsAluminum alloy materials had been widely used in spatial structures for low density, light self-weight and corrosion resistance. However, for thin-walled components, it was prone to local buckling under pressure and had low bearing capacity. Aluminum alloy could be extrusion molded to make complex cross-sections, by using lightweight concrete filled inside and changing the cross-section form of aluminum alloy, two new types of concrete-filled aluminum alloy composite walls with new cross-section forms were proposed, the problem that aluminum alloy components were prone to local buckling was solved. The cross-section forms of concrete-filled aluminum alloy composite walls under axial compression, pure shear and combined compression-shear loads were optimized. The mechanical properties of variable-wall-thickness and equal-wall-thickness composite walls were compared and analyzed to determine the key parameters affecting the mechanical properties of concretefilled aluminum alloy composite wall components. The results showed that under axial compression load, variable-wall-thickness composite wall that gradually thinned from the corner to the middle had the best mechanical performance. The ultimate bearing capacity of the variable-wall-thickness component was increased by 4.7 % compared with the equal-wall-thickness component, and the ductility coefficient was increased by 13.4 %. While under pure shear and combined compression-shear loads, both members were damaged by the crushing of the concrete at the corner of the compression side of the wall and the outward bulging failure of the aluminum tube at the corner of the wall. The strengthening of the corner of the aluminum tube cavity of the variable-wallthickness member inhibited the extrusion of the aluminum plate by the concrete, so that the outward bulging deformation of the aluminum plate on the compression side was smaller.2Wu, Huanjiang; Wu, Yimin; Liao, Hong; Zhu, JianqunStability of 3D Tun< nel Faces in Inclined Layered Soils Under Steady-State Unsaturated Seepage Based on Grey Relational Analysisctunnel face; inclined layered soils; steady unsaturated seepage condition; grey relational analysisSHEAR-STRENGTH; FAILUREcThis paper aims to estimate the stability of tunnel faces in inclined layered soils under steady unsaturated seepage conditions, comparing the degree of correlation between the stability of the tunnel face and the influence of three types of parameters: unsaturated soil parameters, spatial geometric parameters of soil stratification, and other relevant factors. The study leverages the suction head distribution in multi-layered unsaturated soils, deriving a new formula to compute the effects of steady-state seepage forces with matric suction distribution in inclined stratified soil layers. A three-dimensional discrete rotational failure mechanism model is employed to calculate the critical support force at the tunnel face. The corresponding parametric analysis involves unsaturated soil parameters, spatial geometric parameters, and the variations in these parameters across different soil layers. Based on this analysis, the varying degrees of correlation between tunnel stability and changes in spatial angle parameters co                           ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                            ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~        !"#$%&'()*+,-23456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~nsidering soil stratification, and the variations in unsaturated parameters across different soil layers are thoroughly investigated. The proposed framework serves as a valuable tool for quantitatively assessing the effects of unsaturated seepage forces on the stability of tunnel faces situated within complex, inclined, layered soil formations.2Mao, Bo; Jiang, Daihong; Zhu, Huangqiu; Ju, JintaoSpeed sensorless control of permanent magnet-assisted bearingless synchronous reluctance motor based on enhanced linear extended state observerELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGPermanent magnet-assisted bearingless synchronous reluctance motor; Sensorless control; Enhanced linear extended state observerPOSITION; IMPROVEMENTThe speed sensorless control of permanent magnet-assisted bearingless synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-BSynRM) is more challenging compared to conventional motors, as the coupling between suspension force and torque system increases the observer's estimation error. This paper presents a design method of a speed sensorless control system for PMa-BSynRM based on an enhanced linear extended state observer (ELESO). Firstly, the mechanism of the coupling of PMa-BSynRM suspension force system on the speed fluctuation is analyzed, and the mathematical model of torque system considering the coupling effect of suspension force is obtained. Secondly, a speed sensorless control method based on ELESO is proposed, and a proportional resonance controller is embedded in the original observer. The angular velocity obtained by the phase-locked loop (PLL) is fed back to the proportional resonance controller, enabling speed self-adaptation, enhancing the estimated bandwidth, and minimizing observation error in sensorless control. Finally, the proposed control method is verified by experiments on the digital control platform of PMa-BSynRM, and the experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control method.1Xi, Ji; Xu, Zhe; Zhang, Weiqi; Xie, Yue; Zhao, LiaSpeech Enhancement Algorithm Based on Microphone Array and Multi-Channel Parallel GRU-CNN Network.speech enhancement; microphone array; CNN; GRUwThis paper presents an improved speech enhancement algorithm based on microphone arrays to improve speech enhancement performance in complex settings. The algorithm's model consists of two key components: the feature extraction module and the speech enhancement module. The feature extraction module processes the speech amplitude spectral features derived from STFT (short-time Fourier transform). It employs parallel GRU-CNN (Gated Recurrent Units and CNN Convolutional Neural Network) structures to capture unique channel information, and skip connections are utilized to enhance the model's convergence speed. The speech enhancement module focuses on obtaining cross-channel spatial information. By in< troducing an attention mechanism and applying a global hybrid pooling strategy, it reduces feature loss. This strategy dynamically assigns weights to each channel, emphasizing features that are most beneficial for speech signal restoration. Experimental results on the CHIME3 dataset show that the proposed model effectively suppresses diverse types of noise and outperforms other algorithms in improving speech quality and comprehension.1Xi, Ji; Xu, Zhe; Zhang, Weiqi; Zhao, Li; Xie, YueZSpeech Enhancement Algorithm Based on Microphone Array and Lightweight CRN for Hearing Aid`convolutional recurrent networks; microphone array; hearing aid; speech enhancement; beamforming'To address the performance and computational complexity issues in speech enhancement for hearing aids, a speech enhancement algorithm based on a microphone array and a lightweight two-stage convolutional recurrent network (CRN) is proposed. The algorithm consists of two main modules: a beamforming module and a post-filtering module. The beamforming module utilizes directional features and a complex time-frequency long short-term memory (CFT-LSTM) network to extract local representations and perform spatial filtering. The post-filtering module uses analogous encoding and two symmetric decoding structures, with stacked CFT-LSTM blocks in between. It further reduces residual noise and improves filtering performance by passing spatial information through an inter-channel masking module. Experimental results show that this algorithm outperforms existing methods on the generated hearing aid dataset and the CHIME-3 dataset, with fewer parameters and lower model complexity, making it suitable for hearing aid scenarios with limited computational resources.FDu, Songlin; Zhuang, Zhihan; Wang, Zenghui; Li, Yuan; Ikenaga, TakeshiZSkeleton-Aware Representation of Spatio-Temporal Kinematics for 3D Human Motion Prediction7IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING(Three-dimensional displays; Dynamics; Kinematics; Automation; Time series analysis; Predictive models; Convolution; Attention mechanisms; Electronic mail; Data mining; 3D human motion prediction; learnable temporal aggregation; skeleton-aware spatio-temporal attention; upper/lower decoupling GCN FRAMEWORK 3D human motion prediction, which attempts to foresee the behaviors of human, is an issue of great significance in computer vision. Attention-based neural networks and graph convolution networks (GCNs) have recently shown great promise in 3D skeleton-based human motion prediction for their attractive performance in learning spatial and temporal kinematics. However, existing methods have several critical issues: 1) Spatial dependencies for distal joints in each independent frame are hard to learn; 2) The GCN ignores hierarchical structure and diverse motion patterns of different body parts; 3) Existing methods disregard the statistical interdependence inherent in time series data. To address these issues, this paper proposes a skeleton-aware representation of spatio-temporal kinematics for 3D human motion prediction. The proposed method makes three key contributions: a learnable temporal aggregation, a skeleton-aware spatio-temporal attention, and an upper/lower decoupling GCN. The learnable temporal aggregation selectively obtains past information by leveraging the dependencies between each time step and its historical moments. The skeleton-aware spatio-temporal attention method leverages the self-attention mechanism and a designed adjacency matrix to model the skeleton constraints of distal joints. The upper/lower decoupling GCN introduces a grouping strategy to learn the dynamics of various body parts separately. Experimental results on three publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performances for both short-term prediction and long-term prediction. Note to Practitioners-3D human motion prediction forms a fundamental component of human-centered automation systems by enabling safer, more efficient, and more natural interactions between humans and machines. < This paper was motivated by the challenges of predicting human motion: 1) Explicitly capturing the complex spatial patterns of distal joints is challenging; 2) Neglecting the inter-part variations of motion dynamics is problematic; 3) Neglecting the statistical interdependence inherent in time series data of human motion leads to poor performance. This paper suggests a skeleton-aware representation of spatio-temporal kinematics for 3D human motion prediction through three innovations: a learnable temporal aggregation, a skeleton-aware spatio-temporal attention, and an upper/lower decoupling GCN. The three contributions overcome the weaknesses of existing works and made a pioneering attempt of skeleton-aware representation of spatio-temporal human kinematics. It will significatively advance the development of many automation systems relevant to human motion prediction such as human-robot interaction and teleoperation.?Zhang, Wuyuan; Zhang, Bo; Jin, Songye; Shen, Huoming; Li, ChengSize-dependent dynamics of rotating FG imperfect microplates under in-plane loads using an improved differential quadrature finite element methodImproved DQFEM; Vibration characteristics; Rotating FG imperfect microplates; In-plane loads; Refined plate theory; Modified couple stress theoryFREE-VIBRATION ANALYSIS; FUNCTIONALLY GRADED KIRCHHOFF; THICK RECTANGULAR-PLATES; COUPLE STRESS THEORY; MECHANICS; SHEAR; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; MODELSA rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model was developed to investigate the vibration characteristics of rotating functionally graded (FG) imperfect microplates subjected to in-plane loads. The displacement field and constitutive relationships were derived based on a four-variable refined plate theory and the modified couple stress theory. A novel C1-type nine-node, 100-degree-of-freedom differential quadrature finite element (DQFE) was constructed by applying the differential quadrature and Gauss-Lobatto quadrature rules to discretize the variable-coefficient model. The vibration equations were derived using the Euler-Lagrange formulation and solved through complex modal analysis. The numerical results were validated for convergence and accuracy. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of geometric imperfections, rotational speed, material length scale parameter (MLSP), and in-plane loads, as well as their combined influence, on the vibration behavior was conducted. The results show that the amplitude of geometric imperfections, rotational speed, and MLSP jointly affect the regions of frequency locus veering and modal transitions. The modal assurance criterion (MAC) matrix was used to quantitatively assess the impact of these parameters on vibration modes. Global imperfections were found to have a more significant influence on frequencies than local imperfections. Moreover, the distribution type and direction of in-plane loads were shown to affect frequencies differently for various vibration modes. This study offers valuable theoretical insights for damage detection, modal analysis, and fault assessment in rotating plate structure across different scales.?Wang, Hongliang; Wu, Xiaofeng; Xu, Xiao; Bian, Suhao; Meng, Fan[Size Effect on Energy Characteristics of Axial Flow Pump Based on Entropy Production Theory6scale effect; entropy production; numerical simulation7TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS; PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; PULSATIONETo investigate the size effect on the energy characteristics of axial flow pumps, this study scaled the original model size based on the head similarity principle, resulting in four size schemes (Schemes 2-4 correspond to 3, 5, and 10 times the size of Scheme 1, respectively). By solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-omega turbulence model, the external characteristic parameters and internal flow field structures were predicted. Additionally, the spatial distribution of internal hydraulic losses was analyzed using entropy generation theory. The results revealed three key findings: (1) the efficiency of axial flow pumps significantly impr< oves with increasing size ratio, with Scheme 4 exhibiting a 6.1% efficiency increase compared to Scheme 1; (2) as the size ratio increases, the entropy production coefficients of all hydraulic components decrease, with the impeller and guide vanes in Scheme 4 showing reductions of 55.1% and 56.5%, respectively, compared to Scheme 1; (3) the high entropy generation coefficient regions in the impeller and guide vanes are primarily concentrated near the rim, with their area decreasing as the size ratio increases. Specifically, the entropy production coefficients at the rim of impeller and guide vanes in Scheme 4 decreased by 84.85% and 58.2%, respectively, compared to Scheme 1. These findings provide valuable insights for the selection and optimization of axial flow pumps in applications such as cross-regional water transfer, agricultural irrigation, and urban drainage systems.@Gong, He; Yang, Yuting; Wu, Hongcheng; Chen, Xiangchen; Yao, Yao]Size Effect Between Micron-Silver Joint and Nano-Silver Joint in Die-Attached InterconnectionFIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGYSilver; Sintering; Packaging; Morphology; Micrometers; Nanoparticles; Surface morphology; Electronic packaging; micron-silver; nano-silver; shear strength; size effectPSINTERED AG; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SHEAR-STRENGTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; TENSILE; EVOLUTIONTo achieve the electronic packaging requirements of different chips, the mechanical properties of silver paste as a packaging material were confronted with the threat of size effect, which seriously affects the reliability design of electronic packaging. Therefore, a comparative experimental and theoretical study was conducted on the size effect of the sintered joints formed by silver particles of different scales. Experimentally, silver micron particles and silver nanoparticles were used to prepare sintered joint specimens, and the overlap areas of the specimens are 4, 16, 36, 64, and 100 mm2, respectively. The size effect phenomenon that the shear strength of sintered silver joints decreases with the increasing overlap area was verified through experiments, and the mechanism of the size effect was explained based on the microstructure characteristics of sintered silver joints. Theoretically, statistical methods were used to determine the mean shear strength in this work, which can reduce the influence of shear strength variability caused by pores on experimental results, and a theoretical model was established based on the Gurson model to expound the reason for the size effect of sintered joints, which matched well with experimental data.9Wu, Feng; Wu, Quanying; Zhu, Xifang; Qin, Lin; Zhu, Felix{Simulation of the Golay3 multiple mirror telescope with a conicoidal primary mirror by extending the optical design programJOURNAL OF OPTICAL TECHNOLOGYThe notion of a sparse aperture system offers a novel solution to decrease the volumes and weight of space telescopes while pursuing higher resolutions. A simulation of the applicable sparse aperture systems is studied. First, the principle of ray tracing used in the optical design program is analyzed. It is pointed out that surface models representing the primary mirror of a sparse aperture system can be established by programming and creating Dynamic Link Library files to define the propagation properties of the passing rays. The method of simulating the Golay3 multiple mirror telescope (MMT) with a conicoidal primary mirror is proposed. Second, the structure of the conicoidal primary mirror of the Golay3 MMT is investigated. Formulas to define the directions, optical path lengths and intensities of rays passing through the primary mirror are deduced. Finally, two Golay3 MMT systems are simulated as examples. Their simulation results are presented and analyzed. The theoretical fill factors, the simulative fill factors, and the normalized modulation transfer functions of the simulated system are calculated to verify the proposed simulation method. They are proved to be in accordance with each other. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America./Jiang, We< i; Chang, Ray C.; Yang, Ning; Xu, YinguSeverity assessment of sudden plunging motion for jet transport aircraft in response to severe atmospheric turbulenceAviation safety; Atmospheric turbulence; Dynamic stability characteristics; Flight data recorder (FDR); Fuzzy-logic modeling; Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a comparative study of flight circumstances, dynamic stability characteristics and controllability for two transport aircraft in severe atmospheric turbulence at transonic cruise flight for the purpose to obtain the prevention concepts of injuries to passengers and crew members for pilot training in International Air Transport Association (IATA) - Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) program.Design/methodology/approachA twin-jet and a four-jet transport aircraft encountering severe atmospheric turbulence are the study cases for this paper. The nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic models are established through flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling technique based on the flight data of flight data recorder. This method can be adopted to examine the influence of horizontal wind shear and crosswind on loss of control, dynamic stability characteristics and controllability for transport aircraft in different weights and different sizes in tracking aviation safety of existing different types of aircraft.FindingsThe horizontal wind shear or crosswind before the turbulence encounter will easily induce rolling motion and then initiate the sudden plunging motion during the turbulence encounter. The roll rate will increase the oscillatory rolling motion during plunging motion, if the rolling damping is insufficient. The drop-off altitude will be enlarged by the oscillatory rolling motion during the sudden plunging motion.Research limitations/implicationsA lack of the measurement data of vertical wind speed sensor on board to verify the estimated values of damping term is one of the research limitations for this study. The fact or condition of being severe in sudden plunging motion can be judged through the analysis of oscillatory derivatives with both dynamic stability and damping terms.Practical implicationsThe roll rate will increase the oscillatory rolling motion during plunging motion, if the rolling damping is insufficient. The drop-off altitude will be enlarged by the oscillatory rolling motion during the sudden plunging motion. The horizontal wind shear or crosswind before the turbulence encounter will easily induce rolling motion and then initiated the sudden plunging motion during the turbulence encounter. If the drift angle is large, to turn off the autopilot of yaw control first and stabilize the rudder by the pedal. When passing through the atmosphere turbulence area, the pilots do not need to amend the heading angle urgently.Social implicationsThe flight safety prevention in avoidance of injuries for passengers and cabin crews is essential for the airlines. The horizontal wind shear or crosswind before the turbulence encounter will easily induce rolling motion and then initiated the sudden plunging motion during the turbulence encounter.Originality/valueThe flight safety prevention in avoidance of injuries for passengers and cabin crews is essential. The present assessment method is an innovation to examine the loss of control problems of aviation safety and promote the understanding of aerodynamic responses of the jet transport aircraft. It is expected to provide a valuable lecture for the international training courses for IATA - LOC-I program after this paper is being published.IJiang, Xueliang; Ding, Xinshun; Xia, Zhengwang; Wang, Huan; Jiao, ZhuqinghSelf-perceptive feature fusion network with multi-channel graph convolution for brain disorder diagnosis[Brain disorder; Graph convolutional network; Multi-template; Multi-modality; Feature fusionFUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; CORTEXCurrent brain disorder diagnostic approaches are constrained by a single template or a single modality, neglecting the potential correlations between multi-scale features and the importance of non< -imaging data. It results in inefficiently extraction of discriminative features from brain functional connectivity networks (BFCNs), and fails to inaccurately establish inter-subject associations when relying solely on non-imaging data. To address these issues, we proposed a novel self-perceptive feature fusion network with multi-channel graph convolution (MCGC-SPFFN) for brain disorders. Specifically, BFCNs were constructed with multi-template data to extract multi-scale features. A MGMC module was designed to explore inter-subject similarities based on phenotypic data and complementary information across distinct templates. It consisted of an adaptive edge learning network (AELN) with a parameter-sharing strategy. The multi-channel graph convolutional network (GCN) aggregated the node features. Furthermore, a self-perceptive feature fusion (SPFF) module was designed to fuse the features by the accuracy-weighted voting strategy and the multi-head cross-attention mechanism. The channel diversity and scale correlation constraints were implemented to thoroughly investigate the latent relationships among features. Experimental results show it achieves an accuracy of 81.2% for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and an accuracy of 60.1% for major depressive disorder (MDD). It was validated that MCGC-SPFFN can simultaneously extract features from multi-template and multi-modality data, and outperformed some advanced methods. The source code for MCGC-SPFFN is available at https://github.com/XL-Jiang/MCGC-SPFFN.Cao, Guo; Shen, LixiangSOME ADVANCED PICTURE FUZZY DISTANCE MEASURES AND EINSTEIN HYBRID AGGREGATION OPERATORS WITH THEIR APPLICATIONS TO MOBILE MULTIMEDIA HEALTHCARE1JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATIONMulti-criteria group decision making (MCGMD); picture fuzzy sets (PFSs); hybrid aggregation operators; mobile multimedia healthcare; distance measure|GROUP DECISION-MAKING; ARCHIMEDEAN T-CONORM; SIMILARITY MEASURES; RANKING; NUMBERS; SETS; INFORMATION; SELECTION; NORM; AREAqIn recent decades, the choice of appropriate mobile multimedia healthcare devices (MMHDs) has emerged as an important problem in mobile healthcare management for the elderly. Therefore, uncertainty arises regarding these issues. To address these problems, various scholars have concentrated on multicriteria group decision-making (MCGMD) methods with various fuzzy sets. The picture fuzzy set (PFS), a classical extension of the fuzzy set (FS), has been demonstrated as a valuable tool to represent uncertainty in practical decision-making problems. In PFS, the distance measure is a significant tool for measuring the differentials between different PFSs. However, the extant methods of distance measure do not sufficiently consider the different effects of the refusal degree on the negative, neutral, and positive degrees, thus producing unreasonable results when measuring the differential. Moreover, the picture fuzzy aggregation operator is another valuable tool often used to aggregate individual information into group information. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose an extended picture fuzzy MCGMD (PF-MCGMD) technology to manage mobile multimedia health devices for the elderly. In this method, an integrated tri-parametric picture fuzzy distance measure was firstly defined. Subsequently, the practicability and superiority of the proposed distance measure are illustrated using a comparative analysis. Based on the developed picture fuzzy distance measure, a ranking function of picture fuzzy number (PFN) is also proposed. Subsequently, with Einstein t-norms and t-conorms, some picture fuzzy Einstein operation laws are defined. Using the proposed operations laws, we further introduce some quasi-picture fuzzy Einstein hybrid weighted aggregation operators and discuss their properties. In addition, using the new picture fuzzy aggregation operator, a novel PF-MCGMD technology is suggested. Finally, a case study was conducted to demonstrate the practicability and advantages of the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can produce more<  reasonable and credible results and performs well in complex situations.Xu, Ancheng; Chen, HuiRobust Speed Tracking Control for a Micro Turbine as a Distributed Energy Resource via Feedback Domination and Disturbance Observer)ACTIVE DISTURBANCE; MICROTURBINE; SYSTEMS*Micro turbine (MT) is characterized with complex dynamics, parameter uncertainties, and variable working conditions. In this paper, a novel robust controller is investigated for a single-shaft micro turbine as a distributed energy resource by integrating a feedback domination control technique and a feedforward disturbance compensation. An active estimation process of the mismatched disturbances is firstly enabled by constructing a disturbance observer. Secondly, we adopt a feedback domination technique, rather than popularly used feedback linearization methods, to handle the system nonlinearities. In an explicit way, the composite controllers are then derived by recursive design based on Lyapunov theory while a global input-to-state stability can be guaranteed. Abundant comparison simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, which not only perform an improved closed-loop control performance comparing to all existing results, but also render a simple control law which will ease its practical implementation.#Yang, Suhang; Hu, Chen; Xu, ZhifengKResidual Mechanical Properties of Q345FR Steel Exposed to High TemperaturesgResidual mechanical properties; Cooling methods; Fire-resistance steel; Prediction equations; Post-fireOHIGH-STRENGTH STEEL; PRESTRESSING STEEL; STRUCTURAL-STEEL; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIORaSteel structures used in engineering projects and infrastructure should withstand high loading capacities with excellent resistance to fire. A new Q345 fire-resistant (Q345FR) steel has been recently developed in China. The residual mechanical properties of steel structures are critical indicators for assessing structural damage and reusability, so in-depth research is urgently needed. Considering temperatures ranging from room temperature to 900 degrees C, as well as air and water cooling methods, the residual elastic modulus, yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and ultimate strain were explored. Comparison of the residual mechanical properties of Q345FR steel with other structural steels confirmed their close relation to temperatures and cooling methods through testing. The loss of its mechanical properties could be ignored when the temperature is up to 600 degrees C and the aforementioned cooling methods are used. When the temperature is above 600 degrees C, the exposed temperatures and cooling methods impact the residual mechanical properties of Q345FR steel significantly. Q345FR steel boasts the comprehensive advantages of excellent strength, high ductility and fire resistance. The prediction equations are offered for predicting such properties of Q345FR steel to accurately evaluate its residual mechanical properties exposed to high temperatures.JWang, Qi; Chen, Xi; An, Qinglong; Chen, Ming; Xu, Bo; Guo, Hun; He, YafengResearch on the method for improving the cutting performance of forming tools based on the non-uniform passivation of the cutting edgeRForming tool; Non-uniform passivation; Edge radius; Cutting performance; Tool lifeGRAIN-REFINEMENT; MECHANISMForming tools can achieve efficient and high-quality processing of complex structural parts with their special shape design. However, the complex tool profile is prone to cause chip accumulation in the processing process, which increases the cutting resistance and the temperature in the cutting area, and then causes the local area of the forming cutter to wear more severely, resulting in premature failure of the forming tool. To enhance the chip removal and heat dissipation ability during the cutting process of the forming tool and reduce the cutting force, this study proposes a method for designing non-uniform edge passivation with the goal of improving cutting performance and extending tool life. Firstly, based on the passivation principle, the non-uniform ed< ge passivation design of the cutting edge is carried out, and the non-uniform passivation model of the cutting edge is established. Secondly, through the cutting simulation experiment of the cutting edge, the influence of the edge radius on the cutting performance of the tool is clarified. Finally, the zoned optimization method of the forming cutter is proposed, the forming cutter is prepared according to the optimization result, and the cutting performance and tool life experiment of the tool are carried out through the comparative experiment. Compared with the common passivation method, the non-uniform edge passivation tool has achieved significant improvement in cutting performance and tool life.3Xu, Yongming; Xu, Ziyi; Ren, Congrui; Wang, YaodongyResearch on temperature distribution characteristics of oil-immersed power transformers based on fluid network decoupling HIGH VOLTAGEHOT-SPOT; MODEL; PREDICTIONDue to the complex structure and large size of large-capacity oil-immersed power transformers, it is difficult to predict the winding temperature distribution directly by numerical analysis. A 180 MVA, 220 kV oil-immersed self-cooling power transformer is used as the research object. The authors decouple the internal fluid domain of the power transformer into four regions: high voltage windings, medium voltage windings, low voltage windings, and radiators through fluid networks and establish the 3D fluid-temperature field numerical analysis model of the four regions, respectively. The results of the fluid network model are used as the inlet boundary conditions for the 3D fluid-temperature numerical analysis model. In turn, the fluid resistance of the fluid network model is corrected according to the results of the 3D fluid-temperature field numerical analysis model. The prediction of the temperature distribution of windings is realised by the coupling calculation between the fluid network model and the 3D fluid-temperature field numerical analysis model. Based on this, the effect of the loading method of the heat source is also investigated using the proposed method. The hotspot temperatures of the high-voltage, medium-voltage, and low-voltage windings are 89.43, 86.33, and 80.96 degrees C, respectively. Finally, an experimental platform is built to verify the results. The maximum relative error between calculated and measured values is 4.42%, which meets the engineering accuracy requirement.]Jiang, Feng; Zhang, Yanhong; Zhao, Lei; Liu, Hongyue; Song, Zhiqiang; Yin, Hefeng; Zhu, YilinhResearch on gear defect detection using electromagnetic induction eddy current and infrared thermographyMInduced eddy current; Infrared thermography; Gear; Defect depth; Burial depthmDuring the processing, manufacturing, and service life of gears, defects such as cracks may appear both on the surface and within the interior due to external factors or material properties. Consequently, gear inspection and safety evaluation are of critical importance. This paper presents a non-destructive testing method for detecting gear defects based on electromagnetic induction eddy current infrared thermography, which integrates key principles such as electromagnetic induction and Joule's law. By designing excitation coils with different structures, a multi-physics numerical model of the detection system is established to observe the characteristic responses of the gear surface. On this basis, the study analyzes the effects of defect location, depth, and burial position on the detection results. The findings indicate that the temperature response on the gear surface is influenced by the distribution of induced eddy current density, induced current interaction with defects, and the heat transfer mechanism. To validate the effectiveness of this detection method, an experimental platform is constructed. Results confirm that the proposed method can simultaneously detect defects at various locations on the gear surface and quantitatively assess defect depths up to 4 mm and burial depths up to 1.3 mm from the surface. The induced eddy current heating allows for one-< time imaging of the entire gear surface, providing intuitive and clear visualization of defect shapes, sizes, and depths. This method significantly enhances the scope of comprehensive non-destructive testing technologies by utilizing multi-physics coupling.QNie, Zhaolong; Gong, Erlei; Li, Jianzhong; Yao, Qian; Zheng, Renchuan; Feng, ZhanTResearch on Unsteady Flow Mixing Characteristics of Centripetal Wave Rotor Combustorcentripetal wave rotor combustor, unsteady flow mixing characteristics, blade shape, blade deflection angle; fuel-air mixture distributionENGINEPThe centripetal wave rotor combustor can better match the centrifugal compressor and the axial turbine of the reference machine, reduce the size of the engine and simplify the transition section structure. In this paper, we use numerical simulations to investigate the effects of blade shape and blade deflection angle on the unsteady flow mixing characteristics of the centripetal wave rotor combustor and complete the optimization of its structure. It is shown that in all designed channels, flow separation is present. The circumferential shear forces and pressure gradient forces contribute to the uneven distribution of the mixture within the channel, and their effects are irremovable. When the blade curve is tangent to the line connecting the endpoint of the inner diameter and the rotor center, it facilitates a particular configuration. This blade shape can enhance the uniformity of the fuel-air mixture distribution within the channel. The blade deflection angle has little effect on the fuel-air mixture distribution, the pressure distribution, and the prepressurization effect in the channel. Changing the width-to-diameter ratio of the channel, or the size of the ports and the phase difference can improve the distribution of the fuel-air mixture in the channel, and both of them are also the key factors affecting the prepressurization effect.SResearch on Temperature Rise of the Large-Capacity Air-Cooled Synchronous Condenser.JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYUSynchronous condenser; Optimization model; Flow-heat coupling field; Temperature rise HEAT-TRANSFER; PREDICTION; FIELDAn improved end structure topology to reduce temperature rise (TR) of the large-capacity synchronous condenser (LSC) is proposed. Taking a 300MVar LSC as an example, the eddy current losses (ECL) in the end structures in the traditional model and improved model under rated operating conditions are analyzed. A 3-D flow-heat coupling calculation model of the LSC is established to examine the fluid dynamics and temperature distribution in the end region. The impact of the proposed structures on TR is explored, revealing a reduction in the maximum temperature of the press plate by 2.7 degrees C, and decreases in the near-core and far-core support fingers by 0.7 degrees C and 2.9 degrees C, respectively. Finally, the simulation results are validated through experimental testing.RLuo, Wenxuan; Wang, Jiahao; Wu, Yingyu; Rao, Xiajin; Gao, Shen; Tian, ShuangshuangRelevance Analysis Between Decomposition Product Characteristics of C6F12O Gas Mixture Under Partial Discharge and Insulation Faults:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATIONC6F12O gas mixture; decomposition product characteristics; identification of insulation defects; judgment of partial discharge (PD) strength; PDNANOCOMPOSITE; N-2\C6F12O/CO2 gas mixture possesses the potential for application in medium- to low-voltage equipment. However, during equipment operation, insulation defects caused by various factors can result in partial discharge (PD), causing the C6F12O/CO2 gas mixture to decompose. Therefore, the study of the properties of decomposition products under PD of C6F12O/CO2 gas mixture is of great significance for the identification of insulation faults. Four typical insulation defects are selected, and PD decomposition experiments are carried out under different voltages for different defects of C6F12O/C(O)2 gas mixture. Using gas chromatography, decomposition products, such as CF4, C2F6, C3F8, and C3F7H, a< re detected and the changing patterns of four typical decomposition products under different insulation defects are determined. The concentration ratios of C2F6/C3F8 and CF4/C3F7H are plotted as 2-D coordinates X and Y, respectively, and the distribution of product concentration ratios under different defects is shown. A coding tree for identifying types of insulation defects has been constructed. Additionally, combining (CF4 + C2F6 + C3F8)/C3F7H and CF4/C3F7H with the decomposition product rate allows for a comprehensive assessment of the PD strength. This study provides effective means for diagnosing insulation faults in C6F12O/CO2 gas mixture insulation equipment.Hou, Yuxin; Zhang, Yu; Li, Li; Li, Xiaona; Zhu, Changyin; Han, Jiangang; Ji, Rongting; Song, Yang; Zhang, Yinlong; Zhou, Dongmei; Xue, Jianming; Cheng, HuRecycling hydrothermal liquefaction by-products derived from biowaste as artificial humic acids to immobilize diethyl phthalateLHydrothermal process; Hydrochar; Humic acid; Phthalate ester; Immobilization)ADSORPTION; BIOMASS; ESTERS; WASTE; WATERThe hydrothermal process and washing of hydrochar produce large amounts of liquid waste, and recycling the liquid waste is a challenge currently being faced. In this study, hydrothermal liquid waste was transformed into solid-phase artificial humic acids (AHAs), which were applied to immobilize an emerging organic pollutant, diethyl phthalate (DEP). AHAs have compact block structures with abundant oxygen-containing surface functional groups, low ash content, hydrophobic structure, benzene ring structure, and some meso/macropores. Hydrothermal temperature controls the specific characteristics of AHAs. AHAs have shown considerable sorption ability for DEP. The sorption quantity can reach 3915 mg kg-1 at the equilibrium concentration of 10 mg L-1, which is much higher than that of natural sorbents, including soil, sediment, humin, and mineral. Pore filling, hydrogen bonding, pi-pi stacking and partitioning are the main mechanisms for the sorption of DEP onto AHAs. This study proposed a promising method for upcycling hydrothermal liquid waste into near-natural humic acid-like substances, which can be applied as green immobilization agents for the environmental remediation of emerging contaminants.EYao, Wenqing; Yang, Yuan; Jiang, Feng; Di, Xinyu; Tao, Li; Geng, LongaQuantitative evaluation of defects based on the characteristics of the induced eddy current field;defects; induced eddy current held; quantitative evaluationNA quantitative evaluation method for determining the shape, length and depth of surface defects is proposed for the purpose of non-destructive testing (NDT) and evaluation of metal materials. The COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software is used to calculate and analyse the eddy current magnetic field and the influence of the geometric parameters of defects on the spatial three-dimensional magnetic field distributions are studied. The results show that the shape of the surface defect can be judged from the measurement result of the x-B-x curve. The quantitative analysis of the crack length is realised according to the corresponding position of the peak (trough) of surface magnetic field B-z. The depth of the crack can be inversely calculated by the quantitative relationship between the trough depth of B-x (or the peak value of B-z) and the crack depth. Therefore, this method provides convenient and contactless detection technology in which the characteristic quantities corresponding to the defect parameters are independent from each other to improve the accuracy of defect evaluation.(Song, Zhiqiang; Hou, Rongxi; Jiang, FengiQuantitative Shape Discrimination of Metal Surface Defects Based on Alternating Current Field Measurement]Non-destructive testing; alternating current field; defect shape; quantitative discrimination DISTRIBUTIONSXQuantitative evaluation of defects is an important research topic in non-destructive testing. In this paper, a quantitative evaluation method for the shape of metal surface defects based on alternating current field measurement<  technology is proposed. The finite element numerical method is used to simulate the electric field and magnetic field environment of the test system. The rectangular probe structure is used to scan the surface of measured object according to designed strategy, and the specific shape of defects is quantitatively identified according to the obtained magnetic field signal. The results show that there are significant differences in sensitivity of eddy current magnetic fields in different directions to defect shapes, and eddy current magnetic fields in same direction are also specific for different forms of defects. The symmetry of surface defects can be determined and the cross-sectional shape of defects can be quantitatively analyzed by measuring the magnetic field $B_{x}$ scanning curve group. The surface shape of defect can be identified quantitatively by the $B_{z}$ scanning curve group after the extraction of characteristic values and proper data processing. This method provides a convenient, simple, and high precision non-contact detection method, which improves the integrity evaluation ability of metal structural parts.XHe, Zhenzhong; Shi, Juanjuan; Huang, Weiguo; Zhu, Zhongkui; Wang, Jiaan; Shen, ChangqingsPrototype Space Boundary Alignment Network for Bearing Continuous Fault Diagnosis Under Class-Incremental ScenariosFault diagnosis; Prototypes; Reactive power; Feature extraction; Data models; Training; Tail; Robustness; Deep learning; Adaptation models; Class-incremental scenarios; continuous fault diagnosis; long tail; rotating machineryIn recent years, the fault diagnosis method based on continuous learning has been widely used in the field of health monitoring of key components of rotating machinery. Most existing continuous learning fault diagnosis methods are deployed in an environment of relatively balanced datasets. However, the fault data generated by mechanical equipment under actual working conditions often have a long-tailed distribution, and the lack of tail fault data worsens the catastrophic forgetting problem of traditional continuous learning methods. A new prototype space boundary alignment network (PSBAN) for bearing continuous fault diagnosis under class incremental scenarios is proposed to solve the above problems. First, in the first stage, a new fusion loss function is designed to make the extracted features more robust. Then, in the second stage, the cluster mean algorithm is used to construct the prototype space of the class. At the same time, a total variance method is proposed to accurately estimate the central trend of the class and thus prevent the overdependence on the tail class from making the variance estimation inaccurate. Finally, the boundary of the prototype space is aligned by using the total variance. Experiments validate that the proposed PSBAN has higher accuracy than other methods do and effectively alleviates the catastrophic forgetting problem under the long-tailed distribution.Li, He; Shi, NaiyuvPredicting Priority Factors for Rural E-Commerce Development Using Tri-Stage Integrated Attention Residual TransformerRural e-commerce; prediction model; attention mechanisms; attention mechanisms; residual learning; residual learning; transformer architecture; transformer architecture; deep learning; deep learning; deep learningE-commerce's quick expansion has changed global marketplaces, creating rural development potential. Rural e-commerce performance relies on technology infrastructure, socio-economic circumstances, and government policy. Despite increased interest in rural e-commerce, current models generally fail to combine these various aspects. This research introduces a new Tri-Stage Integrated Attention Residual Transformer (TIART) model to anticipate rural e-commerce development priorities. Attention mechanisms, residual learning, and transformer topologies improve feature extraction and prediction. The model forecasts key parameters including family income, internet penetration, and logistical performance that are essential for rural e-commerce adoption. The unbalanced, i< ncomplete, and noisy aspects of rural data have challenged traditional models. A three-stage design in the TIART model tackles these issues-residual connections enhance feature stability, attention layers prioritize critical variables, and dimensional mixing improves cross-feature interactions. The model is evaluated on a five-year dataset from rural Bavaria, Germany, consisting of over 150,000 records and 21 features. TIART achieves a prediction accuracy of 98.7% $R<^>{2}$ , with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.98, outperforming XGBoost, EfficientNet, and GhostNet by 4-7% across key metrics. It also reduces execution time by up to 35% compared to deep CNN models. This study shows that powerful machine learning may maximize rural e-commerce growth and equip policymakers and entrepreneurs with actionable insights. The model provides a scalable framework to guide rural intervention and infrastructure development.lSong, Yang; Sheng, Yanmin; Ge, Pei; Zhang, Xudong; Zhao, Li; Deng, Jianghua; Bian, Zhengning; Wang, ChuanruiPore structure characterization of saturated cement-based materials by nuclear magnetic resonance considering water sensitivityZPore structure characterization; Concrete; NMR; Surface relaxation rate; Water sensitivityMERCURY INTRUSION POROSIMETRY; HYDRATED CEMENTS; NATURAL SHALES; PERMEABILITY; PASTE; CONCRETE; MODEL; H-1; DIFFUSIVITY; MORTAR2The pore structure of saturated cement-based materials is a crucial factor influencing their mechanical properties and durability, particularly in terms of water permeability and Cl- diffusion rate. However, the water sensitivity of cement-based materials results in significant variations in porous volume compared to the dried state, and few methods allow for accurate measurement of the pore network in a water-saturated state. In this research, we utilize Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to characterize the pore network in the saturated state and employ Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), Nitrogen Adsorption (NS), Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM), and X-ray Tomography (XCT) to calibrate the surface relaxation rate. Results indicate that the surface relaxation rate varies significantly depending on the calibration methods and mix proportions, with variations reaching up to 500 %. Based on FIB/SEM and XCT images, the simulated NMR method (SNMR) is applied, revealing a pore size distribution that is similar, yet slightly different, from that obtained by the simulated MIP (SMIP) and Continuous Pore Size Distribution (CPSD). Rapid saturation under vacuum pumping and liquid pressure allows water to infiltrate the porous volume quickly without causing significant swelling of C-S-H gels, providing an effective method to calibrate the surface relaxation rate without accounting for water sensitivity. The newly obtained surface relaxation rate is significantly lower than previous measurements, varying with different mix proportions and w/b ratios.MTang, Jinsong; Li, Yong; Chen, Longmiao; Ma, Jia; Chen, Junhua; Li, Zhonggang]Physical and Data-Driven Optimization for Thin-Walled Manipulator Based on Motion Reliability&IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICSReliability; Mathematical models; Manipulator dynamics; Accuracy; Motors; Dynamics; Optimization; Couplings; Feedback control; Aerodynamics; Deep neural network; electromechanical dynamics; motion accuracy reliability; thin-walled manipulatorQIn automated mechanical systems, there are strict requirements for the efficiency and accuracy of the movement of certain specific mechanisms, which are often achieved through feedback control. To determine how to select control parameters for a flexible thin-walled manipulator to achieve high-quality movement, we conducted optimization research based on motion accuracy reliability. We have constructed a coupled system dynamics model that integrates the mechanism and motor, allowing the introduction of a controller during the simulation process and considering the randomness of the load. Taking into account that the scale of solving flexible dynamics will result in huge < computational costs for subsequent reliability and optimization analysis, we have introduced a data-driven numerical integration scheme. This scheme significantly reduces the time required for dynamics simulation while ensuring acceptable accuracy and adaptability. In the case study, the simulation time can be reduced by about 20 times through the support of data-driven technology while accurately capturing the motion patterns of the manipulator, including its flexible vibrations. Further optimization results indicate that we can improve motion efficiency by approximately 10% by designing control strategy parameters, while ensuring motion accuracy reliability and stability.Chen, XiaogangYPhotonic Generation and Transmission of 20-Tupling Millimeter-Wave Without Optical Filter.JOURNAL OF NANOELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS_Microwave Photonics; Radio Over Fiber (RoF); Frequency 20-Tupling; Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) FREQUENCYWithout the optical filter, a novel approach is designed for frequency 20-tupling photonic millimeter-wave generation based on four nested Mach-zehnder modulators (MZMs). Theoretical derivations and simulation verifications are demonstrated for the millimeter-wave frequency multiplication scheme. Optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) of 33 dB and radio frequency sideband suppression ratio (RFSSR) of 28 dB is achieved, respectively. Further, a 1.25 Gb/s data transmission performances are evaluated, the data signal could be transmitted 40 Km with the proposed scheme at BER = 10(-9). The obtained results can assist with the design of high frequency radio over fiber (RoF) system.UGuan, Changyang; Wang, Junnian; Zheng, Tianhui; Wang, Qikai; Sun, Wen; Wang, HaishengParameter optimization and multi-mode operation of a novel dual-motor coupling torque vectoring drive system for electric vehiclesAPPLIED ENERGYElectric vehicle; Dual motor coupling drive; Distributed drive; Torque vectoring; Parameter optimization; Energy conservation strategyPOWER MANAGEMENTElectric vehicles (EVs) have developed rapidly in the past decade, with a heightened focus on the development of high-performance EVs in recent years. However, the contradiction between drive performance and efficiency of electric drive systems has not been adequately resolved. To provide a potential solution to this issue, a novel dual- motor coupling torque vectoring drive system (DCTVD) is proposed in this paper through exploring potentially optimal power coupling configurations of dual-motor drive units. Correspondingly, based on the multi-mode operation capability of the DCTVD, a parameter optimization method, a drive mode switching control strategy, and a torque vectoring control strategy are proposed and discussed in detail. After applying these methods and strategies, the energy-saving potential of the DCTVD is verified by simulation. Results under typical driving cycle tests indicate that the DCTVD, with the parameter optimization and drive mode switching control strategy, shows a significant energy-saving improvements compared to a traditional single-motor single-speed drive system. Additionally, results under turning conditions indicate that the DCTVD has an observable energy-saving effect under certain conditions with the torque vectoring control strategy./Jiang, Wei; Guo, Hun; Zhu, Danye; Chang, Ray C.fOptimization of flight conditions based on performance sensitivity analysis for jet transport aircraftkOptimum altitude; Fuzzy logic modeling (FLM); Lift-to-drag ratio(L/D); Flight crew operating manuals (FCOM) PurposeThis study aims to enhance the fuel efficiency of jet transport aircraft based on mathematical models and flight crew operating manual (FCOM) for the purpose to assist the civil aviation industry in improving flight safety and operational efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe research applies flight data mining and fuzzy logic modeling technologies to set up lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) models and nine models of thrust, Mach number, engine pressure ratio and fuel flow rate to estimate the deviation of each flight parameter. All < performance deviations are calculated based on the values of flight data recorded in the quick access recorder and FCOM at the observed flight conditions. The L/D model can obtain the influence of each flight parameter and estimate the insufficient amount of each parameter by averaging it with the least square method. In the estimation of optimal altitude, nine models are built based on data from FCOM to estimate the optimal altitude and complete comparative analysis of the airspeed, Mach number and fuel flow rate at the optimal altitude.FindingsAnalyze 11 relevant parameters from the sensitivity derivative of L/D model to obtain how each parameter affected fuel consumption and explore the causes of additional fuel consumption. Complete the estimation of the optimal cruise altitude of the aircraft, and calculate the comparative analysis of the altitude, speed, Mach number and other parameters with the sensitivity derivative of the L/D. The estimation of the optimal cruise altitude of the aircraft can meet the analysis of the sensitivity derivative.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is to enhance the fuel efficiency of jet commercial transport based on mathematical model and FCOM. FCOM is required to conduct this study. The estimation of the optimal cruise altitude through the nine models of the aircraft could meet the analysis of the sensitivity derivative.Practical implicationsThe object of present research is to demonstrate the effectiveness of optimization of flight conditions through model analysis to get knowledge of the effects of each influencing flight variable to L/D for future flight operations' reference.Social implicationsThe model-based derivative analysis had the ability to perform derivative prediction analysis on any input parameters, more flight parameters could be optimized in future research to help airlines improve flight safety and operational efficiency.Originality/valueThe present enhancement method of fuel efficiency is an innovation to examine the abnormal aircraft performance and its flight operations, thereby to explore the causes of additional fuel consumption. The present method can become an auxiliary tool for flight operations quality assurance to improve fuel efficiency for the airlines.EZhang, Yongjian; Liu, Mingfang; Wang, Yingze; Wang, Zhe; Zheng, WenboeNumerical simulation of heat transfer properties of skin tissue acted on repetitive laser irradiation6INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERBio-heat transfer; Multi-layered tissue; Repetitive pulsed laser irradiation; Thermal damage; Temperature dependence; DPL equationYSELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS; THERMAL-PROCESSES; MODEL; BLOOD; ABSORPTION; REMOVAL; THERAPYPulsed laser has been widely used in the clinical treatment of various diseases and injuries due to its unique advantages in the process of interaction with skin tissue. In order to ensure the therapeutic effect and patient safety, it is necessary to accurately monitor the time-space response of the whole-field temperature of the target tissue irradiated by pulsed laser. A research strategy to explore the thermal response and incidental thermal damage of skin tissue induced by repeated pulses laser has been proposed in present work. A theoretical model involved variable physical properties was first proposed, in which the dual-phase lag (DPL) equation and Henrique burn equation were employed to evaluate the tissue temperature and thermal damage induced by repeated pulse laser irradiation. With the help of finite difference method, the governing equation with variable physical properties was then numerical solved to obtain the time-space distribution of tissue temperature, and the evolution process of the thermal damage was further calculated. The effects of laser input parameters and variable physical parameters on the laser penetration depth, temperature distribution and burn degree of the irradiated tissue were analyzed.(Jiang, W.; Guo, H.; Li, Z.; Chang, R. C.gNonlinear unsteady behaviour study for jet transport aircraft response to serious atmosphere turbulence~atm< osphere turbulence; fuzzy-logic modeling (FLM); aerodynamics model; flight environment; oscillatory motion; controllability+The main purpose of this article is to present the nonlinear unsteady behaviour for jet transport aircraft response to serious atmosphere turbulence in cruise flight and to provide the appropriate mitigation concepts for pilots in the pilot training course of the IATA - Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) program. The flight data of a twin-jet and a four-jet transport aircraft encountered serious atmosphere turbulence are the study cases for this article. This study uses flight data mining and fuzzy-logic modeling of artificial intelligence techniques to establish nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic models. Since the rapid change of aerodynamic characteristics in turbulence, so the study uses decoupled longitudinal and lateral-directional motion to identify various eigenvalue motion modes of nonlinear unsteady behaviour through digital 6-DOF flight simulation. It is found that the changes of the main flight variables in the aerodynamic scene and flight environment of the two aircraft are different, but the profiles of five eigenvalue motion modes are actually similar. Those similar eigenvalue motion modes can formulate preventive actions related to the flight handling quality for safe and efficient control by pilots to execute the flight tasks. The one with a large drop height during the ups and downs motion between the two is chosen to construct the movement mechanism of nonlinear unsteady behaviours. The assessments of dynamic stability characteristics of nonlinear unsteady behaviour based on the approaches of oscillatory motion and eigenvalue motion modes related to loss of control will be demonstrated in this article. To develop preventive actions, the situation awareness response to the induced mutation of nonlinear unsteady behaviour on the pilot's operations will be a further research task in the future.$Fan, Yu-Hao; She, Gui-Lin; Li, ChengHNonlinear transient response analysis of revolution doubly curved shells,ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGxRevolution doubly curved shell; Initial geometric imperfection; Spinning; Blast pulse load; Nonlinear transient response VIBRATION ANALYSIS; IMPERFECTIONVAt present, the rapid advancements in the high-end manufacturing industry have driven an increasingly urgent demand for corresponding theoretical research. Particularly in the domains of aviation, aerospace, and marine engineering, there is a substantial demand for the application of axisymmetric revolution doubly curved shells. Consequently, further research on these shells needs to be intensified. However, there is almost no research on the nonlinear transient response of revolution doubly curved shells undergoing spinning motion. This paper, for the first time, discusses the transient response characteristics with initial geometric imperfection. First, when establishing the model, the uniform distribution of graphene platelets and porosity distribution are considered. The displacement field is formulated in accordance with the first-order shear deformation shell theory, and the mechanical model is derived by incorporating von K & aacute;rm & aacute;n geometric nonlinearity to account for moderate rotational deformations in the shell structure. Then the Euler-Lagrange equation is used to obtain the equations of motion, and the modal function under traditional boundary conditions is introduced. Subsequently, we apply the Galerkin method to reduce the dimensionality. Finally, the corresponding vibration information is obtained using the Runge-Kutta method. In the present study, we first validate the natural frequencies of the model to ensure the rationality and accuracy of the analysis results. In addition, the influence of various parameters on nonlinear vibration behavior is studied in detail.'Sheng, Dongping; Yang, Jie; Lu, FengxiaNonlinear Behaviors and Multiparameter Stability Research on a Single-Pair Gear System With a Bearing Stiffness Adjustment ModuleSHOCK AND VIBRATIONhbearing stiffness; bifur< cation and chaos; initial attractor; solution domain structure; stability region,CHAOS ANALYSIS; DYNAMICS; BIFURCATION; MODELThis paper proposed a brand-new multidegree model of a single-pair gear system with a bearing stiffness control module. By establishing the bending-torsional coupled governing equation, the bifurcation characteristics, initial parameter attractors, solution domain structures, and double-parameter stability were analyzed systematically and several conclusions were obtained. First, bifurcation diagrams show colorful characteristics, and the critical switching points and the routes between different motion states were investigated, and the bifurcation behavior under different parameters was examined which provided a comprehensive cognition of the gear system. Second, the dynamic initial motion attractors at different parameter groups were studied and their attractor structure diagrams were obtained, which offer an intuitive understanding of the motion state under different initial values, and were utilized as the theoretical basis for practical adjustment at different working conditions. Third, the solution domain structural diagrams were obtained at different parameters and the diverse characteristics could be observed, which could be utilized as a visualized tool for the design of the gear system and is referred as guiding for field operators to control the system away from unstable state as well. Finally, the double-parameter stability of the gear system under different input power and damping was researched and its characteristics were analyzed. This stability region offered a direct tool to help both the designer and the operator to find the fastest and shortest route to make the system enter into a stable motion state quickly and effectively.1Xiao, Junrong; Zhou, De; Liao, Hong; Zhu, JianquncModified Pseudo-Dynamic Bearing Capacity of Shallow Strip Foundation near Slope on Non-Uniform SoilRslope; bearing capacity; modified pseudo-dynamic; non-uniform soil; upper analysisCUPPER-BOUND SOLUTIONS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; EARTH PRESSURE; FOOTINGSIn engineering practice, many foundations are forced to be placed on slopes, whose stability is deeply affected by seismic force. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the seismic bearing capacity of strip foundations close to slopes is a crucial guide for engineering. Herein, an analytical procedure considering pseudo-dynamic influence is proposed, which offers a new assessment framework for seismic bearing capacity of strip foundations close to slopes on non-uniform soils. Considering the temporal and spatial characteristics of earthquake action, the seismic bearing capacity of foundations at different normalized frequencies is obtained, and depth profiles of seismic acceleration coefficients at different normalized frequencies are presented. The consistency between this paper's computational results and the published literature substantiates the dependability of the proposed analytical procedure. The sensitivity analyses are carried out for horizontal seismic coefficients, normalized frequencies, damping ratios, internal friction angles, slope angles, cohesion, and non-uniform coefficients, and the results are presented for practice reference in engineering.uModel-Free Adaptive Control of an Active Half-Vehicle-Seat System Coupled with a Nonlinear Energy Sink Inerter (NESI)rnonlinear energy sink inerter; half-vehicle-seat system; model-free adaptive control; dynamic performance analysis"PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION; SUSPENSION&In order to reduce vehicle vibration and improve vehicle ride comfort and handling stability, a nonlinear energy sink inerter (NESI) is designed by combing an inerter and nonlinear energy sink (NES) for use in the seat suspension and vehicle suspension for the half-vehicle-seat (HVS) system; furthermore, a model-free adaptive control (MFAC) method based on the genetic algorithm is proposed to enhance the dynamic performance of the passive HVS system. The dynamic model of the active HVS system coupled with NESI using the MFAC method is established; its < dynamic responses under pavement random and shock excitations are acquired using the numerical method and the dynamic performance is evaluated by seven evaluation indicators. The efficacy of the MFAC method is demonstrated through comparative analysis with the original passive HVS system, the HVS system coupled with NESI, and the active HVS system coupled with NESI using the proportional integral derivative (PID) control method. In addition, the influence of the installed position of MFAC on the dynamic performance of the active HVS system coupled with NESI is examined. The results show that for the active HVS system coupled with NESI using the MFAC method, compared with the other three HVS systems, the root mean square (RMS) values of the vehicle body vertical acceleration, vehicle body pitch acceleration, seat vertical acceleration, and front and rear suspension dynamic travel under pavement random excitation are smaller, the corresponding peak amplitudes under pavement shock excitation reduce, and the vibration attenuation time shortens; the RMS values of the front and rear dynamic tire loading under pavement random excitation are slightly smaller, the corresponding peak amplitudes under pavement shock excitation increase, and the vibration attenuation time decreases, which reflects the best dynamic performance among the four HVS systems and shows the effectiveness of the MFAC method. Furthermore, the control effect of the MFAC method is the best when it acts both on the seat and vehicle suspensions.UYuan, Yue; Li, Guobin; Zhao, Fei; Li, Jiabao; Qi, Ziting; Guo, Jiangtao; Yang, PeizhiMoTe2 quantum dot-mediated nano-heterojunction and lattice strain regulation for high-performance CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cellsaAll-inorganic perovskite; MoTe 2 quantum dots; Strain engineering; Nano-heterojunction; StabilityINORGANIC PEROVSKITE; FILMSAll-inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit exceptional thermal stability but suffer from intrinsic defects and lattice strain-induced phase instability. Here, we pioneer the integration of molybdenum ditelluride quantum dots (MoTe2 QDs) into CsPbI2Br PSCs, obtaining an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.4 % for carbon-electrode-based devices. The multifunctional roles of MoTe2 QDs are systematically elucidated: (1) As nucleation seeds, they promote epitaxial growth of perovskite grains, enlarging grain size; (2) Nanoheterojunctions formed at MoTe2/CsPbI2Br interfaces enhance charge separation and transport; (3) By controlling the amount of MoTe2 QDs additives to introduce compressive stresses to counteract the tensile stresses caused by the uneven expansion of different interfacial layers, thus releasing the residual stresses. The optimized device retains 84 % of its initial PCE under 120 h of continuous illumination and demonstrates superior ambient stability (60 days). This work establishes a new idea for the use of transition metal disulfide QDs to improve the efficiency of all-inorganic PSCs and eliminate residual stresses.PBi, Ran; Zheng, Changdong; Zheng, Hongyu; Ji, Tingwei; Xie, Fangfang; Zheng, YaoUMimic biological flapping motion for a two-dimensional wing by reinforcement learningBIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICSLflapping motion design; reinforcement learning; bio-inspired fluid mechanicsmCARTESIAN-GRID SIMULATIONS; IN-LINE MOTION; OSCILLATING FOILS; AERODYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION; EFFICIENCY; FLIGHTaBirds, insects, bats and fish demonstrate exceptional locomotion efficiency through adaptive flapping motions, offering a wealth of inspiration for bio-inspired propulsion systems. However, traditional research often relies on simplified motion models with limited degrees of freedom, which may not fully capture the complexity, adaptability, and efficiency of natural movement. In this study, we propose an adaptive motion optimization framework based on reinforcement learning (RL), aiming to address the aforementioned challenges. By integrating high-fidelity numerical simulations with physical models of flapping wings, the framework dynamically adjusts motion pattern< s in real time, guided by flow field information. Departing from conventional methods that rely on pre-designed motion assumptions, this approach uncovers non-harmonic, quasi-periodic motion patterns through iterative exploration. The system refines behaviors to enhance propulsion performance, adapt to dynamic flow conditions, and reveal biologically relevant features, such as asymmetric oscillations, adaptive rhythmic formations, and progressive fine-tuning of motion strategies. These learned motions not only align with natural flapping characteristics but also surpass traditional optimization methods by expanding the search space to include more complex and effective movement patterns. This framework demonstrates the power of RL to discover sophisticated, bio-inspired motion dynamics, offering transformative potential for understanding natural flapping mechanisms and designing efficient, versatile propulsion systems for real-world applications.'Yang, Suhang; Cao, Xiaoyun; Xu, ZhifengfMechanical Properties of Q345 Weathering Steel Exposed to High-Temperature After Air and Water CoolingWWeathering steel; Cooling methods; Material properties; Post-fire; Prediction equationsBEHAVIORWeathering steel is a high-strength low alloy steel with a dense rust layer formed by alloying elements and corrosion resistance to prevent corrosion from spreading. In recent years, China has developed a new type of Q345 weathering steel (Q345WS). This study experimentally investigates the post-fire characteristics of Q345WS steel at temperatures ranging from 20 to 1000 degree celsius. The research analyzes the effects of air cooling and water cooling conditions on the steel, particularly focusing on residual strength post-fire. The study also compares the residual mechanical properties of Q345WS steel with those of other structural steels. When exposed to temperatures up to 600 degree celsius, the loss of mechanical properties could be negligible. The residual mechanical properties of Q345WS steel are significantly influenced by the high temperature and cooling method when the temperature exceeds 600 degree celsius. The variations in mechanical characteristics between Q345WS steel and construction steel under high temperatures should be highlighted, and comparable with findings from previous literature on various steel types. A series of polynomial prediction equations have been suggested to forecast the alterations in the mechanical attributes of Q345WS following exposure to fire, offering a methodical and conceptual foundation for assessing steel structures and carrying out post-fire retrofitting.EKang, Shaopeng; Zhuo, Xianghua; Kong, Linglei; Li, Yanxin; He, YafengwMachining characteristics and process parameter optimization of Near-dry electrical discharge milling of titanium alloy`Ti-6Al-4V; Near-dry EDM; Fluid simulation; Orthogonal experiment; Grey relational analysis (GRA)1HIGH-SPEED; ELECTRODE; TI-6AL-4V; FLUID; GAS; GRATitanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is a difficult-to-machine material, known for its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, traditional machining methods incur high tool wear costs when processing this material. The near-dry electrical discharge milling (N-EDM) method, which removes excess material via electroerosion, mitigates the impact of titanium alloy's hardness and strength, enabling effective material cutting. To enhance machining efficiency and surface quality, this study employs a simulation model of the inter-electrode flow field, combined with experimental data, to investigate the effect of milling thickness on key machining parameters and determine the optimal thickness. Subsequently, a four-factor, three-level (L27(43)) orthogonal experiment was designed, with current, duty cycle, gas pressure, and atomization rate as input parameters. Material removal rate (MRR), relative electrode wear ratio (REWR), width of cut (WOC), and roughness average (Ra) were selected as primary optimization indicators. Based on the orthogonal experiment results, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine the influence < of the input parameters on the various process indicators and determine the optimal single-objective processing parameters. Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), the multi-objective optimal machining parameters were identified as: 2 A current, 40% duty cycle, 0.2 MPa gas pressure, and 20 ml/min atomization rate. These parameters significantly enhance both processing efficiency and surface quality.9Jiang, Yibo; Bi, Hui; Zhao, Wei; Shi, Chen; Wang, XiaoleiRLatch-Up Immune Bi-Direction ESD Protection Clamp for Push-Pull RF Power Amplifiercelectronic reliability; electrostatic discharge (ESD); bi-direction protection; push-pull amplifierCIRCUITS; DESIGNFor the RF power amplifier, its exposed input and output are susceptible to damage from Electrostatic (ESD) damage. The bi-direction protection is required at the input in push-pull operating mode. In this paper, considering the process compatibility to the power amplifier, cascaded Grounded-gate NMOS (ggNMOS) and Polysilicon diodes (PDIO) are stacked together to form an ESD clamp with forward and reverse protection. Through Transmission line pulse (TLP) and CV measurements, the clamp is demonstrated as latch-up immune and low parasitic capacitance bi-direction ESD protection, with 18.67/17.34V holding voltage (V-hold), 4.6/3.2 kV ESD protection voltage (V-ESD), 0.401/0.415 pF parasitic capacitance (C-ESD) on forward and reverse direction, respectively.MZhu, Yan song; Huang, Wei; Wei, Xing nong; Feng, Tao; He, Ya feng; Ko, Tae JolInvestigation of the evolution of welding residual stress in A350-LF2 steel multi-layer and multi-pass jointnMultilayer and multi-pass welding; Welding residual stress; Numerical simulation; Reheating effect; Saton test-TEMPERATURE; TRANSFORMATIONS; MODEL; PIPE; 3DFor multi-layer and multi-pass welding (MMW), two different structural layers, including the upper fine-grained layer caused by the reheating effect of the subsequent weld passes and the lower coarse-grained layer determined by the peak temperatures of the current thermal cycle, are likely to generate in most weld passes (except for the final one). In this study, to explore the formation and evolution of the welding residual stress (WRS) in MMW joint, a finite element model considering the thermo-metallurgical-mechanical interaction effects was developed to calculate WRS. Then a novel heat conduction model was proposed to quantitatively estimate the reheating effect. The effectiveness of the above models was verified by the experimental measurements. Then Satoh test was further performed to explore the effects of the peak temperature, phase transformation, and reheating on WRS evolution. The results demonstrate that the formation of WRS in MMW joint is similar to a multilayer residual stress stacking, which is mainly influenced by not only the peak temperature of the welding thermal cycle but also the reheating effect of the weld passes and consequent phase transformation. In the event of the peak temperature of the welding thermal cycle being in the range of Ac1 to Ac3, the mixture phase with relatively higher yield strength tends to be generated in the reheated layer in weld passes, as a result, the welding residual tensile stress in MMW joint can be decreased.%Wang, Jiaan; Wu, Linghao; Zhang, SiqiwInvestigation of the Design Methodology for Transmission-Freeform Surface Set Mirrors Used in Solar Spectrum SimulatorsRadiation effects; Mathematical models; Optimization; Light sources; Lenses; Surface treatment; Simulated annealing; Process control; Probabilistic logic; Photovoltaic systems; Sidelobe effect; free-form surface; solar spectrum simulatorLASERHThe homogeneity of irradiation within a solar spectrum simulator is pivotal for the precise assessment of photovoltaic products' characteristics. This paper explores the challenge posed by sidelobe effects that impede the enhancement of irradiation uniformity in contemporary solar spectrum simulators. The investigation pinpoints the misalignment between the collimation and the uniformity of the light collection mirror assembly, along with the < beam smoothing system in the simulator, as the principal contributor to sidelobe effects. To counteract these effects, the study introduces a novel Bessel initial structure for a freeform mirror characterized by enhanced uniform light distribution and collimation properties. Additionally, a joint evaluation metric combining uniformity and collimation is formulated, facilitating a synchronous iterative optimization of multi-parameter freeform mirrors via simulated annealing. The simulations report a 1.93-fold enhancement in the uniformity of the irradiation surface in the solar spectrum simulator after optimizing the freeform mirror ensemble.nZhang, Yuheng; Zhou, Fanxiang; Ding, Xingchen; Feng, Mengmeng; Sun, Le; Lu, Jiali; Xue, Xiaoqiang; Zhu, XiashiInterface engineering in 2D/0D/2D COF@TiO2/MXene S-scheme heterojunction: Decipher charge pathways for antibiotic removal and H2O2 productionxInterface engineering; S -scheme heterojunction; Bi-functionality; Photocatalytic antibiotic removal; H 2 O 2 productionXPHOTOCATALYTIC CO2 REDUCTION; TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE; NANOSHEETS; DEGRADATION; TI3C2;Interface engineering is gradually emerging as a rational protocol for constructing efficient heterojunction interfaces. In this work, MXene nanosheets, as a platform for in situ growth of ultrafine TiO2 and simultaneously the confined microenvironment for the decoration of Schiff-base COF, was employed to construct a ternary heterojunction COF@TiO2/MXene for promoting 2D/0D/2D interface interactions. The optimized heterojunction contributed highly elevated reaction kinetics of up to 0.03423 min-1 for antibiotic degradation along with 69.7 % of mineralization rate under visible light, which were further strengthened to 0.04326 min-1 through photocatalytic self-fenton process due to its commendable H2O2 generation capacity. In situ XPS and DFT calculations revealed the formation of S-scheme heterojunction, so as to achieve sufficient production of reactive oxygen species. It is believed that such bi-functional heterojunction possesses an anticipated potential in environmental remediation and solar energy conversion, driving the advancement of S-scheme heterojunctions.`Hu, Bin; Yang, Xiao; Liu, Ying; Liu, Ji; Li, Ji-Hong; Jiang, Xiao-Yan; Zhang, Zhen-Xi; Lu, Qiang_Insight into the Pyrolysis Mechanism of -O-4 Linked Lignin: The Role of Alkali Metal Potassium,MODEL; INHERENT; BIOMASS; IMPACT; DIMER; DFTdThe inherent alkali and alkaline earth metals have certain influences on the pyrolysis of lignin. However, the microscopic pyrolysis mechanisms remain unclear, especially for the alpha-O-4 linked lignin. In this article, the alpha-O-4 lignin dimer was used as a model compound to investigate the effects of alkali metal ions (K+) on its pyrolysis process and products by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electronic structure analysis. The main binding modes of K+ with the lignin dimer were first identified, and then, the radical and concerted mechanisms under different binding modes were calculated. K+ shows a preference for binding to the nucleophilic benzene ring and O atoms. The varied binding sites of K+ result in different influences on the unimolecular/bimolecular radical and concerted reactions. Generally, reactions can be promoted when K+ bonds to the hydroxyl O or the O-terminal benzene ring, and the competitiveness of different pyrolysis reactions is altered by K+ due to its distinct binding sites and influence. The current work can contribute to the research of lignin pyrolysis.pLi, Li; Ling, Lei; Shan, Shuai; Xie, Yajun; Zhang, Lanchun; Han, Bingyuan; Bei, Shaoyi; Zheng, Keqing; Xu, QiangvIn-Depth Analysis of Electrochemical Reaction Rate Distribution in Microfluidic Fuel Cell with Flow-Through Electrodes`flow-through electrodes; microfluidic fuel cells; ohmic resistances; reaction rate distributions8POROUS-ELECTRODE; METHANOL; ARCHITECTURE; AEROGEL; MODEL$Nonuniform reaction rate distributions are commonly observed in the microfluidic fuel cell (MFC) systems, which bring a significant limit to the cell output. < Herein, systematic analyses are performed to explore the electrochemical reaction rate distributions in the flow-through electrodes of MFCs, and in-depth understanding of the distribution mechanisms under various operating conditions is presented via a MFC performance simulation model. The results demonstrate that the high-reaction-rate regions locate at the inner parts of the flow-through electrodes in the high flow rate and high-reactant concentration cases which are ohmic-resistance dominated, while moving toward the outer parts of the electrodes with the decreasing of flow rate and/or reactant concentration due to the increased concentration-related activation resistance. A series of performance enhancement strategies are also proposed and examined. It is found that smaller electrode aspect ratio, reduced electrode distance, excess supporting electrolyte, and larger specific surface area are desirable in the high flow rate and high-reactant concentration cases, which can boost the cell performances significantly. This work can contribute to the optimal designs of microfluidic fuel cells under various application scenarios in the future.6Zhang, Yafeng; Tu, Dawei; Cai, Jianwen; Zhang, Meifeng?Image polar radius distribution for seed orientation adjustmentAPPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE%CLASSIFICATION; EXTRACTION; TRANSFORMSeed orientation is an important factor in high-speed automatic seeders used for sowing crops such as garlic cloves and corn kernels. However, obtaining accurate seed orientation angles can be challenging due to high-frequency noise points and false top features in seed images, which can negatively impact the orientation effect. In this paper, we introduce a directional adjustment method based on the polar radius distribution map to address this issue. Our method involves two main steps. Firstly, we use the morphological opening operation to process speckles and some seed apex parts and use the region marker to obtain the original polar radius distribution curve signal. Secondly, we use the wavelet packet transform to analyze the original polar radius distribution curve signal, which yields a direction rotation angle after analysis and calculation and enables the determination of seed orientation. Our experimental results show that our method can better identify the germination location at the top of the seed, and the calculated rotation angle is more conducive to seed direction adjustment than the rotation angle directly determined by the maximum polar radius in the polar radius vector. This is due to the advantage of higher frequency resolution of wavelet packet analysis, which enables us to obtain a polar radius distribution curve signal with low noise, better smoothness, and more realistic reflection of the edge characteristics of the seed contour boundary. The proposed method provides an effective solution for accurately adjusting the orientation of garlic cloves and corn kernels and potentially other crops that require automation technology. Our key finding is that using the polar radius distribution map and wavelet packet transform can yield better results in seed orientation adjustment, by removing high-frequency noise points and false top features and improving the accuracy of seed rotation angle calculation.7Chen, Yongjiang; Jing, Yujie; Shen, Feiyu; Sun, JingkaiuHysteresis modeling and experimental research of pneumatic constant force grinding system based on GRU neural networkgRobotic grinding; force control; hysteresis nonlinearity; pneumatic constant force grinding system; GRUThe pneumatic constant force grinding system has attracted a lot of attention in the fields of robot grinding. However, the hysteresis behavior of the pneumatic constant force grinding system has multi-valued mapping characteristics and dynamic characteristics related to the frequency and amplitude of the input signal. Aiming at the hysteresis problem of pneumatic constant force device, a gated recurrent unit neural network (GRU) modeling method based on Bayesian optimization is proposed, and the effectiveness of the modeli< ng method is verified by experiments. The ability of the model to describe the hysteresis behavior of the system and the force control performance and polishing effect based on the model are analyzed by experiments. The results show that the GRU model has better description ability for the hysteresis behavior related to amplitude and frequency than the rational Bezier curve fitting method (BCM). Through the grinding test, it can be seen that the output constant force fluctuation range based on the GRU neural network model is -1 similar to 1 N. With the increase of the grinding force, the surface roughness and morphology of the specimen are improved, and the average surface roughness is reduced by 23.79 % at most.\Lu, Enhui; Ji, Rukun; Ding, Feiyang; Chen, Ronghua; Zhang, Shanwen; Zhu, Xinglong; Miu, HongpHigh-precision prediction of micro-displacement of workpiece using I-ResNet50V2 and dual-laser composite imagingHvisual laser ranging; dual-laser composite imaging; accuracy enhancementMonocular laser vision systems and machine learning-based micro-displacement measurement methods face critical limitations in feature representation accuracy and computational efficiency. Existing approaches rely on manually designed image metrics or suffer from excessive model complexity, leading to compromised precision and low computational efficiency. To address these challenges, we propose a lightweight deep learning framework integrating an optimized ResNet50V2 architecture with dual-laser composite imaging. Key innovations include: A structurally enhanced ResNet50V2 network that reduces parameters through depthwise separable convolutions and multi-scale feature extraction, while improving displacement-sensitive feature learning; A dual-laser imaging system that enhances robustness through adaptive fusion of complementary laser patterns. Experimental results demonstrate a measurement error below 0.07 mm with merely 12.98 million parameters, outperforming conventional machine learning methods in both precision and computational efficiency. The proposed system provides a cost-effective solution for high-precision micro-displacement measurement in resource-constrained industrial applications.PWang, Qianli; Komatsu, Hiroki; Kudo, Shinji; Asano, Shusaku; Hayashi, Jun-ichiroVGreen synthesis of binder-free plate from waste bamboo based on hydrothermal treatment"BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERYcWaste bamboo; Hydrothermal treatment; Binder-free plate; Solvent-soluble matter; Strength mechanism}MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGNIN; SURFACE; FIBER; PARTICLEBOARD; FRACTIONATION; TORREFACTION; IMPROVEMENT; COMPOSITES; CELLULOSEWooden particleboards generally involve formaldehyde-based binders in the furniture industry, which facilely release hazardous substances. All-natural boards derived from non-wooden biomass are attractive candidates to substitute wooden products due to their green and sustainable properties. Herein, waste bamboo particles were processed into binder-free and high-strength plates without external binder through a sequential hydrothermal treatment (HT), pulverization, and hot pressing. The effects of HT time (2-137 min) and temperature (160-250 degrees C) on the structure and strength of the plates were investigated. The tensile strength and fracture energy of the obtained plates were maximized in HT at 180 degrees C with a holding time of 77 min. The corresponding tensile strength (28 MPa) and fracture energy (2100 mJ) were increased by 1.9 times and 3.5 times, respectively, compared with that of the original bamboo plates. The mechanism of strength based on HT time was also systematically discussed, combined with solvent extraction of treated bamboo. Hemicellulose, lignin, and solvent-soluble matter (SSM) contributed to the strength as binder/matrix, while the resulting cellulose-rich fibrous particles provided the reinforcement in densified plates. This work optimizes the hydrothermal treatment process and offers an environment-friendly route to valorize agricultural and forestry wastes.#Huang, Cheng; Sun, Molin; Dai, Ming`Geometricall< y nonlinear analytic solution for circular liquid inclusions in a soft elastic solidMLiquid inclusion; Soft material; Geometric nonlinearity; Stress concentrationWe re-examine the plane deformation of a compressible circular liquid inclusion embedded within an elastic, saturated solid matrix under uniform far-field loading. In contrast to the classical solution for this problem which predicts only a linear elastic response of the composite system to the far-field loading, we identify a modified but still closed-form solution allowing for a nonlinear response to the far-field loading. The modified solution differs from its classical counterpart mainly in that it additionally captures the directional change of the liquid pressure when the liquid-solid interface is deformed with the far-field loading. In this case, the modified solution offers a possibility of characterizing, to some extent, the geometrically nonlinear behavior of a soft elastic solid filled with liquid inclusions under relatively large external loadings. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the essential improvements brought by the modified solution as opposed to the classical solution in predicting the local stress field and the overall effective moduli of the homogenized liquid-solid composite materials. Since the overall framework of the modified solution is still confined to linear elasticity, however, it inevitably has some limitations in applications: it works well only for a weakly nonlinear soft matrix under moderate far-field tensile strain (for example, up to around 14 %), although it fails basically for a soft matrix under compression loadings.Ye, Haihan; Chen, WupGeneralized Synchronous Stabilization Control for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power Plants During Severe AC FaultsPhase locked loops; Voltage control; Synchronization; Wind power generation; Codes; Transient analysis; Power system stability; Impedance; Circuit faults; Inductors; Wind power plant; MMC-HVDC; synchro- nization stability; current shaping; fault ride-through:SYNCHRONIZATION STABILITY; TRANSIENT STABILITY; CONVERTERSThis paper provides a generalized synchronization stabilization control method for offshore wind power transmission systems, which can be used to maintain synchronization during severe AC faults. The proposed method introduces the dynamics of phase-locked loop into the active current loop, so as to trigger the negative feedback between active current and power angle in the power circuit stage to stabilize the phase tracking of wind power plants under complex operating conditions, e.g., including dynamic coupling between multiple wind power plants and considering voltage-dependent current injection specified by the fault ride-through codes. Comparing with the classic Lyapunov methods and equal-area methods, the proposed method does not require either detailed analytical expressions of the entire system or real-time fault detection and high-speed communication, which fundamentally creates a novel idea for distributed synchronous stabilization control. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by Matlab/Simulink results.+Zhang, Rui; Lei, Bo; Chen, Biao; Liu, FuyansFriction and Wear Mechanisms of Ti3SiC2/Cu Composites under the Synergistic Effect of Velocity-Load Field at 800 CCTi3SiC2/Cu composites; tribo-oxidation; friction and wear mechanismMICROSTRUCTURETi3SiC2/Cu composites were prepared using spark plasma sintering technology, and the effect of the velocity-load bivariate on the tribological behaviors of the Ti3SiC2/Cu-45# steel tribo-pair at 800 degrees C was investigated. The physical change and frictional chemical reaction during the friction process were analyzed based on the morphology characterization and frictional interface phases. The related friction and wear mechanism model was established. The results showed that the influence of velocity and load on the tribological performance of the Ti3SiC2/Cu-45# steel tribo-pair was not monotonically linear. When both the velocity and load were large, the coordinated effect of the t< wo led to a low friction coefficient (0.52). At 800 degrees C, the velocity mainly affected the exfoliation and re-formation of the oxide film on the wear surface of the Ti3SiC2/Cu-45# steel tribo-pair, while the load affected the extrusion and fragmentation of the oxide film on the wear surface of the tribo-pair. In the friction process, frictional oxidation was the main influencing factor for the formation of the oxide film. When the velocity and load were small, the main frictional oxide consisted of SiO2-x and a small amount of CuO. When the velocity reached 1 m/s and the load reached 3 N, the oxide film was partially broken down and flaked off, and the matrix of the Ti3SiC2/Cu composite was exposed and oxidized, at which time the oxide film was composed of SiO2-x, TiO2, CuO, and Fe2O3. Under the synergistic effect of the velocity-load-temperature field, the friction and wear mechanism of the Ti3SiC2/Cu-45# steel tribo-pair changed from abrasive wear to frictional oxidation wear with the increase in velocity and load.iNasr, Ahmed; Duan, Zhenhua; Singh, Amardeep; Deng, Qi; Yang, Min; Sun, Qiong; Arab, Mohammed Abd El-SalamFresh properties and rheological behavior of 3D-Printed cementitious composites incorporating recycled PVC and nylon fibers: An experimental approach^3D printed concrete; Rheological properties; Fresh properties; Recycled fibers; Green strengthSELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE; HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR; ASPECT RATIO; 3D; AGGREGATE; DESIGNThe increasing global use of plastic materials is leading to a corresponding rise in plastic wastes, posing significant environmental challenges. This research explores the effects of incorporating recycled plastic fibers (RPFs) derived from nylon and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) industry wastes into 3D-printed cementitious composites (3DPCC). The impact of using these two types of fibers on the fresh properties, rheological behavior, green strength, extrudability and buildability of 3DPCC is explored. The main variables in this study are fiber type, volume fraction (0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 2.0 %) and fiber length (6 mm and 12 mm). The results show that adding RPFs, particularly longer fibers, decreases the flowability and workability of 3DPCC, with PVC fibers having a more pronounced effect than nylon fibers. Utilizing RPFs in 3DPCC mixes increased plastic viscosity (PV) and yield stress (YS). At a volume fraction of 2 % and a length of 12 mm, PVC fibers increased the static yield stress by 214.5 %, the dynamic yield stress by 155.2 %, and the PV by 177.7 %. Furthermore, the results indicate that samples containing PVC fibers outperform those containing nylon fibers and samples without fiber content in terms of green compressive strength, crack pattern, and buildability. By using a fiber volume fraction of 2 % and 12-mm length, PVC fibers reduced structural failure by 36.8 %, allowing for the construction of 38 layers compared to 24 layers in the control sample.1Xu, Yongming; Xu, Ziyi; Meng, Yang; Wang, YaodongFluid-thermal characteristics of high-voltage line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor based on bidirectional hydraulic-thermal network couplingCENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECHHigh-voltage LSPMSM; Bidirectional hydraulic-thermal network coupling; Axial and radial mixed ventilation cooling; Fluid-thermal characteristicsHEAT-TRANSFER; MODEL; MACHINESThis paper concerns the fluid-thermal characteristics of a high-voltage line-start permanent magnet syn-chronous motor (LSPMSM). A bidirectional hydraulic-thermal network coupling methodology is pro-posed and applied to the fluid-thermal characteristics calculation. The proposed method can fully account for fluid-thermal interactions to achieve an accurate prediction. According to the structural fea-tures of the motor with axial and radial mixed ventilation cooling, the global hydraulic network is estab-lished by connecting the local indenter elements and hydraulic resistances. The global thermal network is established based on heat source distribution and<  heat transfer paths. The temperature rise of the motor ranges from 45.8 K to 84.9 K. The hotspot appears at the lower end-winding on the drive side, and the lowest temperature rise occurs on the nondrive side of the shaft. Moreover, the experimental platform is built to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, and the relative error is 2.2% and 2.9%.& COPY; 2023 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).IJiang, Boyan; Feng, Yingchen; Su, Qiuhan; Huang, Xiaoyong; Li, ChuanjiangsFinite-time convergent control for spacecraft attitude stabilization based on the adding power integrator technique^PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERINGhFinite-time control; spacecraft attitude stabilization; terminal sliding mode; adding a power integratorPSLIDING-MODE CONTROL; FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL; RIGID SPACECRAFT; TRACKING; DESIGNThis article investigates the control of attitude stabilization for a rigid spacecraft using non-singular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC). A new problem with the traditional NTSMC has been pointed out. This issue is that the mathematical expression of the upper bound of convergence time will approach infinity as the angular velocity approaches zero. In order to address this issue in the traditional NTSMC, a new control method is proposed. This method utilizes the technique of adding a power integrator (AAPI), and provides a bounded expression for convergence time. When considering external disturbances, control input limitations, and actuator faults, the attitude and angular velocity can eventually stabilize to a residual set of equilibrium within a finite time. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controllers achieve highly accurate and resilient attitude control performance."Ren, Xuejing; Li, Bo; Zhao, JunjiewFinite-Time H" Optimize Controller Design for Singular Positive Markovian Jump Delay Systems With Saturation ConstraintState feedback; Uncertainty; Simulation; Switches; Stability analysis; Linear matrix inequalities; Feedback control; Time-varying systems; Thermal stability; Output feedback; Finite-time H-infinity controller design; saturation constraint; singular positive systems; optimize controlOUTPUT-FEEDBACK CONTROLIn this article, the finite-time H-infinity control problem for singular positive Markovian jump systems with time-varying delay and saturation constraint was studied. Firstly, considering the discontinuities caused by the mode-dependent singular matrix and Markov jump switching behavior, a state feedback controller is designed to guarantee the positivity and mean-square locally finite-time H-infinity stability of the considered system. Secondly, the maximum finite-time domain of attraction of the considered system subject to input saturation is estimated. Finally, to show the effectiveness of our control strategy, the simulation results are given..Zhang, Jing; Hu, Jun; Su, Chun; Hua, HongliangyFinite element simulation of the removal mechanism and ablation morphology of HA bio-coating by nanosecond laser ablationDNanosecond laser; Simulation; Marangoni flow; Hydroxyapatite coating!HYDROXYAPATITE; CONVECTION; TRACKIn this study a finite element model of nanosecond laser processing was developed using HA coatings on the surface of the biomaterial titanium alloy as the object of study. In this model, the nanosecond laser obeys a Gaussian distribution in time and space. In addition, the effects of material thermal conductivity, thermal convection and thermal radiation on the ablation morphology during the processing were considered in the model. The results showed an elliptical distribution of the temperature field in the initial period under the action of the Gaussian beam, with successive pulses and ablation crater shapes giving a crescent-shaped distribution of the temperature field. The cooling process of the melt pool was mainly influenced by heat conduction, and the depth of the ablat< ion pits increased significantly with the number of ablation, due to the combined effect of vapourisation and liquid phase migration. However, the lower recoil pressure at the ablation edge and the horizontal surface tension resulted in the groove width not increasing significantly with the number of ablation. Due to the lower thermal conductivity of the HA material compared to the metal, the ablation crater edges did not appear to have a raised crater shape and the ablation crater showed a shallow and wide formation. In addition, the simulated plus imitation shell shape was simulated using Soildworks software. The relative error between the simulation depth and the machining depth was small, and the simulated morphology was in good agreement with the experimental data. The validity and reliability of this finite element model was verified and can be used to guide the nanosecond laser processing of HA coatings.EMeng, X. K.; Zhou, J. Z.; Su, C.; Sheng, J.; Yang, X. W.; Chen, H. S.eFinite Element Method (FEM) Simulation of the Residual Stress in Ti6Al4V Following Warm Laser PeeningLASERS IN ENGINEERINGWarm laser peening (WLP); Ti6Al4V; compressive residual stress (CRS); finite element method (FEM); plastic flow; hardening; thermal softening7FATIGUE LIFE; TEMPERATURE; DURABILITY; BEHAVIOR; DESIGNWarm laser peening (WLP) is a thermo-mechanical treatment technique combining the advantages of high strain rate and high temperature, it is proved to have significant effects on the residual stress and microstructure induced by treating metals and alloys at elevated temperatures; however, the relationship between compressive residual stress (CRS) and WLP temperatures is not convincing yet. In this study the effects of laser peening at room temperature and WLP at elevated temperatures of 100 to 400 degrees C on the CRS of Ti6Al4V alloy were investigated by finite element method (FEM). The hardening and thermal softening effects on plastic flow were analysed, the CRS before and after rebound process was obtained and thus the distribution of CRS in WLP specimens was investigated. The results showed that WLP temperatures have important influence on the amplitude and distribution of CRS. Affected by the hardening effects, the amplitude of CRS increases gradually as temperature increases from 20 to 100 degrees C; however, when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees C, there is a significant decrease in the amplitude of CRS due to the increasing thermal softening effects. Moreover, the uniformity, affected width and affected depth of CRS are significantly improved by the 400 degrees C WLP.1-3$Liu, Chengwu; Liu, Han; Qiu, YinyuanFFault diagnosis of new energy vehicles based on PSO-IBP neural network0INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIESZnew energy vehicles; charging equipment; fault diagnosis; PSO-IBP network; momentum factor9This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for wireless charging system (WCS) of new energy vehicles based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-IBP. Firstly, the momentum factor and learning rate of back propagation (BP) neural network are optimized. Secondly, the improved BP neural network and PSO algorithm are fused to improve the fault diagnosis accuracy. Finally, taking the fault of charging equipment of new energy vehicles as an example, it is verified that the proposed method can achieve fast and accurate fault diagnosis in the WCS of new energy vehicles.3Zhao, Che; Duan, Lei; Hua, Hongliang; Zhang, JifenghExploring Water-Induced Helical Deformation Mechanism of 4D Printed Biomimetic Actuator for Narrow LumenUactuator; 4D printing; biomimetic; composite material structure; numerical simulationPINE-CONES; DISPERSALTo address the issues of limited adaptability and low spatial utilization in traditional rigid actuators, a biomimetic actuator with water-induced helical deformation functionality was designed. This actuator is capable of adaptive gripping and retrieval of objects in a narrow lumen. A numerical model was established to analyze its helical deformation mechanism, and the helical deformation char< acteristics of the actuator were calculated under different structural parameters. Based on four-dimensional (4D) printing technology, which integrates three-dimensional printed structures with responsive materials, experimental samples of biomimetic actuators were fabricated by combining thermoplastic polyurethane fiber scaffolds with water-absorbing polyurethane rubbers. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental data, the numerical model was corrected, providing theoretical guidance for the structural optimization design of the actuator. The experiment shows that the biomimetic actuator can act as a gripper to capture a small target in a lumen less than 5 mm in diameter. This research provides a theoretical and technical foundation for the development of specialized actuators aimed at narrow spaces.7Luo, Lei; Zhang, Chen; Yan, Zhiwei; Liu, Chao; Wang, YiExperimental investigation into the effects of key parameters on achieving SACI combustion in a two-stroke piston engine fueled with RP-3WSACI; Two-stroke piston engine; Jet fuel; Compression ratio; Spark timing; Spark energySPARK-IGNITION ENGINE; KNOCKSpark-Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) is a combustion process that starts with a spark and then releases heat, increasing gas pressure and temperature before transitioning to a second-phase combustion driven by autoignition. SACI operates at a higher compression ratio and is more thermally efficient than spark ignition (SI) combustion. Jet fuels, which are commonly used in aviation engines, have low auto-ignition temperatures and octane numbers, making them susceptible to auto-ignition, which aligns well with the SACI combustion mode. However, the potential application of SACI in piston engines fueled with jet fuels has not yet been explored. To address this issue, an experiment was carried out with a two-stroke piston engine fueled with RP-3 jet fuel, and the effects of key parameters such as spark timing, throttle opening, excess air coefficient, compression ratio, and spark energy on the combustion characteristics and combustion mode were investigated. The results show that SACI with a spontaneous combustion ratio of approximately 60% can be achieved in the engine at a compression ratio of 9.1. In SACI mode, combustion can be effectively adjusted by regulating both spark timing and spark energy. Once SACI is achieved, the auto-ignition timing can be advanced by advancing spark timing and increasing spark energy, while the spontaneous combustion ratio remains largely unaffected by changes in spark timing and increases with higher spark energy.`Li, Zonglin; Wang, Pan; Jin, Miaomiao; Ao, Chengcheng; Zhao, Hongyu; Cai, Jianwen; Meng, HaodonghEvolution C3H6 poisoning mechanism study of coke deposition in Cu-SSZ-13 catalytic microchannel reactors:Cu-SSZ-13; Coke deposition; Catalytic microchannel reactor.HYDROTHERMAL STABILITY; SCR; AMMONIA; NOX; NH3To address the increasingly stringent global mobile source emission regulations, post-injection technology in diesel engines was widely applied to the thermal management of after-treatment systems. However, the additional hydrocarbon (HCs) species generated by post-injection could poison the catalysts in the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) microchannel reactor, significantly reducing the reliability of the after-treatment system. This study investigated the mechanism of coke deposition induced by C3H6 poisoning on Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts. By combining thermogravimetric analysis, in situ infrared spectroscopy, and reaction kinetics simulation models, the key species involved in coke deposition formation and the regulation of reaction pathways on the Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst surface during the cracking of C3H6 were elucidated. The results showed that 20 h of C3H6 poisoning at 200 degrees C led to the formation of 3.02 wt% coke deposition on the Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst surface and shifted the NOx reduction temperature range from 182-470 degrees C to 288-532 degrees C. In situ infrared spectroscopy and reaction kinetics analysis together identified the main pathway for coke depos< ition as C3H6 -> C2H5 -> C2H3 -> CH3CO -> CH3 -> CH2 -> CH -> C. A higher C3H6 /O2 molar ratio effectively reduced the reaction rates of C3 -> C2 and C2 -> C1 at 218.6 degrees C and 342.5 degrees C, ultimately decreasing the maximum coke formation rate from 734.8 mol/(m3 & sdot;s) to 1587.8 mol/(m3 & sdot;s), thus inhibiting coke deposition formation."Yu, Qin; Wang, Guangmin; Xiao, YunkEvaluating Consolidation Centers of an Integrated Transportation Network under the Belt and Road InitiativeTcomplex network theory; consolidation center; integrated transportation network; BRISELECTION; NODES; CITY/Following the Belt and Road, the Air Silk Road has also been proposed. The coordinated development of multiple transportation modes, including air, land, and water, will create a strong transportation force in node cities. However, the current insufficient supply of cargo in various regions and the lack of integration among different transportation modes result in low transportation efficiency, which in turn affects the further advancement of the Belt and Road. To investigate these issues and attempt to find a solution, we selected 44 candidate cities from the prefecture-level cities in China as nodes based on relevant government policies, and constructed an integrated transportation network. For each node city, we first calculated the values of six classical indicators and then used the CRITIC to assign weights to each indicator. Subsequently, we employed the TOPSIS method combined with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to compute the comprehensive score for each node city. Based on the spatial layout and government policies under the BRI, eight cities, including Wuhan, Chongqing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Lianyungang, Hefei, and Dalian, were finally recommended as the consolidation centers of the integrated transportation network. It is hoped that the results of this analysis can provide some insights for the government to outline and build the consolidation centers of the integrated transportation network composed of railway, air, highway, and water routes, which in turn can offer insights for elevating the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to a new level.(Yang, Suhang; Chen, Tangrui; Xu, ZhifengEstimation on compressive strength of recycled aggregate self-compacting concrete using interpretable machine learning-based modelsENGINEERING COMPUTATIONSwMachine learning; Predictive model; Recycled aggregate self-compacting concrete; Compressive strength; Shapley analysisARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE; FLY-ASH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PREDICTION; COARSE; WASTE; DURABILITY; MORTAR"PurposeRecycled aggregate self-compacting concrete (RASCC) has the potential for sustainable resource utilization and has been widely applied. Predicting the compressive strength (CS) of RASCC is challenging due to its complex composite nature and nonlinear behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis study comprehensively evaluated commonly used machine learning (ML) techniques, including artificial neural networks (ANN), random trees (RT), bagging and random forests (RF) for predicting the CS of RASCC. The results indicate that RF and ANN models typically have advantages with higher R2 values, lower root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values.FindingsThe combination of ML and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) interpretable algorithms provides physical rationality, allowing engineers to adjust the proportion based on parameter analysis to predict and design RASCC. The sensitivity analysis of the ML model indicates that ANN's interpretation ability is weaker than tree-based algorithms (RT, BG and RF). ML regression technology has high accuracy, good interpretability and great potential for predicting the CS of RASCC.Originality/valueML regression technology has high accuracy, good interpretability and great potential for predicting the CS of RASCC.]Li, Jian-nan; Singh, Amardeep; Zhao, Yasong; Sun, Jingting; Tam, Vivian WY.; Xiao, JianzhuangyEnhancing thermo-mechanical and moisture properties of 3D< -Printed concrete through recycled ultra-fine waste glass powderk3D printed concrete; Reactive powder concrete; Glass powder; High-temperature resistance; Hygric properties*HYGRIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; DURABILITYThis paper presents a novel approach to enhancing 3D printed concrete (3DPC) by incorporating ultra-fine glass powder (UFGP), focusing on its mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance. Investigation like fresh properties, basic physical properties, residual compressive strength after exposure to 400 degrees C and 800 degrees C, hygric properties such as water vapor diffusion resistance, liquid water transport, and moisture buffering capacity were performed the observe the effect of UFGP replacement ratio on 3DPC, which demonstrates significant improvements, highlighting the potential of UFGP to elevate 3DPCs' performance. Results showed significant improvements, particularly with a 20% UFGP mix, which showed the lowest compressive strength loss (9.0% at 400 degrees C and 53.7% at 800 degrees C). Additionally, the water vapor diffusion resistance factor for the 20% UFGP mix was measured at 65.03. These results suggest that incorporating UFGP in 3DPC enhances thermal resilience and mechanical properties, offering a solution for high-temperature construction. This study contributes to sustainable construction by emphasizing the importance of mechanical resilience for structural integrity under extreme temperatures.Yang, Kai; Yang, Qiang; Li, Zhao; Zhang, Daotong; Liu, Chaozheng; Yang, Pu; Ling, Yiying; Hu, Yaorong; Liu, Yimei; Luo, Min; Chen, Weimin; Zhou, XiaoyanEnhancing the capacitance of carbonized wood by regulating the morphology and valence state of guest electrochemically active materialsFCarbonized wood; Copper oxide; Electrode; Constant potential oxidation=SURFACE-AREA; PERFORMANCE; OXIDE; SUPERCAPACITORS; ADSORPTIONUsing bottom-top methodology to load metal oxides with high pseudocapacitive activity onto carbonized wood (CW) is an efficient strategy to fabricate electrodes with large capacitance, while the morphology and metal valence in metal oxides are as important as their content but have received little attention. Herein, a heating treatment integrating carbonization and activation processes is used on Cu2+ loaded natural wood to prepare CW/CuxOy electrodes in which CuxOy with pseudocapacitive activity and CW with a high specific surface area (SSA) of 832 m2/g and good electric conductivity of 1.25 S cm- 1 are collaboratively achieving a capacitance of 430.5F/g at 150 mA g- 1. Then, a constant potential method is utilized not only to regulate the valence state of Cu and Cu2+ in CuxOy to Cu+ with much higher pseudocapacitive activity, but also to convert the morphology of CuxOy from sphericity to urchin-like and cluster structure with more available active sites. Therefore, the optimized electrode achieves a greatly improved capacitance of 855F/g, and the fabricated supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 75.93 Wh kg- 1 at 138 W kg- 1. This work provides an approach to enhance the specific capacitance of metal oxides-based electrodes from a fresh perspective.VShi, Naiyu; Li, He; Yang, Yongkang; Hua, Hongliang; Ye, Junhong; Chen, Zheng; Xu, TingUEnhancing Spraying Performance with Active Stability Control in Multi-Link Mechanisms@linkage mechanism; active regulation; Simulink; spraying machineBEHAVIOR; DESIGN:This study proposes an active stability control method for the multi-link mechanism of spraying equipment to enhance its spraying performance. Traditional spraying operations typically focus on protecting only the tops of crops, whereas the multi-link mechanism can adjust the angle and position of the nozzles in coordination, achieving comprehensive protection for the crops. However, the characteristic of uneven output speed in the multi-link mechanism results in variations in the spraying amount at different positions. To address this issue, this study developed a method for actively adjusting the stability of the output end speed. First, a differential equation was established to<  relate the input speed to the output speed using vector methods, implicit function transformation to explicit functions, and regression analysis. The feasibility of this method was verified through simulations using MATLAB Simulink R2018a and Adams 2018. Prototype test results indicate that this speed adjustment method improved the stability of the output angular velocity, reducing the coverage rate variation between the upward, sideways, and downward of the leaves by 12.53% during the spraying process. Therefore, the method proposed in this study can enhance the uniformity of spraying, further improving the utilization of pesticides, which is beneficial for the green ecological sustainable development in the agricultural field. Additionally, this control method is also applicable to other types of link mechanisms, providing a reference for improving the output stability of link mechanisms.1Jiang, Wei; Guo, Hun; Jin, Mengfei; Chang, Ray C.mEnhancement of aviation fuel efficiency for jet commercial transport aircraft based on static margin analysisCenter of gravity (c.g.); Static margin (SM); Lift-to-drag ratio (L/D); Fuzzy-logic modeling (FLM); Flight operation quality assurance (FOQA); Flight data mining PurposeThis paper aims to improve the fuel management level of jet transport aircraft based on effective means for judging the abnormal static margin (SM) and the influencing factors of fuel consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe research applies flight data mining and fuzzy-logic modeling technologies to set up lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) and SM models for a four-jet transport aircraft by using its post-flight data in quick access recorder to monitor the SM movement during climbing and cruising flights. This paper will present the factors that influence the L/D, and how to monitor the deviation of the center of gravity (c.g.) for the aircraft based on the SM concept to assist airlines to cut down the budget on fuel waste.FindingsDuring the climbing phase, the SM will be changed by the elevator angle and xac will change with the flight Mach number. In the cruise phase of longer flight time, the obvious variation phenomenon is not caused by the xac shift, but by the xcg shift. The predicted c.g. position of SM model with deviated abnormally, the stabilizer will be deflected by a certain angle to balance the pitch moment during cruise flight, which will generate trim drag and increase fuel consumption.Research limitations/implicationsThis study assesses the factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of aircraft during the climb and cruise phases, and use the concept of SM to monitor the change of c.g. position to help civil aviation operators achieve the purpose of fuel saving.Practical implicationsThis study can provide airlines with an effective way to comprehensively judge the influence factors of SM anomaly. The reduction of fuel consumption can promote the aircraft to achieve remarkable results in fuel management and energy conservation with emission reduction.Social implicationsThe sensitivity derivative analysis has the ability to perform derivative prediction analysis on any input parameters, more flight cases can be enhanced in future research to improve flight safety and operational efficiency for airlines.Originality/valueThis study assesses the factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of aircraft during the climb and cruise phases, and use the concept of SM to monitor the change of c.g. position to help civil aviation operators achieve the purpose of fuel saving.Wu, Ke; Zhang, Xiao; Du, Changwen; Zhang, Ruimin; Zhou, Rongyan; Wang, Shaofeng; Guan, Ying; Jiang, Longjie; Li, Yucong; Gan, FangqunXEnhanced phosphate removal from water via hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworksPPhosphate adsorption; Hierarchical pores; UiO-66-NH 2; Intra-spherical complexesAQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL; EFFICIENT REMOVAL; UIO-66; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; MIL-100(FE); GLYPHOSATE; NUCLEATION; STABILITYiDeveloping metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) adsorbents with advanced phosphate removal capability is of remarkable si< gnificance in addressing the escalating water environment crisis. Herein, a UiO-66-NH2 MOFs with hierarchical pores, denoted as HUiO-66-NH2(X), was designed using MOF-5 as a template to be used as an effective strategy for selective phosphate removal. Results showed that HUiO-66-NH2(X) retains the integrity of the microporous UiO-66-NH2 structure and also contains a large number of mesopores. As the number of template additions increased, the particle size and average pore diameter of HUiO-66-NH2(X) decreased, while the specific surface area and adsorption capacity raised. The adsorption capacity of HUiO-66-NH2(X) with a high template content addition (HUiO-66-NH2-HTC) achieved the most excellent adsorption capacity of 226.7 mg/g, which surpassed most of the reported adsorbents. HUiO-66-NH2-HTC can adapt to a wide pH range in water and a high concentration of coexisting ions, and its adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir and pseudo-secondorder models. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the phosphate adsorption capacity of HUiO-66-NH2-HTC still demonstrated an impressive phosphate adsorption capacity of 186.7 mg/g, highlighting its excellent reusability. The phosphate adsorption mechanisms involve the formation of Zr intra-spherical complexes, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. These mechanisms were corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which showed good agreement with the experimental observations. Overall, HUiO-66-NH2-HTC exhibits exceptional phosphate adsorption capacity and selectivity, enabling the swift removal of phosphates in intricate aqueous environments. Our discoveries aim to aid in the development of MOF adsorbents with hierarchical pores for effective phosphates removal from water bodies.OXu, Zhengxuan; Zhang, Fan; Zhu, Lufeng; Chen, Ke; Zhang, Jinfeng; Hong, QiuhongxEffects of impeller trimming on energy performance and fluid-structure interaction characteristics of the two-stage pumpKTwo-stage pump; Impeller trimming; Performance; Fluid-structure interactionROTORDYNAMIC FORCES In this paper, the effects of impeller trimming on the performance and fluid-structure interaction characteristics of the two-stage pump are studied by numerical simulation and experimental verification. The existing impeller trimming formulas are primarily applicable to single-stage pumps. Applying these formulas to the current two- stage pump reveals that while they provide a reasonable approximation, discrepancies exist, indicating a need for greater precision. Therefore, the head trimming formula is preliminarily revised for this kind of pump. Meanwhile, according to the experimental data, a preliminary deduction indicates that the ratio between the ratio of change of each trim and the ratio of change of head is about 1.1. The variation of impeller dynamic characteristics under different trimming quantities is also studied. It was found that the prototype pump experienced the greatest pressure at 0.4Q. As the impeller is trimmed, the influence of the flow change on the pressure change in the impeller becomes smaller. The changing trend of equivalent stress with flow rate gradually flattened. Therefore, reasonable trimming of the impeller can optimize the stress of the impeller, reduce the fluid impact on the impeller when the pump is under variable flow conditions.RDuan, Yuechen; Sun, Siyuan; Huang, Guibin; Zhan, Zhiren; Yang, Jun; Wang, TingtingTEffects of impact angles and shapes on CAI strength of composite honeycomb structure(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESSLNomex honeycomb sandwich structure; CAI strength; impact angle; impact shapeZLOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; SANDWICH COMPOSITES; DAMAGE; COMPRESSION; TOLERANCE; BEHAVIOR; PANELSThe Compression After Impact (CAI) strength can enhance safety and reliability in engineering applications, improve simulation and prediction capabilities. It is also an important indicator for assessing the damage tolerance capacity of composite structures. The CAI strength is directly influenced by low-velocity impact, which holds significant scientific re< search implications for evaluating structural safety, optimising design and enhancing material properties. Analysing different impact shapes and angles provide a closer representation of real-world engineering scenarios, rendering results more reliable and valuable. The subject is a CFRP panel with Nomex honeycomb sandwich structure, where both the skin and core are composed of composite materials. Low-velocity impact and compression after impact tests were conducted to establish an integrated and refined finite element model for the CFRP panel with Nomex honeycomb structure. The model's validity was confirmed by comparing with test results. Various impact shapes and angles were investigated using the established model to examine their influence on the CAI strength of the composite honeycomb sandwich structure. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) Sharper impactors result in lower CAI strength and higher compressive failure displacement. (2) The CAI strength, normalised CAI strength, and failure displacement of the structure increase with the impact angles. Among the tested angles, the 30 degrees impact angle induced the least damage, exhibiting the highest CAI strength, normalised CAI strength, and failure displacement. However, as the angle increases, energy losses between the impactor and specimen increase, impact energy decrease. Consequently, the structural indicators decrease compared to the 30 degrees impact angle.&Yang, Suhang; Chen, Chuan; Xu, ZhifengNEffect of the core sample in low aspect ratio on concrete compressive strengthJcompressive strength; concrete core; evaluation; low aspect ratio; testingTO-DIAMETER RATIO Cores with diameters of 100, 75, and 50 mm and with varied length-to-diameter (l/d) ratios of 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6 were extracted from concrete panels of 11 different concrete mixtures and prepared in the lab. Compressive strength tests of concrete cores and cubic samples were performed at 7, 28, 60, and 120 days, respectively. Strengths of cores with l/d ratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 could be converted by the strength correction coefficient into that of the core with the l/d ratio of 1.0. The evidence for the reliability of compressive strength of cores with low l/d ratios is very seldom in literatures. The test results indicated that correction factors gradually decreased with the decrease in l/d ratio, the strength of the core increased and the effect was more pronounced for cores with smaller diameter and the maximum aggregate size. Correction factors of cores drilled from river gravel aggregate concrete are slightly higher than that from crushed stone aggregate concrete. The longer the age of concrete is, the lower the correction coefficient becomes. The proposed correction factor values for core test samples with the l/d ratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 differ from the prior researches. For compliance with the requirement of the test data variability, there is no reason to limit the ratio of aggregate sizes (d(a)) to the diameter of the core (d) to a minimum of 3.0 (d/d(a)). The results show that the concrete core with a diameter less than the standard size and l/d less than 1.0 can effectively reflect the variation of concrete strength with acceptable reliability. Drilling-core with low l/d ratios will facilitate the reduction of the damage to the structures, so the members with thickness less than 150 mm (e.g., slab and shearwall) can be drilled and tested.Yang, Suhang; Xu, ZhifengdEffect of stone powder and practical evaluation on mechanical property of manufactured sand concreteeManufactured sand concrete (MSC); stone powder content; experimental relations; mechanical parameters:HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE; CRUSHED STONE; FINES CONTENT; DUSTManufactured sand concrete (MSC) is a specific type of concrete successfully employed in many projects and structures made of reinforced concrete, and improving concrete structures. The important characteristic of mechanical sand is that the fine aggregate contains stone powder composed of particles which could pass 75 urn BS sieve. The influence of di< fferent stone powder contents on the properties of hardened concrete was studied through experiments. In addition, the experimental relations for estimating the mechanical parameters of MSC compared with CC is presented in this paper. Specimens made of MSC were prepared, on which the axial compression test, cube compression test, splitting test, flexural test and elastic modulus test were conducted. The experimental relations were obtained between the compressive strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus for MSC, and their validity were then investigated. Stone powder can fill the pores in the MSC, improve the overall grading of mechanism sand concrete, improve its working performance, and help to improve the mechanical strength of MSC. The optimum value of stone powder content is accepted as 7.5-10%. The conclusions obtained can provide a basis for the research and promotion application of mechanism sand concrete. The results indicated that the obtained relations could be used to estimate the mechanical properties of MSC with accuracy.;Song, Jie; Si, Peng; Hua, Hong-liang; Wu, Zhi-lin; Liu, Kun6Dynamics of a Multi-pulse Excited Rotating Beam SystemlRotating beam; Multi-pulse excitation; Periodic motion; Rigid-flexible coupling dynamics; Machine gun systemVIBRATION ANALYSISFPurpose and BackgroundThe periodic motion characteristic is crucial for the firing accuracy of the machine gun system. In this study, a demonstrated machine gun system is simplified as a rotating beam system to study its periodic motion characteristic under a multi-pulsed excitation. Unlike the previously rotating beam model, the beam axis and the rotation center are non-collinear.MethodsThe nonlinear coupled dynamic model of the system is derived by Rayleigh-Ritz method and Lagrange equation, and the dynamic responses are analyzed using Runge-Kutta method. Based on the computed responses, the effect of rotating radius, beam length, torsional stiffness and damping on system dynamic behavior are analyzed and discussed.Results and ConclusionResults reveal that increasing the rotating radius and beam length could affect the periodic motion of the system gradually. Increasing the torsional stiffness could enhance the periodic motion characteristic of the rotating beam system. The quasi-periodic motion characterized of the system could be dominated by matching the torsional damping.#Zhang, Xi-meng; Qi, Hui; Fan, ZhiyuSDynamic performance of circular cavity in an elastic half-space with initial stresstIn this paper, the dynamic problem of a circular cavity in an elastic half-space with initial stress is studied. Firstly, the equilibrium equation for the two-dimensional elastic medium with initial stress under the SH wave is obtained by tensor analysis. Then, the analytical expression of scattering wave is established by conformal mapping method and substitution method. Finally, based on the theory of incremental elasticity, the expression for the total stress is derived. The integral equations are set up through boundary conditions and solved by applying orthogonal function expansion technique and effective truncation. The calculation results analyzed and discussed the dynamic stress concentration factor around the circular cavity. Besides, the analytical solutions are compared with the finite element solutions to verify the accuracy of the conclusions in this article.$Zhang, Xi-meng; Qi, Hui; Wu, Yi-ningsDynamic performance of V-notch at the lower interface covered by the viscous fluid coating: Navier-Stokes equationsHALF-SPACE; WAVES<In this paper, the dynamic problem of a V-notch at the lower interface covered by the viscous fluid coating is studied. Firstly, the expression for the incident SH wave in the viscous fluid coating is obtained by Navier-Stokes equations. Then, the analytical expression of standing wave is established by the fractional Bessel function expansion method and Graf addition theorem. Finally, large-arc assume method is applied, the elastic half space base and viscous fluid coating are divided into two strips along the horizontal inter< face, the straight boundaries are converted into curved boundaries, and the expressions of scattering waves caused by curved boundaries are obtained. The integral equations are set up through boundary conditions and solved by applying orthogonal function expansion technique and effective truncation. Besides, the analytical solutions are compared with the finite element solutions to verify the accuracy of the conclusions in this article. The innovation in research methods of this article is the introduction of the large-arc assume method and Navier-Stokes equations. After calculation, it can be concluded that: When beta 1=3 pi 3 pi 44\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta_{1} = {{3\pi } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{3\pi } 4}} \right. \kern-0pt} 4}$$\end{document}, the value of DSCF reaches the maximum 6.61 theta=-180 degrees\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left( {\theta = - 180<^>\circ } \right)$$\end{document}.XDevelopment of an optical-mechanical scanning platform for terahertz wave imaging systemNterahertz wave; optical-mechanical scanning; beam scanning; Cassegrain antenna1An optical-mechanical scanning platform for terahertz imaging is designed and studied based on the single-channel 360-GHz radiometer. The fast scanning of 360-GHz Cassegrain antenna beam is realized through the rotation of a metal mirror with the inclination of 45-deg angle. An optical-mechanical scanning platform with fast 2D beam scanning is integrated into the 360-GHz terahertz wave imaging system. The imaging results show that the initial design goal of the imaging system is completed. (C) 2021 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)Meng, Xu; Li, ZhipengWDesign and Analysis of Interdigital Electrode Parallel Layout of Multilayer SAW DevicesSurface acoustic wave devices; Layout; Electrodes; Silicon; Surface acoustic waves; Diamonds; Couplings; Design optimization; finite element analysis (FEA); interdigital transducer (IDT); multilayer structure; surface acoustic wave (SAW)TRANSDUCERS; DIAMONDLTo obtain high-frequency SAW devices, the interdigital transducer electrodes are prepared narrower and the electrode spacing is smaller, which leads to higher cost and lower reliability of high-frequency SAW devices. In this paper, two other interdigital electrode parallel layout structures are designed based on the traditional IDT flat layer layout structure, and the influence of the three different IDT electrode layout structures on the SAW device of LiNbO3/Diamond/Si multilayer structure is studied by COMSOL Multiphysics. The results show that the designed multi-layer structure SAW device can successfully excite SAW with superior performance, and the parallel layout structure of the interdigital electrode can reduce the lateral size of SAW device, which provides a new idea and direction for the miniaturization of the SAW devices.XWu, Xiaofeng; Hua, Hongliang; Feng, Songquan; Zhao, Yanli; Yang, Yuhong; Liao, ZhenqiangvData-Driven Feedforward Force Control of a Single-Acting Pneumatic Cylinder with a Nonlinear Hysteresis Characteristic?actuating; pneumatic; force control; single-acting; data-drivenNEURAL-NETWORK CONTROLPneumatic force control has a broad application background in the automation field, such as in industrial polishing, robotic grasping, and humanoid robots. Nonlinear hysteresis characteristics are one of the major factors that affect the feedforward force control performance of a pneumatic system. The primary motivation of this paper is to develop an accurate feedforward actuating force control method for a single-acting pneumatic cylinder with a nonlinear hysteresis characteristic. A data-driven neural network modeling method is presented < to achieve accurate actuating force modeling. The modeling accuracy of the neural network model under different configurations of the input layer is quantitatively analyzed to determine the essential modeling variables. The real-time execution speed of neural network models with different numbers of hidden neurons is evaluated to achieve a balance between the modeling accuracy and the real-time computing speed of the neural network model. Then, a single-acting pneumatic system is fabricated to experimentally verify the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control method. The experimental results reveal that the actuating force can achieve ideal tracking of the target. In both the loading and the unloading process, the amplitude of the control error is less than 0.5 N. The overall RMS value of the control error is about 1 N. An instruction smoothing operation could reduce the percentage overshoot and steady-state error of the feedforward step actuating force control.'Yang, Suhang; Wang, Junxia; Xu, ZhifengRCylinder Compression Test Method for Estimation of In-situ Masonry Mortar StrengthHCrushability index; Compressive strength; In-situ test; Mortar particlesThe crush compression test method (CCTM), which is frequently used to determine the crushing value of rock particles, is employed to determine the compressive strength of the in-situ masonry mortar in this paper. In a cylinder, mortar particles are partially crushed and the peak load is recorded. To develop standardized test methods, the effect of numerous variables (particle weight of the mortar, mortar cube strength, aggregate gradation ratio, loading time, and loading rate) on the test's precision is addressed. The scattering of values is analyzed to determine the CCTM's reliability and repeatability. The experimental results indicated a high correlation between the CCTM strength and the compressive strength of mortar cubes with an M2.0 to M16.0 compressive strength. Comparative studies with other established test techniques were done to determine whether CCTM could be used as a substitute for compressive testing of masonry mortar. The results of the CCTM tests were highly correlated with the strength parameters of the mortar, particularly for the low-strength mortar. The in-situ test established that the CCTM could accurately determine the change in compressive strength of mortar while maintaining appropriate scatting test values.~Xu, Qiang; Xie, Yajun; Lin, Xue-Mei; Hang, Weixing; Zhou, Wencai; Bei, Shaoyi; Li, Li; Wang, Xiaochun; Zheng, Keqing; Ni, MengContact mode analyses of phase change material and liquid cooling channels with batteries in hybrid battery thermal management systemHBattery thermal management system; Hybrid; Contact mode; Ultrathin layerdHybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) coupling phase change material (PCM) with liquid cooling channels (LCCs) is promising for battery temperature control. However, the contact modes of PCM and LCC with the batteries are critical for battery thermal management but they are rarely studied. In this work, three contact modes of PCM and LCCs with batteries are studied, where only PCM directly contact with batteries in Type 1, PCM and LCCs contact with batteries alternatively in Type 2, while PCM and LCCs contact with batteries separately in Type 3. Merits and demerits of the different contact modes are systematically analyzed. Insertion of ultrathin PCM layer between LCCs and batteries is proposed to alleviate the temperature non-uniformity resulted from low temperature zone at battery and channel interface in Type 2 and 3. The improved BTMSs with suitable PCM layer thickness (0.2 mm) could control T max and Delta T max at 36.12 degrees C and 2.91 degrees C in Type 2 and 36.09 degrees C and 3.19 degrees C in Type 3 even under a high discharge rate of 5C. Environmental adaptabilities of the hybrid BTMSs are also compared under various ambient temperatures and convection conditions. The results highlight the significance of hybrid BTMS, especially in the design of improved Type 2 with ultrathin PCM layer, for<  the development of advanced cooling systems.WZhou, Pin; Li, Xin; Ge, Dongdong; Zhu, Nanwen; Gu, Yun; Zhu, Binglong; Huang, ShouqiangComplete solidification of landfill concentrated leachate using a minimal dosage of mayenite and its reutilization for carbonyl sulfide degradationJOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALSRConcentrated leachate; Solidification; Reutilization; Carbonyl sulfide degradationFLY-ASHLandfill concentrated leachate (CL) contains high concentrations of organic pollutants, salts, and heavy metal ions. Treatment methods for CL include recharge, evaporation, and incineration; however, these processes are challenged by high load demands, treatment complexity, and limited potential for resource recovery. Herein, the mayenite-enriched calcium-aluminum oxide (CaxAlyOz) was used to solidify CL. With an optimal dosage of 30 %, the solidified product, marked as CL-CAOSP, was obtained, which not only mitigates the challenges associated with leachate discharge but also enhances the efficiency of water evaporation due to the lower binding energy at the Ca4Al2O6Cl2 center dot 10H2O/Al2O3-water interface compared to that of the water-water interface. To dispose of CLCAOSP, its organic pollutants underwent a high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization process to form porous carbon, which was tightly combined with the alkali and alkaline earth metals-doped Ca12Al14O32Cl2 to create an efficient hydrolysis catalyst for the toxic gas carbonyl sulfide (COS). The calcined CL-CAOSP is also capable of cyclically solidifying CL up to five times, significantly reducing the required dosage of CaxAlyOz and the generation of the terminal solidified product. These results provide novel treatment and resource utilization technologies for CL, serving as valuable guides for the implementation of CL treatment practices.LLiu, Wei; Wang, Hui; Lou, Ziyang; Cui, Changzheng; Sun, Zhiyi; Huang, QiujieCo-occurrence and risk emission potential of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes, and heavy metals in concentrated leachate in ChinaZConcentrated leachate; Hazardous waste identification; Heavy metals; Emerging contaminantscLANDFILL LEACHATE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; ASSOCIATION; SHANGHAI; IMPACT; RIVERFMembrane-driven process was widely applied for advanced treatment of leachate to achieve the final limitation, but around 10-million-ton concentrated leachate (CL) generated annually has become a hot potato. CL properties and their potential risks were overlooked, and here, we filled in these blanks based on samples from seven provinces from traditional and emerging pollutants perspective. Cd, Pb and Cr were the main contributors for hazardous waste identification with the concentration of 0.07-5.10 mg/L. Sigma Sulfonamides, Sigma fluoroquinolones and Sigma tetracyclines were 408-1,590 ng/L, 2,499-8,306 ng/L and 1,294-1,432 ng/L, respectively. Fluoroquinolones presented critical eco-risks with acute and chronic risk quotients of 85.2-123.1 and 60.3-492.2. Significant correlations between antibiotics, antibiotics resistant genes, and heavy metals were also gained. Annual generation of antibiotics and heavy metal were estimated to be 61.4 kg and 693 tons in 1,955 existing landfills and 214 incineration plants in China. CL seems to be a hazardous waste-like compound based on the toxic substance contents listed in GB 5085.6-2007 and the eco-risks of emerging antibiotics. Regulation permit writers should consider not only water quality, but also the best available technology economically achievable and potential secondary pollutants.MCircular inclusion with a refined linearized version of Steigmann-Ogden model^Interface effect; interface elasticity; bending stiffness; curvature; unidirectional compositeKELASTIC FIELD; SPHERICAL INCLUSION; INHOMOGENEITY; INTERFACES; SOLIDS; SOFTThe plane deformation of an infinite elastic matrix enclosing a single circular inclusion incorporating stretching and bending resistance for the inclusion-matrix interface is revisited using a refined linearized version of the Steigmann-Ogden model. This refined vers< ion of the Steigmann-Ogden model differs from other linearized counterparts in the literature mainly in that the tangential force of the interface defined in this version depends not only on the stretch of the interface but also on the bending moment and initial curvature of the interface (the corresponding bending moment relies on the change in the real curvature of the interface during deformation). Closed-form results are derived for the full elastic field in inclusion-matrix structure induced by an arbitrary uniform in-plane far-field loading. It is identified that with this refined version of the Steigmann-Ogden model a uniform stress distribution could be achieved inside the inclusion for any non-hydrostatic far-field loading when R = root 3 chi(int)/lambda(int) (where R is the radius of the inclusion, while lambda(int) and chi(int) are the stretching and bending stiffness of the interface). Explicit expressions are also obtained for the effective transverse properties of composite materials containing a large number of unidirectional circular cylindrical inclusions using, respectively, the dilute and Mori-Tanaka homogenization methods. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the differences between the refined version and two typical counterparts of the Steigmann-Ogden model in evaluating the stress field around a circular nanosized inclusion and the effective properties of the corresponding homogenized composites.SHuang, Dongqi; Lu, Ye; Hua, Linxin; Lin, Solomon T. K.; Deng, Jianghua; Chen, ShukeXBuilding information modeling supported bridge structural health diagnosis and prognosisStructural health monitoring; building information modeling; data visualization; bridge diagnosis; bridge prognosis; bridge management FATIGUE LIFEThis study introduced a framework that facilitates bridge diagnostic and prognostic evaluations and related visualizations, leveraging building information modeling (BIM) techniques and data-driven structural health monitoring. Diagnostic and prognostic algorithms are proposed and able to provide intuitive and accessible structural insights via three-dimensional visualizations supported by the BIM techniques. Through the data communication channel established, virtual model information was successfully embedded into the bridge health evaluations, emphasizing the contribution of BIM techniques for data analysis. The proposed algorithms were applied to a case study of a reinforced concrete bridge. Strain distribution along the bridge deck was mapped in the 3D virtual model, which was able to precisely identify the critical location for potential damage. The residual fatigue life of different parts of the bridge deck was estimated and visualized by considering the main effects of traffic loading, exhibiting good alignments with the diagnostic results. The proposed framework is able to provide understandable and actionable structural information for stakeholders, facilitating the timely identification of structural issues and long-term planning of maintenance schedules.@Yang, Lin; Xu, Zhe; Yuan, Fenggang; Liu, Yanting; Tian, GuozhongsBoston Consulting Group Matrix-Based Equilibrium Optimizer for Numerical Optimization and Dynamic Economic Dispatchqmetaheuristic algorithm; optimization; dynamic economic dispatch; population diversity; exploration; exploitationGRAVITATIONAL SEARCH ALGORITHM; BRAIN STORM OPTIMIZATION; ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION; BCG MATRIX; METHODOLOGY; FRAMEWORK; SINGLENumerous optimization problems exist in the design and operation of power systems, critical for efficient energy use, cost minimization, and system stability. With increasing energy demand and diversifying energy structures, these problems grow increasingly complex. Metaheuristic algorithms have been highlighted for their flexibility and effectiveness in addressing such complex problems. To further explore the theoretical support of metaheuristic algorithms for optimization problems in power systems, this paper proposes a novel algorithm, the Boston Consulting Group Matrix-based Equilibrium Op< timizer (BCGEO), which integrates the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) with the classic economic decision-making model, the Boston Consulting Group Matrix. This matrix is utilized to construct a model for evaluating the potential of individuals, aiding in the rational allocation of computational resources, thereby achieving a better balance between exploration and exploitation. In comparative experiments across various dimensions on CEC2017, the BCGEO demonstrated superior search performance over its peers. Furthermore, in dynamic economic dispatch, the BCGEO has shown strong optimization capabilities and potential in power system optimization problems. Additionally, the experimental results in the spacecraft trajectory optimization problem suggest its potential for broader application across various fields.,Xiong, Dangsheng; Liu, Yuntong; Deng, YalingvBiomimetic design of UHMWPE bearing interfaces lubricated through boundary-fluid mixed mechanism for artificial jointsTRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL?Boundary-fluid lubrication; Bearing interface; Artificial joint5ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; SURFACE CRACKING; FRICTION; WEARNatural articular cartilage, devoid of lymph and blood vessels, has limited self-repair capacity but can function for up to 70 years. Its remarkable longevity is attributed to its porous, water-containing structure and lubrication from brushlike polymers. In this study, simulating structure and lubrication mechanism of natural articular cartilage, a composite structure incorporating pores and brushlike polymers was constructed on bearing interface of UHMWPE artificial joint. The biomimetic bearing interface achieved a boundary-fluid mixed lubrication mechanism, demonstrating ultra-high wettability (0 degrees contact angle) and low friction coefficient (0.03) comparable to that of natural articular cartilage, while also exhibiting a relatively long lifespan. This study presents a promising technology for fabricating super-lubricated bearing interfaces mimicking natural cartilage and elaborates a unique lubrication mechanism.vZhang, Chunyong; Zhu, Lin; Geng, Ying; Li, Zhe; Li, Shubai; Lian, Yuebin; Zhao, Zhenlong; Huang, Jingjing; Bai, JirongsBacterial cellulose aerogel derived carbon supported CoO@NiO heterojunction for enhanced supercapacitor performanceVBacterial cellulose aerogel; Heterojunction; Pseudocapacitive behavior; Supercapacitor;ASYMMETRIC SUPERCAPACITOR; MICROSPHERES; ELECTRODES; ENERGYNowadays, the exploration of energy and the examination of environmental issues present significant challenges, it is challenging and significance to explore electrode materials with high performance for supercapacitor applications. Metal composite oxides possess more valence states, which serve as active centers to participate in electrochemical reactions, and have stronger energy storage capacity than single metal oxides. In this work, Bacterial cellulose aerogel serves as a template to form a three-dimensional porous structure, which contributes to the uniform distribution of metal atoms and provides a channel for the rapid transport of electrolyte ions. The heterojunction formed between the CoO and NiO not only provides more valence states and increases the active center, but also the synergy between the bimetals enhances the conductivity of the material, thereby exhibiting excellent specific capacitance values and excellent cycle performance. The formed CoO@NiO/CA-2 achieved a specific capacitance of 466.31 F/g at 1 A/g and remained a capacitance retention of 83.9 % after 3500 cycles at 4 A/g. This work indicates that electrode materials prepared by the combining of aerogel as a template agent with metal composite oxides have bright prospects in energy storage."Wang, Shulei; Wang, Yan; Sun, ZeyuFAutonomous navigation and visual navigation in robot mission executionIMAGE AND VISION COMPUTINGaTopological path planning; Object guidance; Navigation success rate; Weighted inverse path lengthVEHICLESNavigating autonomously in complex environments remains a significant challenge, as traditional methods relying on precise metric maps a< nd conventional path planning algorithms often struggle with dynamic obstacles and demand high computational resources. To address these limitations, we propose a topological path planning approach that employs Bernstein polynomial parameterization and real-time object guidance to iteratively refine the preliminary path, ensuring smoothness and dynamic feasibility. Simulation results demonstrate that our method outperforms MSMRL, ANS, and NTS in both weighted inverse path length and navigation success rate. In real-world scenarios, it consistently achieves higher success rates and path efficiency compared to the widely used OGMADWA method. These findings confirm that our approach enables efficient and reliable navigation in dynamic environments while maintaining strong adaptability and robustness in path planning.&Chen, Ying-Ting; Li, Cheng; Li, ShuangoAttention based spatial-temporal multi-graph ordinary differential equation network for traffic flow prediction]Traffic flow prediction; Ordinary differential equation; Attention; Graph convolution networkCNNTraffic flow prediction plays an important role in the intelligent transportation systems. Most of the current stateof-the-art traffic flow prediction models extract the spatial and temporal features of traffic flow data through graph neural network (GNN) and temporal extraction module. However, the semantic relevance of road network nodes and historical data relevance are ignored in those models. Moreover, there exists an over-smoothing problem as the number of GNN layers increases, and it is impossible to capture spatial relevance of longrange nodes through modeling. To address this challenge, we propose an attention based spatial-temporal multi-graph ordinary differential equation network (ASTMGODE). Specifically, ASTMGODE mainly consists of three independent components, to jointly model the spatial-temporal correlations and semantic correlations with various features in the traffic flow. The three spatial attributes are distance matrix, semantical matrix and historical data correlation matrix, respectively, based on the distance between road nodes, functional similarities and historical data. Each component can effectively capture the spatial-temporal correlations in the traffic data via the spatial-temporal attention mechanism. Subsequently, spatial-temporal features are characterized by temporal and spatial extraction modules, in which the temporal extraction module is composed of temporal attention mechanism and temporal convolution (TCN), while the spatial extraction module comprises tensorbased ordinary differential equation (ODE) and graph convolution network (GCN). During experiments on six real-world traffic datasets, the ASTMGODE model reduced root mean square error (RMSE) by approximately 7.65% compared to the state-of-the-art known models.%Huang, Cheng; Miao, Kui; Yu, ChuanbinRAnalytic solution for an underground tunnel of arbitrary shape at a moderate depth7Tunnel; Hole; Half-plane; Stress concentration; Gravity>STRESS-CONCENTRATION; NANOSIZED HOLE; HALF-PLANE; DISPLACEMENTThis paper focuses on the analytic determination of the stress field around a horizontal tunnel buried in an elastic medium at a moderate depth. The cross section of the tunnel is assumed to be arbitrary, and the medium is subjected to a vertical gravity and a lateral pressure in the horizontal direction. In contrast to the cases of deep-buried tunnels in which a constant initial stress field induced by the gravity and lateral pressure before tunnel excavation is used to derive corresponding classical solutions, the current case of a moderate-depth tunnel necessitates the consideration of a non-constant initial stress field varying linearly with the depth coordinate. In this setting, we employ several analytic techniques, in the context of the complex variable formalism for plane elasticity, to derive a modified solution for the full stress field in the medium after tunnel excavation and obtain a closed-form formula for evaluating the hoop stress around the tunnel. Comparisons with the finit< e element results, for a rectangle-semicircle-shaped tunnel at a depth approximately equal to two times the diameter of the tunnel, are made to validate the modified solution. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the stress concentration around moderate-depth tunnels of equilaterally triangular shape, square shape and rectangle-semicircle shape. It is found that the modified solution deviates significantly from the classical counterpart in determining the stress concentration at the corners of the above-mentioned tunnels, and the differences between the modified and classical solutions depend highly on the ratio of the lateral pressure to the vertical pressure (caused by gravity).kChen, Lian-Meng; Huang, Kai-Yu; Liu, Yi-Jie; Li, Ze-Bin; Zeng, Yi-Hong; Li, Wei; Zhou, Yi-Yi; Dong, Shi-LindAnalysis and Evaluation of the Progressive Collapse of Cable Dome Structures Induced by Joint Damagehcable dome structure; joint damage; progressive collapse; dynamic response; joint importance coefficientThe current literature lacks an effective progressive collapse analysis of a cable dome structure induced by joint damage. In this study, a dynamic analysis was performed using actual construction cases, an ANSYS LS-DYNA analysis platform, and a fully dynamic equivalent load instantaneous removal method. First, the structure's dynamic responses and collapse modes induced by different joints with different types of damage were explored. Subsequently, joint importance coefficients were proposed depending on the structure's displacement before and after joint removal, and the relationships between the joint importance coefficients and the joint properties and collapse modes, respectively, were then identified. Finally, the relationship between the joint damage and the connected component damage was explored. The results revealed that different joints and identical joints with different types induced a variety of dynamic responses. However, the dynamic response induced by the discontinuous joint damage was more apparent than that induced by the continuous joint damage. When a continuous joint model was used, the damage on all joints did not result in the progressive or local progressive collapse of the structure. Thus, all these joints were considered as common joints. However, when a discontinuous joint model was used, the failure of the joints resulted in three distinct collapse modes, namely a progressive collapse, a local progressive collapse, and a nonprogressive collapse, corresponding to the key joints, the important joints, and the common joints, respectively. These three types of joints corresponded to different importance coefficients. When damage occurred in the discontinuous joints separately linked to the key components, the important components, and the common components, the joints resulted in the progressive collapse, local progressive collapse, and nonprogressive collapse, respectively, of the structure.BXie, Zhong-you; Wang, Ze-yi; Guo, Li-min; Li, Cheng; Cai, Jian-wenpAnalyses on bending crashworthiness of thin-walled circular tubes reinforced with internal triangular stiffeners$STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICSxbending crashworthiness; finite element analysis; reinforcing method; thin- walled circular tubes; triangular stiffeningENERGY-ABSORPTION; MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; LARGE DEFORMATIONS; SQUARE TUBES; COLLAPSE; BEHAVIOR; BEAMS; EMPTY; RESISTANCE; VIBRATIONCThin- walled structures are commonly seen in many engineering fields, and their mechanical properties attract increasing interest from researchers. Thin- walled tubes are apt to flatten, especially crushed by a transverse load, which greatly decreases their global load- carry capacity. Investigations have shown that it is favorable to reinforce the thin- walled tubes to enhance their load resistance at the cost of small increase of structural mass. For this purpose, a novel reinforcing method called triangular stiffening to empty circular tubes is proposed, and the influence on the three-point bending crashworthiness is studied using finite element modellin< g with the aid of ABAQUS/Explicit code. The finite element model for the case of empty tube is verified by experimental results. According to the two popular crashworthiness indicators including SEA (Specific Energy Absorption) and CLE (Crash Load Efficiency), the tubes reinforced by the triangular stiffeners have an advantage over the two reinforcing methods suggested by previous literature. Deformation mechanism of triangular stiffening is demonstrated in terms of the comparison with corresponding empty tubes. The impact of three parameters including thickness, length and intersecting angles of stiffeners on the bending crashworthiness is analyzed and discussed in detail.dWu, Xian-Jun; Dong, Deng-Wei; Qu, Jia-Ying; Han, Yang; You, Zhuo-Ying; Li, Ping-Ping; Han, Jian-GangAn enzyme-fused phycobiliprotein synthesis system developed for visual whole-cell biosensors for the detection of cadmium during wastewater treatment%ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONVWhole-cell biosensor; Phycobiliprotein; Color development; Visualization; Cadmium ionsTranscription factor-based whole-cell biosensors are simple and inexpensive tools for monitoring heavy metals during environmental processes. However, most biosensors are depend on instrumentation or have low sensitivity. Here, all the enzymes in the phycobiliprotein synthesis system were fused with the phycocyanin apoprotein to create a system to synthesize enzyme-fused phycobiliproteins with comparable fluorescence. We replaced the biliprotein synthesis system T7 promoter with cadmium-sensing genetic elements to create two visual cadmium biosensors (Epcad-cbsA and Epcad-cbsS). Cd2+ was detected at nanomolar concentrations by measuring the fluorescence intensity and evaluating the degree of color change of the cell pellets. Moreover, good linear correlations were observed with Cd2+ concentrations up to 250 nM. Compared with cellular fluorescence, our cadmium biosensor is more sensitive when cell color is used as the output signal, with detection limits of 7.6 nM for Epcad-cbsA and 3.2 nM for Epcad-cbsS. This visual platform was validated by assessing bioavailable cadmium during wastewater treatment. By immobilizing large amounts of phycobilin with the proteins in cells, our designed biosensors do not require pigment extraction or specialized light sources or detection devices. This work demonstrates that a biliprotein synthesis system can be a novel platform for the development of simple, low-cost, and highly sensitive visual biosensors for real-world applications.$Wang, Yanbo; Shen, Tao; Xu, YongmingjAn Electromagnetic Analytical Model of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors for Transient Performance PredictionIWinding function; Induction machines; Air-gap function; Saturation effectrWhen analyzing induction machines with skewed slots, analytical models are often considered a valid substitute for the Finite Element Method (FEM) to reduce computation time. However, incorporating complex effects of induction motors, such as the slotting effect, saturation effect, and skewing effect, into the analytical model is challenging. This paper presents an electromagnetic analytical model (EAM) used to predict the transient characteristics of squirrel cage induction motors. In this model, the slotting effect, saturation effect, and skewing effect are accounted for by combining the winding function, conformal mapping (CM), and equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC). As a specific example, a 7.5 kW, 2-pole induction motor was studied, and the current, torque, speed, and air-gap flux density were calculated. The effectiveness of the proposed model was validated by comparing the results with those obtained from FEM and experimental data. The results indicate that the model can accurately capture both time and space high-order harmonics and has great potential in estimating the transient performance of induction machines.BJiang, Demin; Chen, Huina; Zhu, Liangjuan; Wang, Wei; Wang, Yuqiao\Ag@Co/Zn N-Doped Carbon as Antibacterial Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Microbial Fuel CellsWantibacterials; biofouling; catalysts;<  microbial fuel cells; oxygen reduction reactionsCATHODE; NANOPARTICLES; COgBiofouling of air cathode surface decreases the electricity generation performance of membrane-free microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Ag@Co/Zn N-doped carbon (Ag@Co/Zn-NC) is designed as an antibacterial oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst to inhibit biofouling on the cathode surface. The Co/Zn-NC active component promotes ORR catalytic activity through the advantages of well-distributed Co nanoparticles and numerous active sites. Superficial Ag nanoparticles act as antibacterial active species to inhibit bacterial proliferation and suppress biofilm growth. Ag@Co/Zn-NC catalyst prevents bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, effectively preventing excessive biofouling on the cathode surface. The antibacterial catalyst maintains a high catalytic activity and good ion diffusion properties without the adverse effects of biofouling, resulting in enhanced ORR durability of the air cathode. The assembled MFCs achieve high electricity generation during long-term cyclic operation. The maximum power density retention percentage (82.6%) is higher than that of Co/Zn-NC MFC (65.3%) and Pt/C MFC (52.4%) after continuous operation for 1200 h. Excellent operational durability is revealed for the air-cathode MFCs assembled with the antibacterial ORR catalyst during the cyclic process. The novelty of this study is that the design of antibacterial catalysts inhibits the excessive growth of the cathode biofilm to improve the cyclic electricity generation performance of MFCs. The Co/Zn-NC active component promotes the ORR catalytic activity through well-distributed Co nanoparticles and numerous active sites. The antibacterial activity of the Ag nanoparticles inhibits bacterial proliferation and suppresses extravagant biofilm growth. The Ag@Co/Zn-NC catalyst prevents biofouling pollution and enhances the durability and service life of air-cathode MFCs.image (c) 2024 WILEY-VCH GmbHSun, Hualin; Hu, ShengyaobASATrans: Adaptive spatial aggregation transformer for cervical nuclei segmentation on rough edgesPLOS ONEThe main characteristic of cervical cytopathy is reflected in the edge shape of nuclei. Existing computer-aided diagnostic techniques can clearly segment individual nuclei, but cannot clearly segment the rough edges of adherent nucleus. Therefore, we propose an effective method (ASATrans) to accurately segment rough cervical nuclei edges by exploring adaptive spatial aggregation methods. ASATrans creates a Multi-Receptive Embedding Layer that samples patches using diverse-scale kernels. This approach provides cross-scale features to each embedding, preventing semantic corruption that might arise from mapping disparate patches to analogous underlying representations. Furthermore, we design Adaptive Pixel Adjustment Block by introducing a long-range dependency and adaptive spatial aggregation. This is achieved through the stratification of the spatial aggregation process into distinct groups. Each group is given an exclusive sampling volume and modulation scale, fostering a collaborative learning paradigm that combines local features and global dependencies. This collaborative approach to feature extraction achieves adaptability, mitigates interference from unnecessary pixels, and allows for better segmentation of edges in the nucleus. Extensive experiments on two cervical nuclei datasets (HRASPP Dataset, ISBI Dataset), demonstrating that our proposed ASATrans outperforms other state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.e0307206pA straightforward method for estimating evolutionary power spectral density of non-stationary typhoon wind speediTyphoon wind speed; Evolutionary power spectral density; Stochastic process; Non-stationary; Non-Gaussian'SUTONG BRIDGE; HYBRID MODEL; SIMULATION Purpose - A precise estimation of the evolutionary power spectral density (EPSD) of typhoon wind speed is a difficult and significant undertaking in the analysis of turbulence effects on large-expansive structures. A majority of the prevailing EPSD estimation techniques rely on complex s< ignal processing methodologies, such as wavelet decomposition, Hilbert-Huang transformation and time-varying autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. However, these approaches often pose challenges in terms of comprehensibility and practical implementation for engineers. In light of this issue, the present study introduces a straightforward and effective EPSD estimation method tailored specifically for typhoon wind speed, aiming to facilitate its understanding and application in engineering contexts. Design/methodology/approach - Firstly, the mathematical model of a uniformly modulated non-stationary process is employed to represent the typhoon wind speed. Secondly, the reverse arrangement test serves as an auxiliary tool in conjunction with wavelet transform or empirical mode decomposition, aiding in the determination of the optimal slowly varying mean wind speed. Thirdly, Kernel regression technique is utilized to discern the time-dependent standard deviation of wind speed fluctuations. Finally, the power spectral density (PSD) of wind speed residuals is computed to facilitate the estimation of the EPSD. Findings - Firstly, the reverse arrangement test-assisted approach enables the determination of an optimal time- dependent mean from the candidate results obtained through discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Secondly, the application of the Kernel regression technique facilitates accurate identification of the time-dependent variance from the fluctuating wind speed data. Thirdly, due to the influence of the extreme weather, the Gaussianity of the reduced turbulent fluctuations in typhoon wind is easily disturbed, resulting in the obvious non-Gaussian features. Originality/value - This paper employs the mathematical model of uniformly modulated non-stationary process to characterize typhoon wind speeds and then proposes a straightforward and efficient method for estimating the EPSD of typhoon wind. The accuracy and efficacy of the presented estimation method are verified using the field-measured wind speed data from Typhoon Rammasun. The proposed EPSD estimation method for typhoon wind exhibits suitability for engineering applications owing to its simplicity and computational efficiency.EChang, Xiaoyong; Li, Ruipeng; Wang, Yuting; Zhai, Mingjing; Cai, JiheA Two-Stage SOC Balancing Control Strategy for Distributed Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids Based on Improved Droop Control\SOC balance; Current sharing; Distributed energy storage system; DC microgrid; Droop controlEBUS VOLTAGE RESTORATION; SECONDARY CONTROL; COMMUNICATION; MANAGEMENTIn order to solve the shortcomings of current droop control approaches for distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) in islanded DC microgrids, this research provides an innovative state-of-charge (SOC) balancing control mechanism. Line resistance between the converter and the DC bus is assessed based on local information by means of synchronous and dynamic adjustment of the droop control coefficient in each converter during the initial stage following charging and discharging switching. An adaptive droop control system based on SOC makes up for variations in line resistance. Consequently, the SOC of each energy storage system (DESS) gradually attains balance. First, the adaptive droop control approach based on SOC is analyzed. Second, various kinds of correlations between the SOC and the droop control coefficient are taken into consideration. The outcomes of SOC balancing with various R = f(SOC) function forms are examined. The general principle of design of the droop control coefficient is revealed. Different from many previous studies, line resistance is then taken into account, and its impact on the SOC-based adaptive droop control is methodically investigated. Finally, a two-stage SOC balancing control technique is suggested to enhance the existing sharing performance in DESSs even further. The efficiency of the suggested strategy is confirmed by simulations. This approach works well for low-cost islanded DC microgrids and is simple to install.0X< i, Ji; Yu, Hang; Xu, Zhe; Zhao, Li; Tao, HuaweiaA Semi-Supervised Lie Detection Algorithm Based on Integrating Multiple Speech Emotional FeaturesElie detection; feature fusion; deep learning; multi-loss optimizationoWhen people tell lies, they often exhibit tension and emotional fluctuations, reflecting a complex psychological state. However, the scarcity of labeled data in datasets and the complexity of deception information pose significant challenges in extracting effective lie features, which severely restrict the accuracy of lie detection systems. To address this, this paper proposes a semi-supervised lie detection algorithm based on integrating multiple speech emotional features. Firstly, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Auto Encoder (AE) network process log Mel spectrogram features and acoustic statistical features, respectively, to capture the contextual links between similar features. Secondly, the joint attention model is used to learn the complementary relationship among different features to obtain feature representations with richer details. Lastly, the model combines the unsupervised loss Local Maximum Mean Discrepancy (LMMD) and supervised loss Jefferys multi-loss optimization to enhance the classification performance. Experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper achieves better performance.;Shi, Yong; Du, Jian; Wang, Miaomiao; Qiao, Xu; Wang, WeihuaYA Novel Non-Intrusive Framework for Real-Time Sleep Status Detection with Single 2D LiDARTRAITEMENT DU SIGNAL\framework; LiDAR technology; sleep status; detection; non-invasive monitoring; single; LiDARTRACKINGSleep monitoring devices that use contact sensors or camera technology often compromise sleep quality and pose significant privacy risks. This paper investigates a novel sleep status recognition method employing 2D LiDAR technology, which enables low-cost, real-time monitoring of sleep quality while reducing privacy risks. The study systematically explores the behavior recognition normal framework based on 2D LiDAR, with a focus on point cloud data processing procedures and techniques. A comprehensive sleep status recognition framework is proposed, utilizing a single 2D LiDAR, encompassing three critical aspects: detecting target definition using DBSCAN clustering and quantitative calculation, identification of the same target object, and changes in the status of the same target object. Additionally, an experimental environment was developed for testing on subjects during afternoon naps. The results ofAten experimental trials demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of effectively detecting changes in sleep states. Additionally, during object recognition, three distinct target objects were consistently identified, corresponding to the positions of the human head, waist, and legs. Further analysis of the data reveals that each experimental trial recorded 5 to 10 state changes, a frequency consistent with current public findings on sleep quality assessment. A detailed examination of the first group's data indicates minimal movement in the head (average displacement of 12.2 cm), substantial movement in the legs (average displacement of 50.6 cm), and moderate movement in the waist (average displacement of 18.2 cm). These variations in distance are not attributable to differences in LiDAR angles but align with commonly observed patterns of turning during human sleep. These findings provide valuable support for the advancement of low-cost sleep care solutions and related business opportunities.2Li, He; Yang, Bozhi; Gu, Xinyu; Xu, Wen; Liu, XuanA Bionic-Based Multi-Objective Optimization for a Compact HVAC System with Integrated Air Conditioning, Purification, and Humidification BIOMIMETICSmultifunctional device; biomimetic design; multi-objective optimization; slime mold algorithm (SMA); deep ACO algorithm; beluga whale optimization (BWO)KPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; DESICCANT WHEEL; ENERGY; SIMULATION; EFFICIENCY; HEATThis study is dedicated to the development of a multifunctional device that integrates air conditioning, humidification, < and air purification functions, aimed at meeting the demands for energy efficiency, space-saving, and comfortable indoor environments in modern residential and commercial settings. The research focuses on achieving a balance between performance, energy consumption, and noise levels by combining bionic design principles with advanced optimization algorithms to propose innovative design and optimization methods. Specific methods include the establishment and optimization of mathematical models for air conditioning, air purification, and humidification functions. The air conditioning module employs a nonlinear programming model optimized through the Parrot Optimizer (PO) Algorithm to achieve uniform temperature distribution and minimal energy consumption. The air purification function is based on a bionic model and optimized using the Deep ACO Algorithm to ensure high efficiency and low noise levels. The humidification function utilizes a mist diffusion model optimized through the Slime Mold Algorithm (SMA) to enhance performance. Ultimately, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed using the Beluga Whale Optimization (BWO), successfully integrating the three main functions and designing a compact segmented cylindrical device that achieves a balance of high efficiency and multifunctionality. The optimization results indicate that the device exhibits superior performance, with a Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of 400 m3/h, a humidification rate of 1.2 kg/h, a temperature uniformity index of 0.08, and a total power consumption controlled within 1600 W. This study demonstrates the significant potential of bionic design and optimization technology in the development of multifunctional indoor environment control devices, enhancing not only the overall performance of the device but also the comfort and sustainability of the indoor environment. Future work will focus on system scalability, experimental validation, and further optimization of bionic characteristics to expand the device's applicability and enhance its environmental adaptability.+Liu, Yuhang; Zhao, Maocheng; Hua, HongliangTA 1-DOF Modular Robotic Hand Inspired by Human Two-Arm Cooperative Handling StrategyProbotic grasping; modular design; kinematic modeling; in-hand operation; Fin RaySOFT; MECHANISM; GRIPPERhIn the present article, a 1-DOF modular robotic hand inspired by a human two-arm cooperative handling strategy was presented to achieve flexible applications in robotic object grasping. The presented modular robotic hand was characterized as 1-DOF, modular, symmetrically designed and partly soft. The soft finger could produce independent elastic deformation and adapt to the object surface passively without the additional requirement of control. The modular hand is based on bus control technology, and up to 254 modular hands can be controlled simultaneously. The above characteristic of the modular hand could greatly improve the application flexibility of the robotic end-effector. The modularity of the robotic hand makes the multi-hand cooperative operation possible, which is a potential technology to eliminate the position error of the object. Based on the modular hand, a double-hand and quadruple-hand end-effector was developed, and some experimental tests were performed to verify its versatility and operating performance. The operating stability was also verified by kinematic modeling and numerical simulation.Shi, X.; Xing, Y. Y.G60 GHz millimeter-wave transceiver front-end: Design and implementation4millimeter-wave; 60 GHz; transceiver front-end; MMICBased on the microwave integrated circuit and millimeter wave integrated circuit technology, a pair of TX and RX front-ends operating at 60 GHz are designed and fabricated, with all the functional modules optimized and integrated from the aspect of system application. The integrated front-end system fulfills the design requirements and provides technical and devices support for its application in short distance wireless communication. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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